什么是商(shang)標(biao)(biao)優(you)先(xian)使用(yong)權 哪些條件下擁有商(shang)標(biao)(biao)優(you)先(xian)使用(yong)權

商標使用權并不是我(wo)們設計了注(zhu)冊以(yi)(yi)后(hou)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)隨意用的，因為有些商(shang)標注(zhu)冊后(hou)可能(neng)與其他商(shang)標相似(si)或(huo)者相類同等等情況下你是不能(neng)用的，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，在哪些條(tiao)件下有商(shang)標優先使用權，主要有以(yi)(yi)下幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這(zhe)是對使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，如果不具備這(zhe)一條件，就沒(mei)有(you)“在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，也(ye)無法(fa)產(chan)生在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為(wei)侵(qin)害商標(biao)權的(de)(de)抗辯(bian)事由(you)。需要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不僅限(xian)于(yu)現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，如果曾經發生過業(ye)(ye)務承繼關系的(de)(de)，現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人作為(wei)承繼人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)當然可以作為(wei)本條件中的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。被承繼人先(xian)前的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應當視為(wei)現有(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。換言之，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)商標(biao)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間以該(gai)商標(biao)首次(ci)商業(ye)(ye)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時(shi)間為(wei)準。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)圖樣上(shang)(shang)不(bu)構(gou)成相同或者(zhe)(zhe)近似，或者(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)不(bu)屬于相同或者(zhe)(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)，則(ze)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人當(dang)然有(you)權(quan)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)甚至申(shen)請(qing)注冊(ce)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)與注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)構(gou)成使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相同或類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)上(shang)(shang)的近似商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)，依(yi)照我國《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)法(fa)》有(you)關(guan)申(shen)請(qing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先和注冊(ce)原(yuan)則(ze)的一般規(gui)定，則(ze)未(wei)注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)不(bu)得繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，否則(ze)會構(gou)成對注冊(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)權(quan)的侵害。但(dan)法(fa)律(lv)應當(dang)維護(hu)誠(cheng)信，而不(bu)應當(dang)禁止(zhi)或者(zhe)(zhe)制裁正(zheng)當(dang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)行為，因此有(you)必要在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)述原(yuan)則(ze)下創設例外之規(gui)定即商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)其商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品上連續(xu)不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)注(zhu)冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的申(shen)請日之(zhi)前曾有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，但無(wu)正(zheng)當理(li)(li)由而中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的，不(bu)(bu)得繼續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。理(li)(li)由在(zai)(zai)于：第一，商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)作為(wei)注(zhu)冊原則的例外，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)保(bao)護在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的利(li)益(yi)，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，其就該商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)再享有(you)(you)任何(he)利(li)益(yi)，自無(wu)保(bao)護的必要。第二，如(ru)果只(zhi)是(shi)曾有(you)(you)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事實(shi)，在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊后仍可以重新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會(hui)從根(gen)本上動(dong)搖商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊制(zhi)度，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于保(bao)護商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊人(ren)(ren)的利(li)益(yi)。第三，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后允許重新(xin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)利(li)于維(wei)護正(zheng)常的公平競爭關系和(he)維(wei)護消費者的利(li)益(yi)。所謂正(zheng)當理(li)(li)由，是(shi)指非因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)主觀上的原因中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有(you)(you)正(zheng)當理(li)(li)由中(zhong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的，不(bu)(bu)視為(wei)缺乏連續(xu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一條(tiao)件。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品為(wei)季節性造成商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)止使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法上的(de)(de)(de)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，通常是指非(fei)(fei)因(yin)(yin)(yin)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而不知情。日(ri)本舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》也(ye)規定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)必須為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，判(pan)(pan)例(li)和(he)一般觀點將(jiang)此(ci)理(li)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“無進行(xing)(xing)不正當競(jing)爭的(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日(ri)本現行(xing)(xing)《商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法》采納了這(zhe)一觀點，在(zai)(zai)(zai)立(li)法用語的(de)(de)(de)選擇上以(yi)“非(fei)(fei)以(yi)不正當競(jing)爭為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)”取(qu)代了“善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有判(pan)(pan)例(li)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是指被告的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沒(mei)有任何欺騙的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖，也(ye)沒(mei)有任何借用他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)取(qu)得的(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖。由于商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)自(zi)愿(yuan)原(yuan)則，在(zai)(zai)(zai)提出商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊申請之前(qian)，他人(ren)(ren)就可能已(yi)經實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先是指該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用時非(fei)(fei)因(yin)(yin)(yin)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而不知道他人(ren)(ren)已(yi)經在(zai)(zai)(zai)相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品上實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用與(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其次，由于注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專用權以(yi)其核定(ding)(ding)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)限，當該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成(cheng)馳(chi)名商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)與(yu)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相同或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用在(zai)(zai)(zai)非(fei)(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務上，并產(chan)生誤導公眾的(de)(de)(de)后果，則該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用難謂(wei)“出于善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當注冊商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)(yang)構成(cheng)著作(zuo)(zuo)權法意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)義上的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)圖樣(yang)(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用于非(fei)(fei)類似商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)服務上，除(chu)非(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用人(ren)(ren)能夠(gou)證明其對(dui)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)圖樣(yang)(yang)享有正當權利，否則也(ye)不能證明其使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用出于善(shan)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。