手機鋰電池保護板

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板(ban)，顧名思(si)義鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護板(ban)主要是針對(dui)可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（一(yi)般指鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）起(qi)保(bao)護作用的集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)。 鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（可充(chong)型）之(zhi)所以需要保(bao)護，是由它本(ben)身(shen)(shen)特性決定的。由于(yu)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)的材料(liao)決定了(le)它不能(neng)被過充(chong)、過放、過流、短路(lu)及超高(gao)溫(wen)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件總(zong)會跟著一(yi)塊帶(dai)采樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的保(bao)護板(ban)和(he)一(yi)片電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保(bao)險器出現。

定義

鋰電(dian)池的(de)(de)保護功(gong)能(neng)通常由(you)保護電(dian)路(lu)(lu)板和PTC或(huo)TCO等電(dian)流(liu)器件協同完成，保護板是由(you)電(dian)子電(dian)路(lu)(lu)組成，在-40℃至+85℃的(de)(de)環(huan)境下時刻準確(que)的(de)(de)監(jian)視電(dian)芯的(de)(de)電(dian)壓和充放回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)，即(ji)時控制電(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通斷；PTC或(huo)TCO在高溫(wen)環(huan)境下防止電(dian)池發生惡劣的(de)(de)損壞(huai)。

保護板通常包括控(kong)制(zhi)IC、MOS開(kai)關、JEPSUN捷比(bi)信精密電阻及輔助器件(jian)NTC、ID存儲器,PCB等。其(qi)中控(kong)制(zhi)IC，在一切(qie)正(zheng)常的情(qing)況下控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)關導通，使(shi)電芯(xin)與外電路溝(gou)通，而當電芯(xin)電壓或回(hui)路電流超過規定值時(shi)，它立刻（數十毫秒）控(kong)制(zhi)MOS開(kai)關關斷，保護電芯(xin)的安(an)全。

NTC是Negative temperature coefficient的(de)縮寫，意即負溫度(du)系(xi)數(shu)，在環境溫度(du)升高時(shi)，其阻值降低，使用電(dian)設備(bei)或充電(dian)設備(bei)及時(shi)反應、控(kong)制內部(bu)中斷而停止充放(fang)電(dian)。

ID存(cun)儲(chu)器常為單線接口存(cun)儲(chu)器，ID是Identification 的(de)縮寫即(ji)身份識別的(de)意(yi)思，存(cun)儲(chu)電池種類、生產日期等信息。可(ke)(ke)起到(dao)產品的(de)可(ke)(ke)追溯和應(ying)用的(de)限制(zhi)。

PTC是英文Positive Temperature Coefficient的(de)縮寫(xie)，意思是正(zheng)溫度系數(shu)。專(zhuan)業里面通常(chang)把正(zheng)溫度系數(shu)器件簡(jian)稱為PTC，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)產品里PTC可以防止電(dian)(dian)池(chi)高(gao)溫放電(dian)(dian)和(he)不安全的(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)發生，根據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流密度特性和(he)應用(yong)環境，對PTC有專(zhuan)門的(de)要求。

PTC是(shi)電池(chi)組件(jian)產品里(li)一個非常重要(yao)的(de)部件(jian)，對電池(chi)的(de)安(an)全擔負著重要(yao)使命，它本(ben)身的(de)性能(neng)和(he)品質也(ye)是(shi)電池(chi)組性能(neng)和(he)品質的(de)一個重要(yao)因(yin)數。

保護(hu)板對(dui)(dui)單一電(dian)(dian)芯保護(hu)時(shi)，保護(hu)板設(she)計(ji)會(hui)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)簡單，技術(shu)性較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方在(zai)于，比如(ru)對(dui)(dui)動力電(dian)(dian)池保護(hu)板設(she)計(ji)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓平(ping)臺問題(ti)，動力電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)使用(yong)中(zhong)往往被要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)臺電(dian)(dian)壓，所以設(she)計(ji)保護(hu)板時(shi)盡(jin)量使保護(hu)板不影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)芯放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，這樣(yang)對(dui)(dui)控制IC，精(jing)密(mi)電(dian)(dian)阻等元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)就會(hui)很高(gao)，一般國產IC能滿足(zu)大多數產品(pin)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，特殊(shu)可以采(cai)用(yong)進口(kou)產品(pin)，電(dian)(dian)流采(cai)樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)阻則需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)JEPSUN捷比信電(dian)(dian)阻，以滿足(zu)高(gao)精(jing)密(mi)度，低溫度系數，無感等要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對(dui)(dui)多電(dian)(dian)芯保護(hu)板設(she)計(ji)，則有更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，按(an)照(zhao)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)，設(she)計(ji)復雜程度各不相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)。

