青島地(di)區(qu)昔(xi)稱(cheng)膠(jiao)澳。1891年(nian)(清光緒(xu)十(shi)七年(nian)),清政府議決在膠(jiao)澳設防,青島由此(ci)建置(zhi)。翌年(nian),調登(deng)州鎮(zhen)總兵章高(gao)元率部移駐膠(jiao)澳。1897年(nian)11月,德(de)(de)國(guo)以“巨野教(jiao)案(an)”為借口強占(zhan)膠(jiao)澳,并強迫清政府于(yu)1898年(nian)3月6日簽訂(ding)《膠(jiao)澳租(zu)界條約(yue)》,膠(jiao)澳淪為殖民地(di),山(shan)東也劃入德(de)(de)國(guo)的勢力(li)范(fan)圍。第一次世界大戰爆發后,1914年(nian)11月,日本取(qu)代(dai)德(de)(de)國(guo)侵占(zhan)膠(jiao)澳,進(jin)行(xing)軍事殖民統治。
第一次(ci)世界大戰(zhan)結(jie)束后(hou),中(zhong)國人民為(wei)收(shou)回青島進行(xing)(xing)英勇斗(dou)爭。1919年(nian)(nian)(nian),由于青島主權問題,引發著名(ming)的“五四運動”,迫使日本(ben)于1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月4日同中(zhong)國政府(fu)簽訂《解決山(shan)東懸(xuan)案條約》。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月10日,中(zhong)國收(shou)回膠(jiao)澳,開為(wei)商(shang)埠(bu)(bu),設立膠(jiao)澳商(shang)埠(bu)(bu)督辦公署,直(zhi)屬北洋(yang)政府(fu)。其行(xing)(xing)政區域與德膠(jiao)澳租界地(di)相同。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月,南京國民政府(fu)接管膠(jiao)澳商(shang)埠(bu)(bu),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月設青島特別市。1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)改稱青島市。
1938年(nian)1月(yue),日本再(zai)次(ci)侵(qin)占青島(dao)(dao)。1945年(nian)9月(yue),國民黨政府接收青島(dao)(dao),青島(dao)(dao)仍為特(te)別市(shi)。
1949年(nian)6月(yue)2日(ri),青(qing)島(dao)解放。青(qing)島(dao)解放后,改為(wei)山東省省轄市(shi)。1981年(nian),被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)全國15個經(jing)濟中(zhong)心城市(shi)之(zhi)一;1984年(nian)4月(yue),被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)全國14個進一步對外(wai)開放的沿海(hai)港口城市(shi)之(zhi)一;1986年(nian)10月(yue)15日(ri),被(bei)國務(wu)院正(zheng)式批準在國家計(ji)劃中(zhong)實行單(dan)列(lie)(lie),賦予(yu)省一級經(jing)濟管理權限;1994年(nian)2月(yue),被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)全國15個副省級城市(shi)之(zhi)一。
中華(hua)人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國成(cheng)立(li)以來,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)變(bian)動較大(da)(da)。1949年底為市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)西(xi)(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、臺(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四滄(cang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、李村區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1951年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州(zhou)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辦事處(chu)劃(hua)(hua)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)領導,改稱嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事處(chu);8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)四滄(cang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),設(she)立(li)四方(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、滄(cang)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1953年6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)辦事處(chu)更名為嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)民政(zheng)府。1958年底,昌(chang)濰(wei)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)及萊陽專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)即(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)劃(hua)(hua)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1961年5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),即(ji)墨(mo)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)劃(hua)(hua)出(chu);10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),以原嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域設(she)立(li)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian),歸(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1962年12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),臺(tai)西(xi)(xi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao),其轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分別(bie)并入市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1978年11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),煙臺(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)即(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),昌(chang)濰(wei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian)、膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)又劃(hua)(hua)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);新設(she)立(li)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃島(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包括由(you)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)劃(hua)(hua)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)黃島(dao)(dao)、薛家島(dao)(dao)、辛安(an)3個公社。1983年8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),煙臺(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)萊西(xi)(xi)縣(xian)、濰(wei)坊地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)縣(xian)劃(hua)(hua)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。1987年4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)縣(xian),設(she)立(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)級);1988年11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian),設(she)立(li)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);1989年7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)縣(xian)和(he)即(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),設(she)立(li)平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)級)和(he)即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)級);1990年12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),撤(che)(che)銷(xiao)(xiao)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)和(he)萊西(xi)(xi)縣(xian),設(she)立(li)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)級)和(he)萊西(xi)(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(縣(xian)級)。