投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相對應的(de)(de)一(yi)類金融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，主要(yao)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、承(cheng)銷、交易、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)重組(zu)、兼并與(yu)收(shou)購、投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)分析、風險(xian)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)、項(xiang)目融(rong)資(zi)(zi)等(deng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)非(fei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)市場上的(de)(de)主要(yao)金融(rong)中(zhong)介。投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)美國(guo)和(he)歐洲(zhou)大(da)陸的(de)(de)稱謂，英(ying)國(guo)稱之為(wei)商(shang)人銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)日本(ben)則指證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。 投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)組(zu)織形(xing)態主要(yao)有(you)(you)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)獨立(li)型(xing)的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)性投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)比(bi)(bi)較多(duo)，遍布世界各地，他們有(you)(you)各自擅長的(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)方向，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)美國(guo)的(de)(de)高盛、摩(mo)根斯坦利；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擁有(you)(you)的(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通過兼并收(shou)購其他投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，參股(gu)或(huo)建立(li)附屬公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)在(zai)英(ying)德等(deng)國(guo)非(fei)常典型(xing)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)匯豐 集團、瑞(rui)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)集團；三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全能型(xing)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)直接經營投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)主要(yao)出現在(zai)歐洲(zhou)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)同時也(ye)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)德意(yi)志銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)些大(da)型(xing)跨國(guo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)興辦(ban)的(de)(de)財務(wu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)，投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)代表有(you)(you)：中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際金融(rong)有(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、中(zhong)信證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)等(deng)。