鋰電池保護板功能

1、過充(chong)保護　2、過放(fang)保護　3、過流、短(duan)路保護

手機電池啟動保護后的解決方法（來源于網絡）：

1、用原配的(de)直沖(chong)在手機(ji)上(shang)直接充(chong)電(dian)，會把電(dian)池保護板的(de)保護電(dian)路自動(dong)沖(chong)開。

2、把電(dian)(dian)池的(de)正負極瞬(shun)間短(duan)路，看到(dao)電(dian)(dian)極片上(shang)有(you)火(huo)花(hua)就行了，多試幾次，然后再用直(zhi)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

3、找個(ge)5V的直流電(dian)，用正負極(ji)輕觸電(dian)池的正負極(ji)，多試幾次，再用原充電(dian)器充。

原理

電池保護板工作原理

鋰電池保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)根據使用IC,電壓(ya)等不同而電路及參數有(you)所(suo)不同,常用的保(bao)護(hu)IC有(you)8261，DW01+，CS213，GEM5018等，其中(zhong)精(jing)工的8261系(xi)列精(jing)度更好(hao)，當然價錢也更貴。后面幾種(zhong)都是臺灣(wan)出的，國內(nei)次(ci)級市場基本(ben)都用DW01+和(he)CS213了，下面以(yi)DW01+ 配MOS管(guan)8205A（8pin）進行講解：

鋰電池保護板其正常工作過程為：

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在2.5V至4.3V之間時，DW01 的(de)第1腳(jiao)、第3腳(jiao)均輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(等(deng)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))，第二腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為0V。此時DW01 的(de)第1腳(jiao) 、第3腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將分(fen)別(bie)加(jia)到(dao)8205A的(de)第5、4腳(jiao)，8205A內的(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關因其G極接到(dao)來自(zi)DW01 的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，故均處(chu)于(yu)導通狀態(tai)，即兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關均處(chu)于(yu)開(kai)狀態(tai)。此時電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)負極與(yu)保護板的(de)P-端相當于(yu)直接連通，保護板有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸出。

保護板過放電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)通(tong)過(guo)外(wai)接(jie)(jie)的負載進(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)將(jiang)(jiang)慢慢降低，同時(shi)DW01 內(nei)(nei)部將(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)R1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降到(dao)約2.3V時(shi)DW01 將(jiang)(jiang)認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)已(yi)處(chu)于過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)狀(zhuang)態，便立即(ji)斷(duan)開(kai)第(di)(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)第(di)(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為0V，8205A內(nei)(nei)的開(kai)關管因第(di)(di)(di)5腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而關閉(bi)。此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的B-與保護(hu)板(ban)的P-之間(jian)處(chu)于斷(duan)開(kai)狀(zhuang)態。即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路被切(qie)斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保護(hu)板(ban)處(chu)于過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態并(bing)一直保持。等到(dao)保護(hu)板(ban)的P 與P-間(jian)接(jie)(jie)上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)，DW01 經(jing)(jing)B-檢測到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)便立即(ji)停(ting)止過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，重新在第(di)(di)(di)1腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)8205A內(nei)(nei)的過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管導通(tong)，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的B-與保護(hu)板(ban)的P-又重新接(jie)(jie)上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)經(jing)(jing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器直接(jie)(jie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

保護板過充電保護控制原理：

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通(tong)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)常(chang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓將越(yue)來越(yue)高，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高到4.4V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，DW01 將認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓已(yi)處于(yu)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，便立即斷(duan)開(kai)第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變為0V，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)因第(di)4腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而(er)關(guan)閉。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P-之間處于(yu)斷(duan)開(kai)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)被切斷(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)將停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)處于(yu)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態并一直保(bao)(bao)持(chi)。等到保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)P 與P-間接上放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載后(hou)，因此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雖然過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)關(guan)閉,但其內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)二極管(guan)(guan)正(zheng)方(fang)向與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向相同,故放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)可以進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓被放(fang)(fang)到低于(yu)4.3V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，DW01 停(ting)止(zhi)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態重新(xin)在第(di)3腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)輸出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)(guan)導通(tong)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)B-與保(bao)(bao)護板(ban)P-又重新(xin)接上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)又能進行正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian).