1994年上半(ban)年,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)作重(zhong)大(da)(da)調整,在市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總數不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下,將臺(tai)東區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、四方(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)吳(wu)家村街道和(he)錯埠嶺(ling)街道整建(jian)制合并,設(she)立(li)新的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);將嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)做大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)調整,一部(bu)分設(she)立(li)新嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一部(bu)分設(she)立(li)城陽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),一部(bu)分與(yu)滄(cang)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)合并設(she)立(li)李滄(cang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
2012年11月,國(guo)務院作出《關于同意山(shan)東省調(diao)整青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)部分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)(de)批(pi)復》,山(shan)東省政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府發出《關于調(diao)整青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)部分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)(de)通知》,決定對青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)部分行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)實施調(diao)整:撤銷市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu),設立新(xin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu),以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)、四方區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新(xin)的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu);撤銷黃島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)、膠南市(shi)(shi),設立新(xin)的(de)(de)黃島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu),以(yi)(yi)原(yuan)黃島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)、膠南市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)為新(xin)的(de)(de)黃島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。調(diao)整后,青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)轄6個市(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)(市(shi)(shi)南、市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)、李滄(cang)、嶗(lao)山(shan)、黃島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、城陽),代管4個縣級(ji)市(shi)(shi)(即墨、膠州、平(ping)度、萊西(xi))。
青島(dao)市(shi)地(di)處山東半(ban)島(dao)南(nan)(nan)部,位于東經119°30′~121°00′、北(bei)緯35°35′~37°09′,東、南(nan)(nan)瀕臨黃(huang)海,東北(bei)與(yu)煙臺市(shi)毗鄰,西與(yu)濰坊市(shi)相連,西南(nan)(nan)與(yu)日照(zhao)市(shi)接壤。全市(shi)總面積為(wei)11292平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米。其中,市(shi)區(市(shi)南(nan)(nan)、市(shi)北(bei)、李滄、嶗(lao)山、黃(huang)島(dao)、城陽等六區)為(wei)3303平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米,即墨、膠州(zhou)、平度、萊(lai)西等四市(shi)為(wei)7989平方(fang)千(qian)(qian)米。
截至(zhi)2016年底,全市常住人(ren)(ren)(ren)口為920.4萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),比上(shang)年(下(xia)同)增(zeng)(zeng)長1.18%。其中(zhong),市區為497.07萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),增(zeng)(zeng)長1.40%。截至(zhi)2012年底,青島市有少數(shu)民族52個(ge),少數(shu)民族人(ren)(ren)(ren)口76696人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其中(zhong),朝鮮族40015人(ren)(ren)(ren),滿族13511人(ren)(ren)(ren),回族5986人(ren)(ren)(ren),蒙古族4466人(ren)(ren)(ren),維吾爾族2401人(ren)(ren)(ren),苗族1860人(ren)(ren)(ren),彝族1498人(ren)(ren)(ren),壯族1379人(ren)(ren)(ren),土家族1258人(ren)(ren)(ren),其他43個(ge)少數(shu)民族人(ren)(ren)(ren)口4322人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
青(qing)(qing)島為(wei)海(hai)濱(bin)丘陵(ling)(ling)城市(shi),地(di)勢(shi)東(dong)高西(xi)低,南(nan)北兩側(ce)隆起,中間(jian)低凹(ao)。其中,山地(di)約占全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)總面積(下(xia)同(tong))的15.5%,丘陵(ling)(ling)占2.1%,平原(yuan)占37.7%,洼地(di)占21.7%。全(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)海(hai)岸(an)分為(wei)岬灣相間(jian)的山基巖(yan)(yan)岸(an)、山地(di)港灣泥質(zhi)粉砂(sha)岸(an)及(ji)基巖(yan)(yan)沙礫質(zhi)海(hai)岸(an)等3種基本(ben)類型(xing)。淺海(hai)海(hai)底(di)則(ze)有水(shui)下(xia)淺灘、現代水(shui)下(xia)三(san)(san)角洲(zhou)及(ji)海(hai)沖蝕平原(yuan)等。青(qing)(qing)島所(suo)處大地(di)構(gou)造(zao)位置為(wei)新華夏(xia)隆起帶(dai)次級構(gou)造(zao)單元(yuan)(yuan)——膠(jiao)南(nan)隆起區(qu)東(dong)北緣(yuan)和膠(jiao)萊凹(ao)陷區(qu)中南(nan)部。區(qu)內缺(que)失整個(ge)古生界(jie)地(di)層及(ji)部分中生界(jie)地(di)層,但白堊系青(qing)(qing)山組火山巖(yan)(yan)層發育充分、出露十分廣泛(fan)。巖(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)以(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)古代膠(jiao)南(nan)期(qi)月季山式(shi)(shi)片麻狀花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)及(ji)中生代燕山晚期(qi)的艾山式(shi)(shi)花(hua)崗(gang)閃長(chang)巖(yan)(yan)和嶗山式(shi)(shi)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)主。市(shi)區(qu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部坐落于該類花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)之上(shang),建(jian)筑地(di)基條件優良(liang)。區(qu)內構(gou)造(zao)以(yi)斷(duan)裂構(gou)造(zao)為(wei)主。自第(di)三(san)(san)紀(ji)以(yi)來,區(qu)內以(yi)整體性較穩(wen)定的斷(duan)塊隆起為(wei)主,上(shang)升幅度一(yi)般不大。
