【速(su)度繼(ji)電器工作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理】速(su)度繼(ji)電器原(yuan)(yuan)理作(zuo)用有哪些 磁(ci)保(bao)持繼(ji)電器原(yuan)(yuan)理
速度繼電器因他(ta)的(de)性能,可以用(yong)(yong)來監(jian)測船舶、火車的(de)內燃機引擎,以及(ji)氣體、水和風力渦輪機,還可以用(yong)(yong)于造(zao)紙業(ye)、箔(bo)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和紡(fang)織業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上。在船用(yong)(yong)柴油(you)機以及(ji)很多柴油(you)發電機組的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中,速(su)度繼電器(qi)作(zuo)為一個二(er)次安全回(hui)路(lu),當(dang)緊急(ji)情況產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)時(shi),迅速(su)關閉引擎。
速度繼電器的工作原理
它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)是一(yi)(yi)個永(yong)久磁鐵,與(yu)(yu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)軸連接,隨著(zhu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)而旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)(yu)鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)相(xiang)似(si),內有(you)短(duan)路條,它(ta)也能圍繞著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)隨電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)磁場與(yu)(yu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)短(duan)路條相(xiang)切割(ge),產生感(gan)(gan)應電(dian)勢及(ji)感(gan)(gan)應電(dian)流,這與(yu)(yu)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)相(xiang)同,故(gu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)隨著(zhu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)起來。定(ding)子(zi)(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)時帶(dai)動(dong)杠(gang)桿,杠(gang)桿推動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian),使(shi)之閉(bi)合與(yu)(yu)分(fen)斷。當電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方向(xiang)改變時,繼電(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)也改變,這時定(ding)子(zi)(zi)就可以觸(chu)(chu)動(dong)另外一(yi)(yi)組觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian),使(shi)之分(fen)斷與(yu)(yu)閉(bi)合。當電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)時,繼電(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)即恢復原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)靜止(zhi)狀態。
速度繼電器在電路中的作用
由(you)于繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作時是(shi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機同(tong)軸的(de),不論電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機正(zheng)轉或反轉,電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)兩個常開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian),就有一(yi)個閉合,準備實行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)。一(yi)旦開(kai)始制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時,由(you)控制(zhi)系統的(de)聯(lian)鎖觸(chu)點(dian)和速(su)度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)備用(yong)的(de)閉合觸(chu)點(dian),形成一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機相序反接(jie)(俗稱倒(dao)相)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機在反接(jie)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)下停車。而(er)當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)轉速(su)接(jie)近零時,速(su)度(du)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)常開(kai)觸(chu)點(dian)分斷,從而(er)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)狀態結束。
常用的速度繼電器分類
常用(yong)的(de)速度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)有JY1型和JFZ0型兩(liang)(liang)種。其中,JY1型可在(zai)(zai)700~3600r/min范(fan)圍內(nei)可靠(kao)地工作;JFZO-1型使(shi)用(yong)于(yu)300~1000r/min;JFZO-2型適用(yong)于(yu)1000~3600r/min。他們(men)具有兩(liang)(liang)個常開觸(chu)點、兩(liang)(liang)個常閉觸(chu)點,觸(chu)電(dian)額定電(dian)壓為380V,額定電(dian)流為2A。一般(ban)速度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)轉軸(zhou)在(zai)(zai)130r/min左右(you)即能動作,在(zai)(zai)100r/min時觸(chu)頭(tou)即能恢(hui)復到(dao)正常位置。可以通過螺釘的(de)調節(jie)來改變速度(du)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)動作的(de)轉速,以適應控制電(dian)路的(de)要求。
磁保持繼電器原理
動作原理:磁保持繼電器其(qi)觸點(dian)開、合(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)平時(shi)由永久(jiu)磁鐵所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)磁力所保持。當(dang)繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)觸點(dian)需(xu)(xu)要開或合(he)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)時(shi),只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)要用正(反)直流(liu)脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓激勵線圈,繼電(dian)器(qi)在(zai)瞬間就(jiu)完成了(le)開與合(he)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)轉換。通常觸點(dian)處于保持狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)時(shi),線圈不需(xu)(xu)要繼續通電(dian),僅靠永久(jiu)磁鐵的(de)(de)磁力就(jiu)能維持繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)不變。
動作過程:當繼電器的(de)觸(chu)點需要(yao)置位(wei)時,只需要(yao)用正直(zhi)流(liu)脈沖電(dian)壓激勵線圈(quan)J2,線圈(quan)J2勵磁(ci)(ci)后(hou)產生的(de)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)與永磁(ci)(ci)鐵的(de)磁(ci)(ci)極(ji)相(xiang)互作用,同極(ji)性(xing)相(xiang)互排斥,異極(ji)性(xing)相(xiang)互吸(xi)引,使得繼電(dian)器(qi)在(zai)瞬(shun)間(jian)就(jiu)完(wan)成了復(fu)位(wei)到(dao)置位(wei)的(de)狀(zhuang)態轉換。示意(yi)圖1-4演示了具(ju)體狀(zhuang)態轉換過程。磁(ci)(ci)保持(chi)繼電(dian)器(qi)由置位(wei)狀(zhuang)態轉換為復(fu)位(wei)狀(zhuang)態的(de)過程同理(li)。