手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)板，顧(gu)名思義鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)(hu)板主要(yao)是針對可充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（一般(ban)指鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池）起保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)的(de)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板。 鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（可充(chong)(chong)型）之所(suo)以需要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)，是由它本身特(te)性決定的(de)。由于鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身的(de)材料決定了(le)它不能被(bei)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)、過(guo)(guo)放、過(guo)(guo)流(liu)、短路及超高(gao)溫充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組件總會跟著一塊帶采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)保護(hu)(hu)板和一片(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保險器出現。

定義

鋰電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)通(tong)常由保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)板(ban)和(he)PTC或TCO等(deng)電(dian)流器件協同完成，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板(ban)是由電(dian)子電(dian)路(lu)組成，在(zai)(zai)-40℃至+85℃的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)下(xia)時刻準確的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)視(shi)電(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓和(he)充放回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流，即時控制電(dian)流回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)斷；PTC或TCO在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)環境(jing)下(xia)防止電(dian)池發生惡劣的(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)。

保護(hu)板通常包括控制(zhi)(zhi)IC、MOS開關(guan)、JEPSUN捷比信精密電(dian)阻(zu)及(ji)輔助器件(jian)NTC、ID存(cun)儲器,PCB等。其中控制(zhi)(zhi)IC，在一(yi)切正常的情(qing)況下(xia)控制(zhi)(zhi)MOS開關(guan)導通，使(shi)電(dian)芯與外電(dian)路溝通，而當電(dian)芯電(dian)壓或回(hui)路電(dian)流超過規定值時，它立刻（數十毫秒）控制(zhi)(zhi)MOS開關(guan)關(guan)斷(duan)，保護(hu)電(dian)芯的安全(quan)。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的縮(suo)寫，意即負溫度系數，在環(huan)境溫度升(sheng)高時，其阻值(zhi)降低，使用電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)或充電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)及時反應、控制內部(bu)中斷而(er)停(ting)止(zhi)充放電(dian)。

ID存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)常為單(dan)線接口(kou)存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)，ID是Identification 的縮(suo)寫(xie)即(ji)身份(fen)識別(bie)的意(yi)思，存(cun)儲(chu)電池種類(lei)、生產(chan)日期等信息。可起到產(chan)品的可追溯和應用的限(xian)制。

PTC是英文(wen)Positive Temperature Coefficient的縮寫，意思是正溫度系(xi)數。專業里面通常把正溫度系(xi)數器件(jian)簡稱為PTC，電池產品里PTC可以防止(zhi)電池高(gao)溫放電和不安(an)全的大(da)電流(liu)的發生(sheng)，根據電池的電壓、電流(liu)密度特性和應(ying)用環境，對PTC有專門(men)的要求。

PTC是電池組件產品(pin)里一(yi)個非常重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)部件，對電池的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)擔負著重(zhong)(zhong)要使命(ming)，它本(ben)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)和品(pin)質也是電池組性能(neng)和品(pin)質的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要因數(shu)。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)對單一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護時(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)設計會相(xiang)對簡單，技術性(xing)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)地方(fang)在于(yu)，比(bi)如對動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)設計需要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)平(ping)臺問題，動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使用(yong)中往往被要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)平(ping)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所以(yi)設計保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)時(shi)(shi)盡(jin)量使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，這樣(yang)(yang)對控(kong)制(zhi)IC，精(jing)密電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等元件的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就會很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)般國產IC能滿(man)足大(da)多(duo)數產品要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，特殊可以(yi)采用(yong)進口產品，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)采樣(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻則(ze)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)JEPSUN捷比(bi)信電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)滿(man)足高(gao)(gao)精(jing)密度(du)，低(di)溫度(du)系數，無(wu)感等要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護板(ban)(ban)(ban)設計，則(ze)有更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按照不(bu)同的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，設計復雜程(cheng)度(du)各不(bu)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)產品。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過充保護(hu)(hu)　2、過放保護(hu)(hu)　3、過流、短路保護(hu)(hu)

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配(pei)的(de)直沖(chong)在手機上(shang)直接(jie)充電，會把電池(chi)保(bao)(bao)護板的(de)保(bao)(bao)護電路(lu)自動沖(chong)開。

2、把電(dian)池的正(zheng)負(fu)極瞬(shun)間短路，看到(dao)電(dian)極片上有火花就行了，多試幾(ji)次，然(ran)后再用直充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。