保護板短路保護控制原理：

在保護板(ban)對外放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中，8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)并(bing)不完全(quan)等效于(yu)兩個(ge)機械開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而是(shi)(shi)等效于(yu)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，并(bing)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)， 每(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)約為(wei)(wei)30mU 03a9共約為(wei)(wei)60mU 03a9，加在G極上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)直接控制每(mei)個(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)當(dang)G極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大于(yu)1V時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)很小(xiao)(xiao)(幾(ji)十(shi)毫歐)，相當(dang)于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉合，當(dang)G極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)0.7V以下(xia)時，開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)很大(幾(ji)MΩ)，相當(dang)于(yu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓UA就是(shi)(shi)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)內阻(zu)(zu)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增大則UA必然增大,因(yin)UA0.006L×IUA又稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)8205A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)壓降(jiang)，UA可以簡接表明(ming)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)。上(shang)升到(dao)(dao)0.2V時便(bian)認為(wei)(wei)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)到(dao)(dao)達了極限值，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)停(ting)止(zhi)第1腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)第1腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變為(wei)(wei)0V、8205A內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)閉，切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路，將關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)斷(duan)(duan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制管(guan)。換言之DW01 允許輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)3.3A，實(shi)現了過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保護。

短路保護控制過程:

短路保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)是過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)一種極限形式(shi)，其控制過(guo)程及(ji)原理與過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)一樣，短路只(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)在(zai)(zai)P P-間加上(shang)一個阻值(zhi)小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(約為0Ω)使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)瞬時(shi)達到10A以上(shang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板立即進行過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

發展前景

由于近(jin)(jin)幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)速發(fa)展(zhan)，無論是(shi)生(sheng)產工藝還是(shi)材料技術(shu)改進上，或價格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，都有(you)相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破，因此(ci)它(ta)也為(wei)多并多串打下堅實的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。替代鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代越來越近(jin)(jin)。無論電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行車還是(shi)后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場占(zhan)有(you)率自(zi)然也開(kai)始瘋狂(kuang)擴大(da)，這是(shi)不可(ke)否認的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實。那(nei)么，為(wei)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全與壽(shou)命，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)護自(zi)然也少不了，此(ci)時保(bao)護板在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)內也是(shi)一(yi)個非(fei)常核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)部件之一(yi)。

理(li)論(lun)上來講(jiang)，動力多(duo)串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板已(yi)經(jing)沒有(you)太多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)技術含量了(le)，比(bi)如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路與(yu)(yu)軟件處理(li)，有(you)太多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)選擇。其主要(yao)是(shi)把保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)部分如(ru)(ru)何做到(dao)穩定(ding)，可靠，更(geng)安(an)全，更(geng)實用，當然價格(ge)也(ye)是(shi)其中(zhong)之一(yi)(yi)。想要(yao)真正的(de)(de)(de)想把它做好，那是(shi)一(yi)(yi)件非常復雜細(xi)心(xin)而又漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)回(hui)工作(zuo)。如(ru)(ru)果要(yao)按經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)技術值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)比(bi)比(bi)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)，技術只占(zhan)20% 。經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)要(yao)占(zhan)到(dao)80% 。做好動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板沒有(you)個(ge)三(san)五年的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，還是(shi)有(you)困難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)。當然做好與(yu)(yu)能做是(shi)兩回(hui)事。為(wei)什(shen)么(me)會有(you)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)結論(lun)呢?這(zhe)是(shi)有(you)依(yi)據的(de)(de)(de)。說實話(hua)(hua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)方案電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路并不(bu)復雜，只要(yao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)行業(ye)工作(zuo)了(le)一(yi)(yi)兩年，設計個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路與(yu)(yu)抄(chao)襲(xi)人家一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路不(bu)是(shi)什(shen)么(me)難(nan)事。比(bi)如(ru)(ru)：多(duo)串動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)他(ta)主要(yao)是(shi)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，高(gao)內(nei)阻工作(zuo)(微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包工作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)考量等等，這(zhe)都牽扯到(dao)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)專業(ye)綜(zong)合經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。大到(dao)要(yao)對(dui)整個(ge)PACK的(de)(de)(de)了(le)解(jie)，小到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容或(huo)晶體管的(de)(de)(de)選型,或(huo)是(shi)布(bu)板時的(de)(de)(de)注意細(xi)節。總的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)句話(hua)(hua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)板主要(yao)是(shi)穩定(ding)，可靠，安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)正常安(an)全使用或(huo)使用得(de)更(geng)久，其它添加的(de)(de)(de)特有(you)技術與(yu)(yu)功能，都是(shi)浮云。