全市(shi)大體有(you)3個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi)。東南是嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峻,主峰海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1132.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。從嶗(lao)頂向西、北(bei)(bei)綿延至青島市(shi)區。北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為大澤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)736.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),平度境內諸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)及萊西部(bu)分山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰均屬之(zhi))。南部(bu)為大珠(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)486.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、小珠(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)724.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、鐵橛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)595.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))等組(zu)成的膠南山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)群。市(shi)區的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺有(you)浮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)384米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、太平山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)150米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、青島山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)128.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、信號山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)99米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、伏龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))、貯水山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)80.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))等。
概況
全市共有(you)大(da)小河(he)流224條(tiao),均為(wei)季風(feng)區雨源型,多為(wei)獨立入海的(de)山(shan)溪(xi)性(xing)小河(he)。流域面積在100平(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)以上的(de)較大(da)河(he)流33條(tiao),按照水系分為(wei)大(da)沽(gu)河(he)、北膠萊河(he)以及沿海諸河(he)流等(deng)三大(da)水系。
大沽河水系
包括主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)及其支流(liu)(liu),主(zhu)要支流(liu)(liu)有小(xiao)沽(gu)(gu)河(he)、五沽(gu)(gu)河(he)、流(liu)(liu)浩河(he)和南(nan)膠(jiao)萊河(he)。大(da)(da)沽(gu)(gu)河(he)是全(quan)市(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)的河(he)流(liu)(liu),發源(yuan)于招遠市(shi)(shi)阜山,由北向南(nan)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)青島(dao),經(jing)萊西、平(ping)度、即墨、膠(jiao)州(zhou)和城(cheng)陽,至膠(jiao)州(zhou)南(nan)碼頭村入(ru)海。干流(liu)(liu)全(quan)長179.9千米(mi),流(liu)(liu)域面積6131.3平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(含南(nan)膠(jiao)萊河(he)流(liu)(liu)域1500平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)),是膠(jiao)東半(ban)島(dao)最大(da)(da)水系。大(da)(da)沽(gu)(gu)河(he)多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)量為6.61億立方(fang)米(mi)。該河(he)20世(shi)紀70年(nian)代(dai)前,徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性較強,夏季(ji)(ji)洪水暴(bao)漲(zhang),常年(nian)有水;之(zhi)后,除汛期外(wai),中、下游已斷(duan)流(liu)(liu)。
北膠萊河水系
包括主流(liu)(liu)(liu)北(bei)膠萊(lai)河(he)(he)及諸(zhu)支流(liu)(liu)(liu),在(zai)青島(dao)境內的主要支流(liu)(liu)(liu)有澤河(he)(he)、龍王河(he)(he)、現(xian)河(he)(he)和白沙河(he)(he),總(zong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積1914.0平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)。北(bei)膠萊(lai)河(he)(he)發源于平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)市(shi)(shi)蓼蘭鎮姚家(jia)(jia)村(cun)(cun)分水嶺北(bei)麓,沿(yan)平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)市(shi)(shi)與昌(chang)邑市(shi)(shi)邊界北(bei)去,于平(ping)(ping)度(du)(du)市(shi)(shi)新河(he)(he)鎮大苗家(jia)(jia)村(cun)(cun)出境流(liu)(liu)(liu)入萊(lai)州灣。干流(liu)(liu)(liu)全長(chang)100千(qian)米(mi),流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積3978.6平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)。該河(he)(he)多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量為2.53億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均含沙量為0.24千(qian)克/立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。
沿海諸河流水系
指獨流入海的河(he)流,較(jiao)大者有白沙河(he)、墨(mo)水(shui)河(he)、王戈莊河(he)、白馬河(he)、吉利河(he)、周疃河(he)、洋(yang)河(he)等。
海岸線、海灣
全市海(hai)(hai)域(yu)面積約1.22萬平方千米(mi);海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(含所屬海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian))總長為905.2千米(mi),其中大(da)陸岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian)782.3千米(mi),大(da)陸岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian)占山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的1/4強。海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線(xian)(xian)(xian)曲(qu)折,岬灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)相間。面積大(da)于0.5平方千米(mi)的海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),自北(bei)而(er)南分布著丁字灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、栲(kao)栳灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、鹽水(shui)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)稱(cheng)橫(heng)門(men)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、嶗山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)稱(cheng)北(bei)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、王哥莊(zhuang)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、青山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、腰(yao)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、太清(qing)宮口(kou)、流(liu)清(qing)河灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、嶗山(shan)(shan)口(kou)、沙子口(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