3、找個5V的(de)直流(liu)電，用(yong)正負極輕觸電池(chi)的(de)正負極，多試(shi)幾次，再用(yong)原充電器充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電池保(bao)護板根據使用(yong)IC,電壓等(deng)不同而電路及(ji)參數有(you)所(suo)不同,常用(yong)的(de)保(bao)護IC有(you)8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等(deng)，其(qi)中精(jing)工的(de)8261系列精(jing)度更好，當然價錢也更貴。后面幾種都是臺灣出(chu)的(de)，國內次級市(shi)場基本都用(yong)DW01+和CS213了(le)，下(xia)面以DW01+ 配MOS管8205A（8pin）進(jin)行講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)壓在2.5V至4.3V之間時(shi)(shi)(shi)，DW01 的第1腳(jiao)、第3腳(jiao)均(jun)輸出高電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(等于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓)，第二腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)壓為0V。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)DW01 的第1腳(jiao) 、第3腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)壓將(jiang)分別(bie)加到(dao)8205A的第5、4腳(jiao)，8205A內(nei)的兩個電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關因(yin)其G極接到(dao)來自DW01 的電(dian)(dian)壓，故均(jun)處于(yu)導通狀態，即兩個電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關均(jun)處于(yu)開(kai)狀態。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的負(fu)極與保護(hu)板的P-端相當于(yu)直接連(lian)通，保護(hu)板有電(dian)(dian)壓輸出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)通(tong)過(guo)外接(jie)的(de)(de)負載進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)將(jiang)慢慢降低(di)，同時DW01 內部(bu)將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降到(dao)約2.3V時DW01 將(jiang)認(ren)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態，便立即(ji)(ji)斷(duan)開(kai)第(di)1腳(jiao)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使第(di)1腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變為0V，8205A內的(de)(de)開(kai)關管(guan)因第(di)5腳(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而關閉(bi)。此(ci)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)板的(de)(de)P-之間處(chu)于斷(duan)開(kai)狀(zhuang)態。即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護(hu)板處(chu)于過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態并一直保持。等到(dao)保護(hu)板的(de)(de)P 與(yu)P-間接(jie)上(shang)(shang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后，DW01 經(jing)B-檢測到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后便立即(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，重(zhong)新在第(di)1腳(jiao)輸出(chu)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)導通(tong)，即(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)B-與(yu)保護(hu)板的(de)(de)P-又(you)重(zhong)新接(jie)上(shang)(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接(jie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)增加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將越來越高，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高到4.4V時，DW01 將認(ren)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，便立即斷開第3腳(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使第3腳(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為0V，8205A內的(de)(de)開關管因(yin)第4腳(jiao)(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關閉。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)B-與保(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P-之間處(chu)于(yu)(yu)斷開狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路被切(qie)斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)將停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)護板(ban)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)并(bing)一(yi)直保(bao)持(chi)。等(deng)到保(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)P 與P-間接上(shang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載(zai)后，因(yin)此時雖然過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制開關管關閉,但(dan)其內部的(de)(de)二極管正方向(xiang)與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)(de)方向(xiang)相(xiang)同,故放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路可以進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)被放(fang)到低于(yu)(yu)4.3V時，DW01 停止過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)重(zhong)新在第3腳(jiao)(jiao)輸(shu)出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使8205A內的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管導通，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)B-與保(bao)護板(ban)P-又重(zhong)新接上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)又能進(jin)(jin)行正常的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保護板(ban)對外放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中，8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)并不完全(quan)等(deng)效于(yu)(yu)兩個機(ji)械開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，而是等(deng)效于(yu)(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，并稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通內(nei)阻， 每個開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通內(nei)阻約為(wei)(wei)30mU 03a9共約為(wei)(wei)60mU 03a9，加(jia)在G極(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)是直接控(kong)制每個開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)當(dang)G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大于(yu)(yu)1V時(shi)(shi)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通內(nei)阻很小(xiao)(xiao)(幾十(shi)毫歐)，相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉合，當(dang)G極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0.7V以下(xia)時(shi)(shi)，開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)管的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通內(nei)阻很大(幾MΩ)，相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷開(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)UA就是8205A的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通內(nei)阻與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增大則(ze)UA必然增大,因UA0.006L×IUA又稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)管壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)，UA可以簡接表明放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)。上(shang)升到0.2V時(shi)(shi)便(bian)認為(wei)(wei)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)到達(da)了極(ji)限(xian)值，于(yu)(yu)是停(ting)止第1腳的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使(shi)第1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變為(wei)(wei)0V、8205A內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)，將關(guan)(guan)(guan)斷放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制管。換言之DW01 允許(xu)輸出的(de)(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是3.3A，實(shi)現(xian)了過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路保(bao)(bao)護(hu)是(shi)過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)極限形式，其控(kong)制(zhi)過(guo)程及(ji)原(yuan)理(li)與(yu)過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)一(yi)樣，短路只是(shi)在(zai)相(xiang)當于在(zai)P P-間加上(shang)一(yi)個阻值小的(de)電(dian)阻(約為(wei)0Ω)使保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板的(de)負載(zai)電(dian)流(liu)瞬(shun)時達到10A以(yi)上(shang)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)板立即進(jin)行(xing)過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。