主要作用

1.電壓保護：過充(chong)，過放(fang)，這要(yao)根據電池的(de)材料不同(tong)而有所(suo)改變，這點(dian)看(kan)似簡單(dan)，但要(yao)細(xi)節上來看(kan)，還是有經驗學(xue)問(wen)的(de)。

過充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，在我們以(yi)(yi)往的(de)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都會高(gao)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)50~150mV。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不一樣，如(ru)果你(ni)要(yao)想延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)，你(ni)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)飽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，甚至還(huan)要(yao)比(bi)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還(huan)低些。比(bi)如(ru)錳鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)4.18V~4.2V。因(yin)為(wei)它是(shi)(shi)(shi)多串數(shu)的(de)，整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)壽命(ming)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量最低的(de)那顆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)(yi)準，小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)在大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作(zuo)，所以(yi)(yi)衰減加(jia)快。而(er)大(da)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量每次都是(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，自然衰減要(yao)慢得多了。為(wei)了讓小容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)充(chong)輕(qing)放，所以(yi)(yi)過充(chong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點不要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)太高(gao)。這個(ge)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)延時可(ke)以(yi)(yi)做到1S,防止脈沖的(de)影響從而(er)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

過放保護，也是與電池的材料有關(guan)，如錳(meng)鋰電(dian)池(chi)一般選擇在2.8V~3.0V。盡量要比(bi)它單(dan)顆電(dian)池(chi)過放的(de)電(dian)壓稍(shao)高點(dian)。因(yin)為(wei)，在國內生產的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓低于3.3V后，各顆電(dian)池(chi)的(de)放電(dian)特性完(wan)全不一，因(yin)此是提前保(bao)護電(dian)池(chi)，這樣對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命是一個很好的(de)保(bao)護。

總的一(yi)點就是(shi)盡(jin)量讓每一(yi)顆電池都工作(zuo)在輕充輕放下工作(zuo)，一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)對電池的壽命(ming)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)幫助。

過放保護延滯(zhi)時間(jian)，它要根據負載(zai)的不同(tong)而有所改變，比(bi)如電動(dong)工具類的，他(ta)的啟動(dong)電流一般(ban)都在10C以上，因(yin)此(ci)會在短時間(jian)內把電池的電壓拉到過放電壓點(dian)從而保護。此(ci)時無法讓(rang)電池工作。這是值得注(zhu)意的地方。

2.電流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)：它主(zhu)要體現在工作電流(liu)與過電流(liu)使開關MOS斷開從而保(bao)護(hu)電池組或負載。

MOS管的(de)損壞主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)度急(ji)劇升高(gao)，它的(de)發熱也(ye)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)及 本身(shen)的(de)內阻(zu)來決定(ding)的(de)，當(dang)然小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，對(dui)MOS沒什么影響(xiang)，但是(shi)(shi)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)呢，這個就要(yao)(yao)好好做些處理了， 在通(tong)過額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)10A以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，我們可以(yi)(yi)直接用電(dian)(dian)壓來驅動MOS管。大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，一定(ding)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)驅動，給MOS足夠大(da)的(de)驅動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。以(yi)(yi)下(xia)在MOS管驅動有講(jiang)到(dao)

工作電(dian)流(liu)，在(zai)設(she)計的(de)時候，MOS管上不能(neng)存在(zai)超過0.3W的(de)功率(lv)(lv)。計算(suan)工式：I2*R/N。R為MOS的(de)內阻，N為MOS的(de)數量。如果功率(lv)(lv)超過，MOS會(hui)產生(sheng)25度以上的(de)溫升，又因它們(men)都是(shi)(shi)密(mi)封的(de),就算(suan)有散熱(re)片，長(chang)時間工作時，溫度還(huan)是(shi)(shi)會(hui)上去，因為他沒地方可散熱(re)。當然MOS管是(shi)(shi)沒任(ren)何(he)問題(ti)，問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)他產生(sheng)熱(re)量會(hui)影響到電(dian)池，畢竟保護板是(shi)(shi)與電(dian)池放在(zai)一起的(de)。

過流(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(最(zui)大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu))，此項是保護板必不(bu)可少的(de)，非常(chang)關鍵的(de)一(yi)個保護參數。保護電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)大小(xiao)與MOS的(de)功率息息相(xiang)關，因此在設計時，要盡量(liang)給出MOS能(neng)力的(de)余(yu)量(liang)。在布板的(de)時候，電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)(ce)點一(yi)定要選好位(wei)置(zhi)，不(bu)能(neng)只接(jie)通就行，這需要經驗值。一(yi)般建(jian)議接(jie)在檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)阻的(de)中間(jian)端。還要注意電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測(ce)(ce)端的(de)干擾問(wen)題(ti)，因為它的(de)信號很容易受到干擾。

