一、酒后駕車出事故保險公司賠償嗎
為了使被保險人注重控制風險,避免被保險人因投保而對風險疏于防范以及由此產生的事故率的增高,保險公司對于車輛損失險和第三者責任險的賠償制定了一套免賠率制度。具體規定參照條款第十七條:在車輛發生車輛損失險和第三者責任險承保范圍內的損失時,保險公司只負責損失額度×(1-免賠率)的部分,損失額度×免賠率這部分需由被保險人自己承擔。另一方面,為避免因免賠率制度使保戶在遭受大事故時蒙受損失,保險公司又設計了不計免賠特約險。不計免賠特約險是指車輛發生車輛損失險和第三者責任險承保范圍內的損失時,保險公司對損(sun)失額度×免賠(pei)率這部分金額負責賠(pei)償。(注:保險公司規定(ding)必須(xu)在已(yi)投保車輛(liang)損(sun)失險和第(di)三者責任險的基礎上,方可(ke)投保本險。)
因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《道路交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)安全法》是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)管(guan)理法而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理法,禁止酒(jiu)后(hou)駕(jia)車(che)(che),只是(shi)(shi)從交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)管(guan)理的角度考慮(lv)。對于(yu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)賠(pei)(pei)償,必(bi)須(xu)由《保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法》、保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan)進行特別的規定。理論上,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)違(wei)反(fan)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)法規,對于(yu)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)償并無影響。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)汽(qi)車(che)(che)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在轉嫁(jia)各(ge)種風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),無論這些風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)違(wei)章造成的,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司都應該負擔下來。如果要想不(bu)賠(pei)(pei)償保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin),那么(me)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司就(jiu)必(bi)須(xu)在保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan)中,把酒(jiu)后(hou)駕(jia)車(che)(che)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)免除保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)償責任的情形寫(xie)出來。一旦駕(jia)駛員酒(jiu)后(hou)駕(jia)車(che)(che)出事故,保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司可以依據這些合(he)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan)拒賠(pei)(pei)。這樣的合(he)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan),稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“責任免(mian)除條(tiao)款”。
但是,《保(bao)險法》第十八條(tiao)明確規(gui)定:“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同中規定有關于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人責任免(mian)除(chu)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人在(zai)訂立保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同時應(ying)當向投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人明(ming)確(que)說明(ming),未(wei)明(ming)確(que)說明(ming)的(de)(de),該條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)不產(chan)生效力”。由于這(zhe)種“不賠償”的(de)(de)條(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan),會對駕駛員、車(che)主、受害者產(chan)生重大不利后(hou)果(guo),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)就應(ying)該在(zai)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)時候,特別提醒車(che)主注(zhu)意一下(xia),讓他們(men)了(le)解和接受。如果(guo)他們(men)不接受,可以(yi)選擇不投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、或(huo)者向其他保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。否則車(che)主事先(xian)不知(zhi)道這(zhe)些(xie),投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、交了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費,出事后(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)卻不賠償,那對他們(men)的(de)(de)打(da)擊太大了(le),會讓人覺得保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)缺乏誠信(xin)。
二、酒后駕車出事故保險公司應如何理賠
根據(ju)《機動車交(jiao)通(tong)事故責任強制保(bao)險(xian)條例》第22條的(de)規定:“有(you)(you)下列(lie)情形(xing)之一(yi)的(de),保險(xian)公司在(zai)機動車交通事故責任(ren)強制(zhi)保險(xian)責任(ren)限額范圍內(nei)墊付搶救費用,并(bing)有(you)(you)權向致害(hai)人(ren)追償:(一(yi))駕駛人(ren)未取得駕駛資(zi)格(ge)或者醉酒的(de);……有(you)(you)前(qian)款所列(lie)情形(xing)之一(yi),發生道路交通事故的(de),造(zao)成受害(hai)人(ren)的(de)財(cai)產損(sun)失,保險(xian)公司不承擔賠(pei)償責任(ren)。”
因此,當肇事司機醉酒駕駛機動車時,保險(xian)公司只(zhi)是在醫療費限(xian)額內承(cheng)擔(dan)墊付(fu)責任(ren),并有(you)權向(xiang)肇事者(zhe)追償,對于(yu)其他損失(shi)和費用不(bu)負責墊付(fu)和賠償。也就是說,保險(xian)公司僅對受(shou)害(hai)人(ren)的(de)有(you)形財產損失(shi)免責,對受(shou)害(hai)人(ren)的(de)人(ren)身損害(hai)仍應在交強(qiang)險(xian)范圍(wei)內予(yu)以賠付(fu),但有(you)權向(xiang)肇事者(zhe)追償。
另外,根(gen)據2009年10月20日,最(zui)高(gao)人民(min)法(fa)院(2009)民(min)立他字第(di)42號對(dui)安徽省(sheng)高(gao)級人民(min)法(fa)院的(de)答復精(jing)神(shen),“財產損(sun)失(shi)(shi)”是指(zhi)與精(jing)神(shen)損(sun)害相對(dui)應的(de)廣義上的(de)財產損(sun)失(shi)(shi),因(yin)此,因(yin)受害人人身傷亡(wang)產生(sheng)的(de)各項經濟損(sun)失(shi)(shi)如傷殘賠(pei)償(chang)金等,也(ye)包括在保險公司(si)免(mian)賠(pei)的(de)范圍內。