發展前景

由于(yu)近幾(ji)年的(de)動力鋰電池的(de)飛速發展(zhan)，無論(lun)是生產工藝(yi)還是材料技術改(gai)進(jin)上，或價(jia)格(ge)的(de)優勢，都有相當大的(de)突破(po)，因(yin)此它也(ye)(ye)(ye)為多并多串打下(xia)堅實(shi)的(de)基礎。替(ti)代(dai)鉛酸電池的(de)時代(dai)越來越近。無論(lun)電動自(zi)(zi)行車還是后(hou)備電源，它的(de)市場占(zhan)有率自(zi)(zi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)開始瘋狂擴大，這是不(bu)可否認的(de)事實(shi)。那么，為了電池的(de)安全與壽命，鋰電池的(de)有效保(bao)護(hu)自(zi)(zi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)少不(bu)了，此時保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)在電池包內也(ye)(ye)(ye)是一(yi)個(ge)非常核心的(de)部(bu)件之一(yi)。

理(li)(li)論上來講，動力多(duo)(duo)串電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護板(ban)已經沒有(you)(you)太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)含量了，比如電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與軟件處理(li)(li)，有(you)(you)太多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇。其(qi)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)把保護部分(fen)如何做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)穩定(ding)，可靠，更安(an)全，更實用(yong)，當然(ran)價格也是(shi)其(qi)中之一。想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)把它做(zuo)好，那是(shi)一件非常(chang)復(fu)雜細(xi)心而又漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)回工作(zuo)。如果要(yao)(yao)按經驗(yan)與技術(shu)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比比值的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)，技術(shu)只占(zhan)20% 。經驗(yan)要(yao)(yao)占(zhan)到(dao)(dao)80% 。做(zuo)好動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護板(ban)沒有(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)三五年的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)，還(huan)是(shi)有(you)(you)困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然(ran)做(zuo)好與能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)是(shi)兩回事。為什么會有(you)(you)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結論呢?這是(shi)有(you)(you)依據的(de)(de)(de)(de)。說(shuo)實話(hua)(hua)，保護板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)并不復(fu)雜，只要(yao)(yao)在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)行(xing)業工作(zuo)了一兩年，設計個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與抄襲人(ren)家一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)不是(shi)什么難事。比如：多(duo)(duo)串動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)他主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，大電(dian)(dian)流，高內阻(zu)工作(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)流)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包工作(zuo)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)考量等等，這都牽(qian)扯到(dao)(dao)多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)專業綜合經驗(yan)。大到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)對整個(ge)(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解，小到(dao)(dao)一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)(dian)容或(huo)(huo)晶體(ti)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)型,或(huo)(huo)是(shi)布板(ban)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)注意細(xi)節。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)一句話(hua)(hua)，保護板(ban)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)穩定(ding)，可靠，安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)安(an)全使用(yong)或(huo)(huo)使用(yong)得(de)更久，其(qi)它添加的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)(you)技術(shu)與功能(neng)(neng)，都是(shi)浮云。

主要作用

1.電(dian)壓保護：過(guo)(guo)充，過(guo)(guo)放(fang)，這(zhe)要(yao)根(gen)據電(dian)池的(de)材料不同而(er)有(you)所改變，這(zhe)點看似簡單，但要(yao)細(xi)節上來看，還是有(you)經驗學問的(de)。