過(guo)流保(bao)護延時，它也是要根(gen)不同的產品(pin)做相應的調整(zheng)。在此(ci)不多說了。

3.短路(lu)保護：嚴格(ge)來講(jiang)(jiang)，他是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個電壓比較型的保護，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)講(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)電壓的比較直接(jie)關斷或(huo)驅(qu)動的，不要經過多(duo)余的處理(li)。

短路延時(shi)(shi)的設置也(ye)很(hen)關鍵，因為在我們的產品中，輸入濾波(bo)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)都(dou)是很(hen)大的，在接(jie)觸時(shi)(shi)第一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間給電(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)，此時(shi)(shi)就相(xiang)當于電(dian)池(chi)短路來(lai)給電(dian)容(rong)(rong)充電(dian)。

4.溫度(du)保護(hu)：一般在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)上都(dou)會用到，也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可少(shao)的(de)(de)。但往往它的(de)(de)完美總會帶來另一方(fang)面的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。我們主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)檢測電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫度(du)來斷開總開關來保護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)本身或負(fu)載(zai)。如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)在(zai)一個恒定(ding)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)條件下，當(dang)然不(bu)(bu)會有什么(me)問題。由于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)工作環(huan)境(jing)是(shi)(shi)我們不(bu)(bu)可控的(de)(de)，太(tai)多(duo)太(tai)復雜的(de)(de)變化(hua)，因(yin)此不(bu)(bu)好選擇。如(ru)在(zai)北方(fang)的(de)(de)冬天(tian)，我們定(ding)在(zai)多(duo)少(shao)合適(shi)?又(you)如(ru)夏天(tian)的(de)(de)南方(fang)地區(qu)，又(you)定(ding)多(duo)少(shao)合適(shi)?顯(xian)然范圍太(tai)寬不(bu)(bu)可控的(de)(de)因(yin)素太(tai)多(duo)，仁者見仁，智(zhi)者見智(zhi)的(de)(de)去選擇了。

5.MOS保護(hu)：主要是(shi)MOS的(de)(de)電壓，電流與溫(wen)度(du)(du)。當然(ran)就是(shi)牽扯到(dao)MOS管的(de)(de)選(xuan)型了。MOS的(de)(de)耐(nai)壓當然(ran)要超過電池組的(de)(de)電壓，這是(shi)必須(xu)的(de)(de)。電流講的(de)(de)是(shi)在通過額(e)定電流時MOS管體(ti)上的(de)(de)溫(wen)升(sheng)了一般不超過25度(du)(du)的(de)(de)溫(wen)升(sheng)，個(ge)人經(jing)驗值(zhi)，只供(gong)參(can)考。

MOS的驅(qu)(qu)動，也(ye)許會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的人(ren)會(hui)講，我有(you)(you)(you)(you)用低內(nei)阻大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的MOS管(guan)，但為何還有(you)(you)(you)(you)蠻高(gao)的溫度?這(zhe)是MOS管(guan)的驅(qu)(qu)動部(bu)分沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)做(zuo)(zuo)好，驅(qu)(qu)動MOS要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，具體(ti)多(duo)(duo)大(da)的驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，要(yao)根據功(gong)(gong)率(lv)MOS管(guan)的輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容來定。因此(ci)，一般的過(guo)流(liu)與短路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)動都不能(neng)(neng)用芯片直接驅(qu)(qu)動，一定要(yao)外(wai)加。在(zai)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(超過(guo)50A)工作時(shi)(shi)，一定要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)(duo)級多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)動，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證MOS的同一時(shi)(shi)間同一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)正常(chang)打開與關(guan)閉。因為MOS管(guan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一個輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容， MOS管(guan)功(gong)(gong)率(lv),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)，輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容也(ye)就越大(da)，如果沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)足夠的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，不會(hui)在(zai)短時(shi)(shi)間做(zuo)(zuo)出完整的控(kong)制(zhi)。尤其是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)50A時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)設計上更(geng)要(yao)細化，一定要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到多(duo)(duo)級多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)驅(qu)(qu)動控(kong)制(zhi)。這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)證MOS的正常(chang)過(guo)流(liu)與短路(lu)(lu)保(bao)護(hu)。

