【固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)】固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作原理 固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)組成部分 固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)優缺點

固態繼電器工作原理

固態繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)是一種兩(liang)個接線(xian)端(duan)為輸入端(duan)，另兩(liang)個接線(xian)端(duan)為輸出端(duan)的四端(duan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)，中間采用(yong)隔離器(qi)(qi)件(jian)實現輸入輸出的電隔離。

固態繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)按負載(zai)電源類型(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為交流型(xing)(xing)(xing)和直流型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按開關型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為常開型(xing)(xing)(xing)和常閉型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按隔(ge)(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓器(qi)(qi)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和光電隔(ge)(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，以光電隔(ge)(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)為最多。

固態繼電器的組成部分

固態繼電器是具(ju)(ju)有(you)隔離功(gong)能(neng)的(de)無(wu)(wu)觸點電(dian)子開(kai)關，在開(kai)關過(guo)程中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)機(ji)械(xie)接觸部件，因此固態繼電(dian)器(qi)除具(ju)(ju)有(you)與(yu)電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器(qi)一樣(yang)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)外，還具(ju)(ju)有(you)邏輯電(dian)路(lu)兼容(rong)(rong)，耐振耐機(ji)械(xie)沖擊，安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置無(wu)(wu)限(xian)制，具(ju)(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)防(fang)(fang)潮(chao)防(fang)(fang)霉防(fang)(fang)腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)，在防(fang)(fang)爆和防(fang)(fang)止臭氧污(wu)染方面的(de)性(xing)能(neng)也(ye)極佳，輸入功(gong)率(lv)小，靈(ling)敏度高，控(kong)(kong)制功(gong)率(lv)小，電(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)性(xing)好(hao)，噪聲低和工作(zuo)頻(pin)率(lv)高等特(te)點。目前已廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)計算(suan)機(ji)外圍接口設(she)備(bei)，調(diao)溫(wen)、調(diao)速、調(diao)光、電(dian)機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制、電(dian)爐(lu)加(jia)溫(wen)控(kong)(kong)制、電(dian)力石化、醫(yi)療(liao)器(qi)械(xie)、金融設(she)備(bei)、煤(mei)炭、儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)、交通信號(hao)等領域。

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固(gu)態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)有三(san)部分(fen)(fen)組成：輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，隔(ge)離(li)(耦合)和(he)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。按(an)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的不同(tong)類別(bie)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)三(san)種。有些輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)還具有與(yu)TTL/CMOS兼容，正負(fu)邏輯(ji)控(kong)制和(he)反(fan)相等(deng)功(gong)能。固(gu)態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)與(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的隔(ge)離(li)和(he)耦合方式(shi)有光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合和(he)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)耦合兩種。固(gu)態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)也可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)交(jiao)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)等(deng)形式(shi)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)，通常使用(yong)兩個(ge)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅或一個(ge)雙向可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)使用(yong)雙極性器(qi)(qi)件(jian)或功(gong)率場效(xiao)應管。

固態繼電器的優缺點

1、固態繼電器的優點

(1)高(gao)壽(shou)命(ming)，高(gao)可靠(kao)：固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器沒有(you)(you)機(ji)械零(ling)部件(jian)，有(you)(you)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)器件(jian)完成觸點功能(neng)，由于(yu)沒有(you)(you)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)零(ling)部件(jian)，因此能(neng)在高(gao)沖擊，振動(dong)(dong)的(de)環境下工(gong)作，由于(yu)組成固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)元(yuan)器件(jian)的(de)固(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)特性(xing)，決定了固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)長，可靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)。固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器

(2)靈敏度(du)高，控制功(gong)率小，電(dian)(dian)磁兼(jian)容性好(hao)：固態繼電(dian)(dian)器的輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍較(jiao)寬，驅(qu)動(dong)功(gong)率低(di)，可與大多(duo)數邏(luo)輯集成電(dian)(dian)路兼(jian)容不需(xu)加緩沖器或驅(qu)動(dong)器。

(3)快速(su)轉換：固(gu)態繼(ji)電(dian)器因為采用固(gu)體(ti)器件，所以切換速(su)度可從幾(ji)毫秒至幾(ji)微(wei)妙。

(4)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾小：固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)沒有輸(shu)入“線圈(quan)”，沒有觸點燃弧和(he)回跳，因而減少(shao)了電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干擾。大多數交流輸(shu)出固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是一個零(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)開關，在零(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)處導通，零(ling)電(dian)(dian)流處關斷，減少(shao)了電(dian)(dian)流波形的突然中斷，從而減少(shao)了開關瞬(shun)態效應。

2、固態繼電器的缺點

(1)導通后的(de)管(guan)壓降(jiang)大(da)，可(ke)控硅或雙(shuang)相(xiang)控硅的(de)正向降(jiang)壓可(ke)達1~2V，大(da)功率晶體管(guan)的(de)飽(bao)和壓降(jiang)也在1~2V之間，一般(ban)功率場效應管(guan)的(de)導通電阻(zu)也較(jiao)機械觸(chu)點的(de)接觸(chu)電阻(zu)大(da)。

(2)半(ban)導體器件關斷后(hou)仍可(ke)有數微安至數毫安的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)流，因此不能實現理想的(de)電(dian)隔離。

(3)由于管壓(ya)降(jiang)大(da)，導(dao)通后的功(gong)耗和發熱量也大(da)，大(da)功(gong)率(lv)固態(tai)繼電器(qi)的體積遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大(da)于同容(rong)量的電磁繼電器(qi)，成本也較高。

(4)電(dian)子(zi)元器件(jian)的溫度特性和電(dian)子(zi)線路的抗干擾能力較差(cha)，耐輻射能力也(ye)較差(cha)，如不采取(qu)有效(xiao)措施，則工(gong)作可靠(kao)性低。

(5)固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)對過載有(you)較大的敏感性，必須用快速熔斷器(qi)或RC阻(zu)尼電路對其進行(xing)過載保(bao)護。固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)的負載與環境(jing)溫度明顯有(you)關，溫度升(sheng)高，負載能力將迅速下降。

(6)主要不足(zu)是(shi)存(cun)在通(tong)態(tai)壓降(jiang)(需相應散熱措(cuo)施)，有(you)斷態(tai)漏(lou)電(dian)流，交直流不能(neng)通(tong)用，觸點(dian)組(zu)數少，另外過(guo)電(dian)流、過(guo)電(dian)壓及電(dian)壓上(shang)升率(lv)、電(dian)流上(shang)升率(lv)等指標差。固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器