過(guo)充(chong)(chong)保(bao)護，在我們以(yi)往的(de)單(dan)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都會(hui)高(gao)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)飽(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)50~150mV。但是(shi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)一樣(yang)，如(ru)果你要(yao)想延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)，你的(de)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)飽(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，甚至還要(yao)比(bi)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)還低(di)些。比(bi)如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)4.18V~4.2V。因為它(ta)是(shi)多串數的(de)，整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)壽命(ming)容量主要(yao)是(shi)以(yi)容量最低(di)的(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)準(zhun)，小容量的(de)總是(shi)在大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)作，所(suo)以(yi)衰減加快。而大容量每次(ci)都是(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)(chong)輕(qing)放(fang)，自然(ran)衰減要(yao)慢(man)得多了(le)。為了(le)讓小容量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也是(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)(chong)輕(qing)放(fang)，所(suo)以(yi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)點不(bu)要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)太高(gao)。這個保(bao)護延(yan)時可以(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)影響從而保(bao)護。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關，如錳鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般選擇在2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比它單顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)放的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)稍高點。因(yin)為，在國內生產的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于3.3V后，各顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性完全不一(yi)，因(yin)此是(shi)提前保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這樣對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)是(shi)一(yi)個很好的(de)(de)保(bao)護。

總的(de)一(yi)點就是盡量(liang)讓(rang)每一(yi)顆電池都工作在(zai)輕(qing)充輕(qing)放(fang)下工作，一(yi)定是對電池的(de)壽命是一(yi)個(ge)幫助。

過放保(bao)護延滯(zhi)時間(jian)，它要根(gen)據負載的(de)(de)(de)不同而有所改(gai)變，比(bi)如電(dian)(dian)動(dong)工具類的(de)(de)(de)，他的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流一般都在10C以(yi)上，因(yin)此會在短(duan)時間(jian)內把電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓拉到過放電(dian)(dian)壓點從而保(bao)護。此時無(wu)法讓電(dian)(dian)池工作。這是值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)地方。

2.電流(liu)保護：它主要(yao)體(ti)現在工作電流(liu)與(yu)過電流(liu)使開(kai)關MOS斷開(kai)從而保護電池組或(huo)負載(zai)。

MOS管的(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)溫度急(ji)劇升高，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)發熱也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小及 本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)內阻來決定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，當然小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，對(dui)MOS沒什么影響，但是(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)呢，這(zhe)個(ge)就要(yao)(yao)好好做些處理了(le)， 在(zai)通(tong)過額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)10A以(yi)下(xia)，我們可以(yi)直接用電(dian)(dian)壓來驅動(dong)MOS管。大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，一定(ding)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)加驅動(dong)，給MOS足夠(gou)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。以(yi)下(xia)在(zai)MOS管驅動(dong)有(you)講(jiang)到(dao)

工(gong)作(zuo)電流(liu)，在設計(ji)的時(shi)(shi)候，MOS管上不能存在超(chao)過(guo)(guo)0.3W的功率。計(ji)算(suan)工(gong)式：I2*R/N。R為(wei)MOS的內阻，N為(wei)MOS的數(shu)量。如(ru)果功率超(chao)過(guo)(guo)，MOS會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)25度以(yi)上的溫升，又因(yin)它們都是(shi)密封的,就算(suan)有散熱(re)(re)片，長時(shi)(shi)間工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)，溫度還是(shi)會(hui)上去，因(yin)為(wei)他沒地方可散熱(re)(re)。當然MOS管是(shi)沒任(ren)何(he)問(wen)題，問(wen)題是(shi)他產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)(re)量會(hui)影(ying)響到電池(chi)，畢(bi)竟保護板是(shi)與(yu)電池(chi)放在一起(qi)的。

過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(最大電(dian)(dian)流(liu))，此(ci)項是保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)必(bi)不可(ke)少的(de)(de)，非常關鍵的(de)(de)一(yi)個保(bao)護(hu)參(can)數(shu)。保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大小與(yu)MOS的(de)(de)功率息息相關，因此(ci)在(zai)設計時，要(yao)盡量給(gei)出MOS能(neng)力的(de)(de)余(yu)量。在(zai)布板(ban)的(de)(de)時候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)點(dian)一(yi)定要(yao)選(xuan)好位置，不能(neng)只接(jie)(jie)通就行(xing)，這需要(yao)經驗值。一(yi)般建議接(jie)(jie)在(zai)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)中間端(duan)。還要(yao)注意電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)端(duan)的(de)(de)干擾問題，因為它的(de)(de)信號(hao)很容易(yi)受到(dao)干擾。