MOS電流(liu)(liu)平衡，主(zhu)要講的(de)是多顆(ke)MOS并(bing)起(qi)來用(yong)時(shi)，要讓每(mei)一(yi)顆(ke)MOS管通過(guo)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)，打開與關閉時(shi)間都(dou)是一(yi)致的(de)。這就(jiu)要在畫板方面入手了(le)，它(ta)們的(de)輸入輸出一(yi)定(ding)要對稱(cheng)，一(yi)定(ding)要保證每(mei)一(yi)個管子通過(guo)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)是一(yi)致這才(cai)是目(mu)的(de)。

6.自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電量, 這個(ge)參(can)數(shu)是越(yue)小越(yue)好(hao)，最(zui)理想(xiang)的(de)狀態是為(wei)零，但(dan)不可(ke)能做(zuo)到這一點(dian)。就是因為(wei)人(ren)人(ren)都想(xiang)把這個(ge)參(can)數(shu)做(zuo)小，有(you)很多(duo)人(ren)的(de)要求(qiu)更低，甚至(zhi)離譜，我們想(xiang)想(xiang)，保護(hu)板上(shang)有(you)芯片，它們是要工作的(de)，可(ke)以做(zuo)到很低，但(dan)是可(ke)靠性呢?應該(gai)是在性能可(ke)靠完全OK的(de)情況下再來考(kao)量自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電的(de)問題。有(you)些(xie)朋(peng)友(you)也許進入了誤區，自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電分為(wei)整體的(de)自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電和每一串的(de)自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)電。

整(zheng)體自(zi)耗電，如果在(zai)100~500uA都是沒什么問題的，因(yin)為動力電池(chi)的容量本(ben)身就很大。當然電動工具的另(ling)外分析。如5AH的電池(chi)，放電500uA，要(yao)放多久，因(yin)此對整(zheng)個(ge)電池(chi)組來講是很微弱的。

每串自(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)才最關鍵的(de)(de)，這(zhe)個也不可能為零，當(dang)然也是在性能完全可行情況下進行，但有一(yi)(yi)(yi)點，每一(yi)(yi)(yi)串的(de)(de)自(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般每一(yi)(yi)(yi)串的(de)(de)差(cha)別不能超(chao)過5uA。這(zhe)點大(da)家應該(gai)知(zhi)道(dao)，如果每一(yi)(yi)(yi)串的(de)(de)自(zi)耗(hao)電(dian)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)，那么在長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間擱置(zhi)下，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)會(hui)產生變化的(de)(de)。

7.均(jun)衡(heng)：均(jun)衡(heng)這一塊是此文章的(de)(de)論(lun)述的(de)(de)重(zhong)點。目(mu)前最通用的(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)方式分為兩種，一種就(jiu)是耗能(neng)式的(de)(de)，另一種就(jiu)是轉(zhuan)能(neng)式的(de)(de)。

A耗能式均衡，主要是把多(duo)串電(dian)池中某節電(dian)池的電(dian)量或(huo)電(dian)壓高的用電(dian)阻把多(duo)余的電(dian)能損耗掉。它也(ye)分如下三種。

一(yi)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時時均(jun)衡，它主要是(shi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時任(ren)何一(yi)顆(ke)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高出(chu)所(suo)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)平均(jun)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，它就啟動均(jun)衡，無(wu)論電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在什么(me)范(fan)圍，它主要是(shi)應用在智(zhi)能(neng)軟(ruan)件方案(an)上。當然如(ru)何定義可以由(you)軟(ruan)件任(ren)意(yi)調整。此方案(an)的(de)優點它能(neng)有(you)(you)更多的(de)時間去做(zuo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均(jun)衡。

二，電(dian)壓定(ding)(ding)點均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)，就是把均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)啟(qi)動(dong)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)一個電(dian)壓點上，如錳鋰電(dian)池，很多就定(ding)(ding)在(zai)4.2V開始均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)。這種方(fang)式只是在(zai)電(dian)池充電(dian)的(de)末端進行，所以均(jun)(jun)(jun)衡(heng)時間(jian)較(jiao)短，用處可想而知。

三，靜態(tai)自動均衡，它也可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)的過程中進(jin)行，也可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)放電(dian)時進(jin)行，更(geng)有特點(dian)的是，電(dian)池在(zai)靜態(tai)擱置(zhi)時，如(ru)果電(dian)壓(ya)不一(yi)致時，它也在(zai)均衡著，直到電(dian)池的電(dian)壓(ya)達到一(yi)致。但有人認(ren)為，電(dian)池都沒工作了，為什么保護板(ban)還是在(zai)發(fa)熱(re)呢?

