什(shen)么是商標(biao)優(you)先使(shi)(shi)用權 哪些條件下擁有商標(biao)優(you)先使(shi)(shi)用權

商標使(shi)用權并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是我們(men)設計了(le)注冊以后就可(ke)以隨意用的(de)，因為有(you)些商標注冊后可(ke)能(neng)與其他商標相(xiang)似或者相(xiang)類同等(deng)等(deng)情況下你是不(bu)(bu)能(neng)用的(de)，所以，在(zai)哪些條(tiao)件下有(you)商標優先使(shi)用權，主要有(you)以下幾點(dian)。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這是對使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)間(jian)的(de)要求，如(ru)果不具備這一條件(jian)，就沒有“在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用”，也無法(fa)產生(sheng)在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用權(quan)，并以此作為(wei)(wei)侵害(hai)商標(biao)權(quan)的(de)抗辯事由。需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)是，使(shi)(shi)用不僅限于現(xian)有使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用，如(ru)果曾經發(fa)生(sheng)過業務承繼關系的(de)，現(xian)有使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)作為(wei)(wei)承繼人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用當然可以作為(wei)(wei)本(ben)條件(jian)中的(de)使(shi)(shi)用。被承繼人(ren)先(xian)前的(de)使(shi)(shi)用應當視為(wei)(wei)現(xian)有使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用。換言之，在先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用商標(biao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)間(jian)以該商標(biao)首次商業使(shi)(shi)用的(de)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖樣上不構(gou)成(cheng)相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)近似，或(huo)者(zhe)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)不屬于相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人當然(ran)有權(quan)繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)甚至申(shen)請(qing)注冊(ce)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)與注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構(gou)成(cheng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上的(de)近似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依照(zhao)我國(guo)《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法》有關申(shen)請(qing)在先(xian)(xian)和(he)注冊(ce)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)一般規定，則(ze)未注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不得繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，否(fou)則(ze)會構(gou)成(cheng)對注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)權(quan)的(de)侵害。但法律應當維護(hu)誠信，而不應當禁止(zhi)或(huo)者(zhe)制裁正當使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)行為，因此有必要在上述(shu)原(yuan)則(ze)下創(chuang)設例(li)外(wai)之規定即商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其商(shang)(shang)(shang)品上(shang)連續(xu)不中(zhong)斷地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)注(zhu)冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)申請日之前曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)事實，但無(wu)正當(dang)理(li)由而(er)中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不得(de)繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。理(li)由在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于：第(di)(di)一(yi)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權作為(wei)注(zhu)冊(ce)原(yuan)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)例外，是(shi)為(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)，如果在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)已(yi)經中(zhong)斷，其就(jiu)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不再享有(you)任何利(li)益(yi)(yi)，自無(wu)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要。第(di)(di)二，如果只是(shi)曾有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)事實，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)后仍可以重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，將會從根本上(shang)動(dong)搖商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)制(zhi)度，不利(li)于保(bao)護(hu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)。第(di)(di)三，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)斷后允許重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，不利(li)于維(wei)護(hu)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公平競爭關系和維(wei)護(hu)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益(yi)(yi)。所謂正當(dang)理(li)由，是(shi)指非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主觀上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。若有(you)正當(dang)理(li)由中(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不視為(wei)缺乏連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)這一(yi)條件。如在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品為(wei)季(ji)節(jie)性造成(cheng)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)(fa)(fa)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常(chang)是(shi)指(zhi)非(fei)(fei)因(yin)(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知情。日本舊(jiu)《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》也規定在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)必須(xu)為善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，判(pan)例和(he)一(yi)般觀點將(jiang)此(ci)理解(jie)為“無進行不正(zheng)當(dang)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日本現行《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》采納(na)了這(zhe)一(yi)觀點，在(zai)(zai)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇上以(yi)(yi)“非(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)不正(zheng)當(dang)競爭(zheng)為目的(de)(de)(de)(de)”取(qu)代(dai)了“善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英(ying)國有(you)判(pan)例認為，善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)指(zhi)被(bei)告的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為沒(mei)有(you)任何(he)欺騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖，也沒(mei)有(you)任何(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)他(ta)人(ren)已(yi)(yi)取(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖。由于(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)實(shi)(shi)行自愿原則，在(zai)(zai)提出(chu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)申請之前，他(ta)人(ren)就可能(neng)(neng)已(yi)(yi)經實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)是(shi)指(zhi)該使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)將(jiang)某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)為商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)非(fei)(fei)因(yin)(yin)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)過失而不知道他(ta)人(ren)已(yi)(yi)經在(zai)(zai)相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)類(lei)似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)該標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其(qi)次，由于(yu)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權以(yi)(yi)其(qi)核定使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務(wu)為限，當(dang)該注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成馳名商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)將(jiang)與(yu)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相同(tong)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)非(fei)(fei)類(lei)似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務(wu)上，并產生誤導公眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則該在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)難(nan)謂“出(chu)于(yu)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)構成著作(zuo)(zuo)權法(fa)(fa)(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)將(jiang)該圖樣(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)為商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)非(fei)(fei)類(lei)似(si)(si)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務(wu)上，除非(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)能(neng)(neng)夠證明(ming)其(qi)對所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)享有(you)正(zheng)當(dang)權利，否則也不能(neng)(neng)證明(ming)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)出(chu)于(yu)善(shan)(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。