過(guo)流保護延時，它也是要根不同的(de)(de)產品做相應的(de)(de)調整。在此(ci)不多說了。

3.短路(lu)保護(hu)：嚴格來講，他是一(yi)個電壓比較型的保護(hu)，也(ye)就是講是用電壓的比較直接關斷或驅動的，不要經過多余的處(chu)理。

短(duan)路延時(shi)(shi)(shi)的設置也很關鍵，因為(wei)在我們的產品中，輸(shu)入濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容都是很大的，在接觸時(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一時(shi)(shi)(shi)間給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)就相當于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路來給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4.溫(wen)度保護：一(yi)般在智(zhi)能電池(chi)上都會用到，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)少(shao)的(de)。但往往它的(de)完美總會帶來另一(yi)方面的(de)不(bu)(bu)足。我們(men)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)檢測電池(chi)的(de)溫(wen)度來斷開總開關來保護電池(chi)本(ben)身或負載。如果是(shi)(shi)在一(yi)個恒定的(de)環境條件下，當然不(bu)(bu)會有(you)什(shen)么(me)問題。由于電池(chi)的(de)工作(zuo)環境是(shi)(shi)我們(men)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)控的(de)，太多(duo)(duo)太復(fu)雜的(de)變化，因此不(bu)(bu)好選擇。如在北方的(de)冬天(tian)，我們(men)定在多(duo)(duo)少(shao)合適?又(you)(you)如夏天(tian)的(de)南(nan)方地區，又(you)(you)定多(duo)(duo)少(shao)合適?顯(xian)然范(fan)圍太寬不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)控的(de)因素(su)太多(duo)(duo)，仁者見仁，智(zhi)者見智(zhi)的(de)去選擇了。

5.MOS保護(hu)：主要是(shi)(shi)MOS的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)流與溫度。當(dang)然(ran)就是(shi)(shi)牽扯到MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)選型(xing)了。MOS的(de)(de)耐壓(ya)當(dang)然(ran)要超過電(dian)池組的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，這是(shi)(shi)必(bi)須的(de)(de)。電(dian)流講的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)在通過額(e)定電(dian)流時MOS管(guan)體(ti)上(shang)的(de)(de)溫升(sheng)了一般不(bu)超過25度的(de)(de)溫升(sheng)，個人經驗值，只(zhi)供參考(kao)。

MOS的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)，也許會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)人會(hui)講(jiang)，我有(you)(you)(you)(you)用低(di)內阻大(da)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)MOS管(guan)，但(dan)為何(he)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)蠻高的(de)(de)溫度?這是(shi)MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)部分(fen)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)，驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)MOS要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠大(da)的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)，具(ju)體多(duo)大(da)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)電流(liu)(liu)，要(yao)根據功(gong)率MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入電容來定。因此(ci)，一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)與(yu)短(duan)路(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)都不能用芯片直(zhi)接驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)，一(yi)定要(yao)外加。在(zai)大(da)電流(liu)(liu)(超(chao)過(guo)(guo)50A)工作時(shi)，一(yi)定要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級(ji)多(duo)路(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)，才(cai)能保(bao)證(zheng)MOS的(de)(de)同一(yi)時(shi)間同一(yi)電流(liu)(liu)正常(chang)打開與(yu)關閉。因為MOS管(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個輸(shu)入電容， MOS管(guan)功(gong)率,電流(liu)(liu)越(yue)大(da)，輸(shu)入電容也就越(yue)大(da)，如果沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)，不會(hui)在(zai)短(duan)時(shi)間做(zuo)(zuo)出完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)控制。尤其是(shi)電流(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)50A時(shi)，電流(liu)(liu)設計上更要(yao)細化，一(yi)定要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)級(ji)多(duo)路(lu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)控制。這樣(yang)才(cai)能保(bao)證(zheng)MOS的(de)(de)正常(chang)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)與(yu)短(duan)路(lu)保(bao)護。