以上三種方式(shi)都以是參考電壓來實現均衡的。但是，電池電壓高不一(yi)定代表容量就(jiu)高，也(ye)許截然相反(fan)。以下論述(shu)。

其(qi)優點就是成本低，設計簡(jian)單，在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓不一(yi)(yi)致時(shi)能起(qi)到一(yi)(yi)定的(de)作用，主要體現在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長時(shi)間擱置自耗(hao)引起(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓不一(yi)(yi)致。理論(lun)上是有微弱的(de)可行性。

缺(que)點，電路復雜(za)，元件多，溫(wen)度高(gao)，防靜電差，故障率高(gao)。

具體探討如下。

當新(xin)單體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)分容分壓(ya)分內阻(zu)(zu)過(guo)后組成PACK，總會有(you)(you)各別的(de)(de)單體(ti)容量(liang)(liang)偏(pian)低，而(er)(er)往(wang)往(wang)容量(liang)(liang)最(zui)低的(de)(de)那(nei)顆單體(ti)，在充電(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中電(dian)壓(ya)一(yi)定(ding)是上升最(zui)快(kuai)的(de)(de)，也(ye)(ye)是它(ta)最(zui)先到達啟動(dong)均衡(heng)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)，此時(shi)(shi)，大容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單體(ti)還沒(mei)達到電(dian)壓(ya)點而(er)(er)沒(mei)有(you)(you)啟動(dong)均衡(heng)，小(xiao)(xiao)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)確(que)開始均衡(heng)了，這樣每一(yi)次的(de)(de)循環(huan)工(gong)作(zuo)，這顆小(xiao)(xiao)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)單體(ti)一(yi)直處于飽充飽放的(de)(de)狀態下工(gong)作(zuo)，而(er)(er)它(ta)也(ye)(ye)是衰老最(zui)快(kuai)的(de)(de)，同時(shi)(shi)內阻(zu)(zu)自然也(ye)(ye)會慢慢的(de)(de)比其它(ta)的(de)(de)單體(ti)增高，從而(er)(er)形成一(yi)個惡性循環(huan)。這是一(yi)個極大的(de)(de)弊端。

元件越多，故障(zhang)率自(zi)然就高了。

溫(wen)(wen)度，可想而(er)(er)知，耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)式(shi)的，是想把所(suo)謂多余(yu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以發(fa)熱的形式(shi)來(lai)耗掉多余(yu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，它確成了(le)名副其實發(fa)熱源。而(er)(er)高溫(wen)(wen)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)本身來(lai)講是非常(chang)致命(ming)的一個相(xiang)當因素，它可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)燃燒，也可能(neng)(neng)(neng)會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆炸(zha)。本來(lai)我們是在想盡一切辦法去減(jian)少整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)的溫(wen)(wen)度產(chan)生，而(er)(er)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)均衡呢(ni)?同時它的溫(wen)(wen)度高得驚人，大家可以去測試一下，當然是在全封閉的環(huan)境下。總的來(lai)說(shuo)，它是一個發(fa)熱體，熱是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的致命(ming)天(tian)敵。

靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，我(wo)個(ge)人(ren)設計保護(hu)板時，從來(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功率(lv)的(de)(de)MOS管(guan)，哪怕一(yi)(yi)顆都不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)。因為本人(ren)在這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)塊吃過太多的(de)(de)虧了。就(jiu)是MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)問題。先不(bu)(bu)(bu)說(shuo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS在工作的(de)(de)環(huan)境，就(jiu)說(shuo)在生(sheng)產(chan)加工PCBA貼片時，如果車間(jian)的(de)(de)濕度低于60%，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良率(lv)都會(hui)超過10%以上(shang)，然后(hou)再濕度調到(dao)80%。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良率(lv)為零。可以試(shi)試(shi)。這(zhe)要表明(ming)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)什么問題呢?如果我(wo)們的(de)(de)產(chan)品在北方(fang)的(de)(de)冬(dong)天(tian)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS是否能通過，這(zhe)需要時間(jian)來(lai)(lai)驗證的(de)(de)。再有(you)，MOS管(guan)的(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)只(zhi)有(you)短路(lu)，如果短路(lu)那可想(xiang)而(er)知，就(jiu)意(yi)味著(zhu)這(zhe)組電(dian)(dian)池(chi)馬上(shang)要損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)。更何況我(wo)們的(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)上(shang)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)MOS用(yong)(yong)得還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)呢。這(zhe)時有(you)人(ren)會(hui)恍(huang)然，難怪退(tui)回(hui)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)貨，都是因為均(jun)衡(heng)壞(huai)(huai)掉(diao)而(er)引起單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)損(sun)壞(huai)(huai)，而(er)且都是MOS壞(huai)(huai)掉(diao)了。這(zhe)時電(dian)(dian)芯廠與保護(hu)板廠開始扯皮(pi)了。是誰(shui)的(de)(de)錯呢?

