什么是商(shang)標優(you)(you)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權(quan)(quan) 哪(na)些(xie)條件(jian)下擁有商(shang)標優(you)(you)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)權(quan)(quan)

商標使用(yong)(yong)(yong)權并不是我們設計(ji)了注冊以(yi)(yi)后就可以(yi)(yi)隨意用(yong)(yong)(yong)的，因為有些商標注冊后可能(neng)(neng)與其他商標相似或(huo)者相類同等(deng)等(deng)情況下(xia)(xia)你是不能(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的，所以(yi)(yi)，在哪些條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)有商標優先使用(yong)(yong)(yong)權，主要有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾點。

一、在他人注冊商標的申請日之前，就已經有使用的事實

這(zhe)是對使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時間的(de)要(yao)求，如(ru)果不具備這(zhe)一條件，就沒有“在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)”，也無法產生在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權，并以此作為(wei)侵害(hai)商(shang)標(biao)權的(de)抗辯事由。需要(yao)注意的(de)是，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)不僅限(xian)于現有使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，如(ru)果曾經(jing)發生過(guo)業務承繼關系的(de)，現有使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)作為(wei)承繼人(ren)(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)當然可(ke)以作為(wei)本條件中的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。被承繼人(ren)(ren)先(xian)(xian)前的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)應當視(shi)為(wei)現有使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。換言之，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時間以該商(shang)標(biao)首(shou)次商(shang)業使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)時間為(wei)準(zhun)。

二、在先使用的商標與注冊商標相同或者近似，且使用商品或服務相同或者類似

在通常情形下，如果在先使用的商標與注冊商標在(zai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)圖樣(yang)上(shang)不構(gou)成相同或者(zhe)(zhe)近似(si)，或者(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)品不屬于(yu)相同或者(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)似(si)商(shang)品，則(ze)(ze)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)當(dang)然有(you)權(quan)繼(ji)(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)甚至申請(qing)注冊該商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。如果在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)與注冊商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)構(gou)成使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)相同或類(lei)似(si)商(shang)品上(shang)的近似(si)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)，依照我國《商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》有(you)關申請(qing)在(zai)先和注冊原則(ze)(ze)的一(yi)般規定，則(ze)(ze)未(wei)注冊商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)不得繼(ji)(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)會構(gou)成對(dui)注冊商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)權(quan)的侵(qin)害。但法(fa)律應當(dang)維護誠信，而不應當(dang)禁(jin)止或者(zhe)(zhe)制裁正當(dang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)行(xing)為，因此(ci)有(you)必要在(zai)上(shang)述原則(ze)(ze)下創設例外之規定即商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)。

三、在先使用人必須在其商品上連續使用該商標

所謂連續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)其商(shang)品上(shang)(shang)連續不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)斷地使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)申請日之(zhi)前曾(ceng)(ceng)有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)實，但(dan)無正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)而中(zhong)(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)得繼續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)。理(li)由(you)在(zai)(zai)于：第一(yi)，商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)作為(wei)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)原則的(de)例(li)外(wai)，是(shi)為(wei)了保護在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)利(li)(li)益，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已經中(zhong)(zhong)斷，其就該(gai)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)(bu)再享有任何利(li)(li)益，自無保護的(de)必要。第二，如(ru)果只是(shi)曾(ceng)(ceng)有使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)實，在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)后仍(reng)可以重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將會從根本上(shang)(shang)動搖(yao)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)制度，不(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于保護商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)冊(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)利(li)(li)益。第三，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)斷后允許重新使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)于維(wei)護正(zheng)常的(de)公平競爭(zheng)關系和維(wei)護消費(fei)者的(de)利(li)(li)益。所謂正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)，是(shi)指非(fei)因(yin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主觀上(shang)(shang)的(de)原因(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。若有正(zheng)當(dang)理(li)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)斷使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，不(bu)(bu)視為(wei)缺乏連續使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)一(yi)條件。如(ru)在(zai)(zai)先使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)所使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)商(shang)品為(wei)季(ji)節性(xing)造成商(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

四、在先使用必須出于善意

民法(fa)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，通(tong)常(chang)是指非因自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而不知情。日(ri)本舊《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》也(ye)規定在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必須(xu)為(wei)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，判(pan)例和一(yi)般觀點將此(ci)理解為(wei)“無(wu)進行不正當(dang)(dang)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，日(ri)本現行《商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)法(fa)》采納了這一(yi)觀點，在立法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上(shang)以“非以不正當(dang)(dang)競爭(zheng)為(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”取代了“善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。英國有判(pan)例認為(wei)，善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是指被告(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)沒(mei)有任何(he)欺騙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)，也(ye)沒(mei)有任何(he)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已取得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好信譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)實(shi)(shi)行自愿原(yuan)則，在提出(chu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注冊(ce)(ce)申請之前，他人(ren)(ren)(ren)就可能(neng)已經實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。因此(ci)，在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，首先(xian)(xian)(xian)是指該(gai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將某標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時非因自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過失(shi)而不知道他人(ren)(ren)(ren)已經在相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)實(shi)(shi)際使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與該(gai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。其次，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)以其核定使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務為(wei)限，當(dang)(dang)該(gai)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)構成馳(chi)名商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)時，在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將與該(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)相(xiang)同或(huo)者(zhe)近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在非類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務上(shang)，并產(chan)生誤(wu)導公眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，則該(gai)在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)難謂“出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。當(dang)(dang)注冊(ce)(ce)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)樣構成著作(zuo)(zuo)權(quan)法(fa)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)時，在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)將該(gai)圖(tu)樣作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)非類(lei)似商(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務上(shang)，除非在先(xian)(xian)(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠證明其對所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)樣享有正當(dang)(dang)權(quan)利，否(fou)則也(ye)不能(neng)證明其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)善意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。