MOS電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)平衡，主要講的(de)(de)是多顆(ke)MOS并(bing)起(qi)來用時，要讓每一顆(ke)MOS管(guan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，打開與(yu)關閉時間都(dou)是一致的(de)(de)。這就要在(zai)畫(hua)板(ban)方面(mian)入(ru)手了，它們的(de)(de)輸入(ru)輸出(chu)一定要對稱(cheng)，一定要保(bao)證每一個管(guan)子通(tong)(tong)過(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是一致這才是目的(de)(de)。

6.自(zi)耗電(dian)量, 這(zhe)(zhe)個參(can)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)小(xiao)越(yue)好，最理想(xiang)的(de)狀態(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)零，但(dan)不可(ke)(ke)能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到這(zhe)(zhe)一點。就是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)人(ren)人(ren)都想(xiang)把這(zhe)(zhe)個參(can)數做(zuo)(zuo)小(xiao)，有(you)很多人(ren)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求更(geng)低(di)(di)，甚至離譜，我們想(xiang)想(xiang)，保(bao)護板上(shang)有(you)芯片，它們是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)工作的(de)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)做(zuo)(zuo)到很低(di)(di)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性呢(ni)?應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)在性能(neng)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)完(wan)全OK的(de)情況下(xia)再來(lai)考量自(zi)耗電(dian)的(de)問題。有(you)些朋友(you)也許進入了(le)誤區，自(zi)耗電(dian)分為(wei)整體的(de)自(zi)耗電(dian)和每一串的(de)自(zi)耗電(dian)。

整體自耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果在100~500uA都是沒什么問題的(de)，因為動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)本身就很大。當然電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)工具(ju)的(de)另外(wai)分析。如(ru)5AH的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)500uA，要放(fang)多久，因此對整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組來講是很微弱的(de)。

每(mei)串(chuan)自耗(hao)電(dian)才最關鍵的(de)(de)，這個也(ye)不(bu)可能(neng)為(wei)零，當(dang)然也(ye)是在性(xing)能(neng)完(wan)全可行情況下進(jin)行，但(dan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)點，每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要一(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)差別(bie)不(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)5uA。這點大(da)家應該(gai)知道，如果每(mei)一(yi)(yi)串(chuan)的(de)(de)自耗(hao)電(dian)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)，那么在長時(shi)間擱置下，電(dian)池的(de)(de)容量(liang)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)會產生(sheng)變化(hua)的(de)(de)。

7.均(jun)衡：均(jun)衡這一塊是此文(wen)章的(de)(de)(de)論述的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點。目前最通用的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡方(fang)式(shi)分(fen)為(wei)兩種(zhong)，一種(zhong)就(jiu)是耗能式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)，另一種(zhong)就(jiu)是轉能式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)。

A耗能式(shi)均衡，主要是把(ba)多串電(dian)池中某節電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)量或(huo)電(dian)壓高(gao)的(de)(de)用電(dian)阻把(ba)多余的(de)(de)電(dian)能損耗掉。它也分如(ru)下三種。

一，充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)均衡，它(ta)主要是在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)任何一顆電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)出所有(you)電(dian)池(chi)平均電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，它(ta)就(jiu)啟動均衡，無論(lun)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)什么(me)范圍，它(ta)主要是應用在(zai)(zai)智能軟件方(fang)案上。當然如何定義可以由軟件任意調(diao)整。此(ci)方(fang)案的(de)優點(dian)它(ta)能有(you)更多的(de)時(shi)(shi)間去做電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)均衡。

二，電(dian)壓定點均衡(heng)，就(jiu)是把(ba)均衡(heng)啟動定在(zai)一個電(dian)壓點上(shang)，如錳(meng)鋰電(dian)池，很(hen)多就(jiu)定在(zai)4.2V開始(shi)均衡(heng)。這種方式只是在(zai)電(dian)池充電(dian)的末端進行，所以均衡(heng)時間較短，用處可想而知。

三，靜態自動均(jun)衡，它也可(ke)(ke)以在充電(dian)的過程中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)，也可(ke)(ke)以在放電(dian)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)，更(geng)有特(te)點的是(shi)，電(dian)池在靜態擱(ge)置(zhi)時(shi)，如果電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)一致(zhi)時(shi)，它也在均(jun)衡著，直到電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)達到一致(zhi)。但有人認為，電(dian)池都沒工作了，為什么保護板還是(shi)在發熱(re)呢?