B能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)轉移(yi)(yi)式(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)，它是(shi)(shi)讓大(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以儲能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)轉移(yi)(yi)到小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，聽起來(lai)感覺很(hen)智能(neng)很(hen)實(shi)用。它也分(fen)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)與容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)定點均(jun)衡(heng)。它是(shi)(shi)以檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)做(zuo)均(jun)衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)好像(xiang)沒(mei)考(kao)慮(lv)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。可以想想，以10AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組為(wei)(wei)例，假如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中有(you)一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)10.1AH，一(yi)顆容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)9.8AH，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)2A，能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)衡(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)0.5A。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)10.1AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)給小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)2A+0.5A=2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)2.5A，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)補(bu)進去了，可是(shi)(shi)9.8AH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會是(shi)(shi)多少呢?顯(xian)然(ran)會比其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升得更快，如(ru)果到了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)端，9.8AH的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)定會大(da)大(da)提前(qian)過充保護(hu)，在(zai)每一(yi)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，小容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)直處在(zai)深充深放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。而(er)其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)否有(you)充飽，不確定因素太多。微(wei)弱(ruo)直觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)小分(fen)析到這(zhe)，分(fen)析太多怕不知所云。

其它相關

如果堅持(chi)要用到(dao)(dao)均衡功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)人，我(wo)可以斷定此人沒有(you)(you)大批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)產動力(li)電(dian)池保(bao)護板(ban)或PACK的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗。如果有(you)(you)大批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)產過，他(ta)一定會在均衡上吃不少的(de)(de)(de)虧。個(ge)人認為，均衡利用保(bao)護板(ban)來實現，有(you)(you)點(dian)滑稽。因為保(bao)護板(ban)就是(shi)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)，它只做(zuo)電(dian)池在最極端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)時候起到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護作(zuo)用，它沒有(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)力(li)去把電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)提高，保(bao)護板(ban)只是(shi)一個(ge)被動部分，難(nan)道家(jia)里的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護絲或保(bao)護開關能(neng)(neng)提高家(jia)里的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)？當然(ran)不可能(neng)(neng)。它只起到(dao)(dao)保(bao)護作(zuo)用。

電芯

電芯(xin)才是主動器件,我們要提高的(de)(de)是電芯(xin)上(shang)的(de)(de)性(xing)能與技(ji)術,主要是一(yi)致性(xing)。再說均衡(heng)做(zuo)在(zai)保護(hu)板上(shang)，不管是從理論上(shang)還是實際應用(yong)(yong)中，它有弊有利，但在(zai)理論上(shang)，均衡(heng)有一(yi)定的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，但用(yong)(yong)處多大，顯然(ran)可見(jian)。為何？因為充(chong)電一(yi)般都是在(zai)2~10A的(de)(de)電流，而均衡(heng)我們最多只能做(zuo)到200mA。這個差別太(tai)多，同時有些均衡(heng)方案是在(zai)充(chong)電電壓的(de)(de)末端啟(qi)動，更顯得于事無補啊。而它有弊端的(de)(de)一(yi)面，太(tai)多太(tai)多。

端口

VDD是IC電源正極，VSS是電源負極，V-是過流/短路檢測端，Dout是放電保護執行端，Cout是充電保護執行端。2，保護板端口說明：B+，B-分別是接電芯正極,負極：P+，P-分別是保護板輸出的正極，負極；T為溫度電阻(NTC)端口，一般需要和用電器的MCU配合產生保護動作,后面會介紹，這個端口有時也標為ID，意即身份識別端口，這時，R3一般為固定阻值的電阻，讓用電器的CPU辨別是否為指定的電池。

1、輸(shu)出負極(ji)、充電(dian)負極(ji)、電(dian)池負極(ji)、必須按(an)順序接線，不(bu)要反接線路(lu)以免燒壞電(dian)路(lu)元件

2、充電(dian)(dian)線(xian)，放電(dian)(dian)線(xian)，電(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極。盡量用粗線(xian)，否(fou)則會通不過大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，會起到過流(liu)保護，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路不工作

3、電池正極(ji)輸出不用經過(guo)保護電路，直接連接輸出。