以上三種方式(shi)都以是(shi)參考電(dian)壓(ya)來實現均(jun)衡(heng)的。但是(shi)，電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)高不一(yi)定代(dai)表容量就高，也許截然相反(fan)。以下(xia)論述(shu)。

其優點就(jiu)是(shi)成本低，設計簡單，在電(dian)池電(dian)壓不(bu)一致時(shi)能起到(dao)一定的(de)作用(yong)，主要體現在電(dian)池長時(shi)間擱(ge)置自耗引(yin)起的(de)電(dian)壓不(bu)一致。理論上是(shi)有微弱的(de)可行(xing)性。

缺點，電路復(fu)雜，元(yuan)件多，溫度高，防靜電差，故障(zhang)率高。

具體探討如下。

當新單(dan)體電池(chi)分(fen)容(rong)(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)分(fen)內阻(zu)過后組成(cheng)PACK，總(zong)會(hui)有各別的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體容(rong)(rong)量(liang)偏(pian)低(di)，而往往容(rong)(rong)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那顆單(dan)體，在充(chong)電的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中電壓(ya)一定是上(shang)升最(zui)(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)是它(ta)最(zui)(zui)先到達(da)啟動均(jun)衡電壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，此時，大(da)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體還沒(mei)達(da)到電壓(ya)點而沒(mei)有啟動均(jun)衡，小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確開始均(jun)衡了(le)，這(zhe)樣每(mei)一次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)工(gong)作，這(zhe)顆小容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體一直處于飽充(chong)飽放的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)下工(gong)作，而它(ta)也(ye)是衰老最(zui)(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)，同(tong)時內阻(zu)自然也(ye)會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比其它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體增(zeng)高，從而形(xing)成(cheng)一個惡性循環(huan)。這(zhe)是一個極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端。

元件越(yue)多，故障(zhang)率自然就高了。

溫度(du)，可(ke)(ke)想(xiang)而知(zhi)，耗(hao)(hao)(hao)能式(shi)的(de)，是(shi)想(xiang)把所謂多(duo)余的(de)電量(liang)用電阻以發熱(re)的(de)形式(shi)來耗(hao)(hao)(hao)掉多(duo)余的(de)電能，它確成了名副其實發熱(re)源。而高溫對電芯本身來講(jiang)是(shi)非常致命(ming)的(de)一(yi)個相(xiang)當因素，它可(ke)(ke)能會讓(rang)電池燃燒，也可(ke)(ke)能會引起電池爆炸。本來我(wo)們是(shi)在(zai)想(xiang)盡一(yi)切辦法去減少整個電池包的(de)溫度(du)產生，而耗(hao)(hao)(hao)能均衡呢?同時它的(de)溫度(du)高得驚人，大家可(ke)(ke)以去測試一(yi)下，當然(ran)是(shi)在(zai)全封(feng)閉(bi)的(de)環境(jing)下。總的(de)來說，它是(shi)一(yi)個發熱(re)體，熱(re)是(shi)電池的(de)致命(ming)天敵(di)。

靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，我個(ge)人設計保護(hu)板(ban)時，從來不(bu)用小(xiao)功率的(de)(de)MOS管，哪怕一(yi)顆都(dou)不(bu)用。因為本人在這(zhe)一(yi)塊(kuai)吃(chi)過太多的(de)(de)虧(kui)了。就是(shi)(shi)MOS管的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)問(wen)題(ti)。先(xian)不(bu)說小(xiao)MOS在工(gong)作的(de)(de)環境，就說在生產加(jia)工(gong)PCBA貼片時，如(ru)果(guo)車(che)間的(de)(de)濕(shi)度(du)低(di)于60%，小(xiao)MOS生產出來的(de)(de)不(bu)良(liang)率都(dou)會超過10%以上(shang)(shang)，然(ran)后(hou)再(zai)濕(shi)度(du)調到80%。小(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)不(bu)良(liang)率為零。可以試試。這(zhe)要(yao)表明(ming)一(yi)個(ge)什么問(wen)題(ti)呢?如(ru)果(guo)我們的(de)(de)產品(pin)在北方(fang)的(de)(de)冬(dong)天，小(xiao)MOS是(shi)(shi)否能通過，這(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)時間來驗證的(de)(de)。再(zai)有(you)，MOS管的(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)只有(you)短路(lu)，如(ru)果(guo)短路(lu)那可想而知，就意味著(zhu)這(zhe)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)池馬上(shang)(shang)要(yao)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)。更何況我們的(de)(de)均衡(heng)(heng)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)小(xiao)MOS用得還不(bu)少呢。這(zhe)時有(you)人會恍然(ran)，難(nan)怪退(tui)回來的(de)(de)貨(huo)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因為均衡(heng)(heng)壞(huai)(huai)掉(diao)而引(yin)起單體電(dian)(dian)池損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)，而且都(dou)是(shi)(shi)MOS壞(huai)(huai)掉(diao)了。這(zhe)時電(dian)(dian)芯廠(chang)與保護(hu)板(ban)廠(chang)開始扯皮了。是(shi)(shi)誰(shui)的(de)(de)錯呢?

B能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)移式均衡(heng)(heng)，它(ta)是(shi)讓(rang)大容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以(yi)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式轉(zhuan)移到(dao)小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，聽(ting)起來(lai)感覺很智能(neng)很實用。它(ta)也(ye)分容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)均衡(heng)(heng)與(yu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)定點(dian)均衡(heng)(heng)。它(ta)是(shi)以(yi)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)來(lai)做均衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)好像沒(mei)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。可以(yi)想想，以(yi)10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)為(wei)例(li)，假如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中有一(yi)顆(ke)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)在10.1AH，一(yi)顆(ke)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在9.8AH，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)2A，能(neng)量(liang)均衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)0.5A。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)要給小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就是(shi)2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)是(shi)補進去了，可是(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會是(shi)多少呢?顯然(ran)會比其它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上升得更快，如果到(dao)了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末端(duan)，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定會大大提前(qian)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)保(bao)護，在每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直處在深充(chong)(chong)(chong)深放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。而(er)其它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)否(fou)有充(chong)(chong)(chong)飽，不(bu)確定因素(su)太多。微弱(ruo)直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)就小(xiao)分析(xi)到(dao)這(zhe)，分析(xi)太多怕(pa)不(bu)知所云。

其它相關

如果(guo)堅(jian)持要用(yong)(yong)到(dao)均衡功能(neng)的(de)人，我(wo)可以(yi)斷(duan)定此人沒(mei)有(you)大批(pi)量生產動力(li)電池保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)或PACK的(de)經(jing)驗。如果(guo)有(you)大批(pi)量生產過，他(ta)一定會在均衡上吃不(bu)少的(de)虧(kui)。個(ge)人認(ren)為，均衡利用(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)來實現，有(you)點滑稽。因為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)就是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)，它只做電池在最極端的(de)時(shi)候(hou)起(qi)到(dao)有(you)效的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，它沒(mei)有(you)能(neng)力(li)去(qu)把電池的(de)性能(neng)提(ti)高，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)(ban)只是一個(ge)被動部分，難道家(jia)里的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)絲或保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)開關能(neng)提(ti)高家(jia)里的(de)電量？當然不(bu)可能(neng)。它只起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

電芯

電(dian)(dian)芯才是(shi)主動(dong)(dong)器件,我們要提高的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯上的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)與技術,主要是(shi)一致性(xing)。再說均(jun)衡(heng)做(zuo)在(zai)保護板上，不管是(shi)從理論上還是(shi)實際應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，它有(you)弊有(you)利，但在(zai)理論上，均(jun)衡(heng)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但用(yong)(yong)(yong)處多(duo)大，顯(xian)然可見。為(wei)何？因為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)一般都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)2~10A的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而均(jun)衡(heng)我們最多(duo)只(zhi)能(neng)做(zuo)到200mA。這個(ge)差別太(tai)多(duo)，同時有(you)些均(jun)衡(heng)方案是(shi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)末端啟動(dong)(dong)，更顯(xian)得于事無(wu)補啊。而它有(you)弊端的(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)，太(tai)多(duo)太(tai)多(duo)。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸出(chu)負(fu)極(ji)、充電(dian)負(fu)極(ji)、電(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)、必須按順(shun)序接(jie)線，不要反(fan)接(jie)線路以免燒壞電(dian)路元件

2、充電線(xian)，放電線(xian)，電池負極。盡量用粗線(xian)，否則會通不(bu)過(guo)大電流，會起到過(guo)流保護，造成電路不(bu)工作

3、電池正(zheng)極輸(shu)出不用經過保護電路，直(zhi)接連接輸(shu)出。