、麥島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、浮(fu)山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、太平灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、匯泉(quan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、前海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(又(you)稱(cheng)棧橋灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、膠州(zhou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、唐(tang)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、靈山(shan)(shan)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、利根灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)和(he)古鎮(zhen)口(kou)、齋堂(tang)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、董(dong)家口(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、沐(mu)官(guan)島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)等。膠州(zhou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)又(you)有海(hai)(hai)西灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(包括小(xiao)叉(cha)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、薛家島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan))、黃島(dao)(dao)前灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、紅島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、女姑口(kou)、滄口(kou)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)等49個海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)。
海島
根據(ju)2013年10月(yue)(yue)全國(guo)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)地名普(pu)查(cha)結果、2013年12月(yue)(yue)《山東(dong)省海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規(gui)劃》、2016年5月(yue)(yue)《青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)保護規(gui)劃》公布的海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)數量,青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總數為(wei)120個,其中(zhong)(zhong)有居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)7個、無居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)113個(面(mian)積大(da)于500平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)的無居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)67個)。海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)總面(mian)積15.04平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)(zhong)有居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)10.97平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)、無居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)4.07平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)。海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)岸線總長約122.9千米(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)(zhong)有居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)47.9千米(mi)(mi)、無居民(min)(min)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)75.0千米(mi)(mi)。靈(ling)山島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)青島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)市面(mian)積最大(da)、海(hai)(hai)岸線最長的海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。
潮汐
青(qing)島(dao)屬正規半日潮(chao)(chao)港,每(mei)個(ge)太陰日(24小時48分)有兩次高(gao)(gao)潮(chao)(chao)和兩次低潮(chao)(chao)。平均潮(chao)(chao)差為(wei)2.8米(mi)左右,大潮(chao)(chao)差發生(sheng)于朔或(huo)望(上(shang)弦或(huo)下(xia)弦)日后2~3天。8月(yue)份潮(chao)(chao)位比1月(yue)份潮(chao)(chao)位一般高(gao)(gao)出(chu)0.5米(mi)。中國(guo)以(yi)青(qing)島(dao)驗(yan)潮(chao)(chao)站觀測的平均潮(chao)(chao)位作為(wei)“黃海平均海水(shui)面”,其(qi)高(gao)(gao)度(du)在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)觀象山(shan)國(guo)家水(shui)準(zhun)原點(dian)下(xia)72.289米(mi)。中國(guo)自1957年起(qi),大陸國(guo)土的地物(wu)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)即以(yi)此為(wei)零(ling)點(dian)起(qi)算。
青(qing)島(dao)地處北溫(wen)帶季(ji)風(feng)區域,屬溫(wen)帶季(ji)風(feng)氣候。市區由于(yu)海洋環(huan)境的(de)直接調節,受來自(zi)洋面上(shang)的(de)東南季(ji)風(feng)及(ji)海流、水(shui)(shui)團的(de)影(ying)響,故又具有顯著(zhu)的(de)海洋性氣候特點。空氣濕潤,雨量充沛,溫(wen)度(du)適(shi)中,四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明。春季(ji)氣溫(wen)回升(sheng)緩慢,較(jiao)(jiao)內陸(lu)遲1個(ge)月;夏季(ji)濕熱多(duo)雨,但無(wu)酷暑;秋季(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣爽,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)少(shao),蒸發強;冬季(ji)風(feng)大溫(wen)低,持續時(shi)間較(jiao)(jiao)長(chang)。據1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來100余年(nian)(nian)(nian)氣象資料查(cha)考,市區年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)12.7℃,極端高(gao)氣溫(wen)38.9℃(2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月15日),極端低氣溫(wen)-16.9℃(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月10日)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)熱,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)25.3℃;1月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)冷,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)-0.5℃。日最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)高(gao)于(yu)30℃的(de)日數(shu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)11.4天(tian);日最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣溫(wen)低于(yu)-5℃的(de)日數(shu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)22天(tian)。降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)662.1毫(hao)米,春、夏、秋、冬四(si)季(ji)雨量分(fen)別占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量的(de)17%、57%、21%、5%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)1272.7毫(hao)米(1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)),最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)僅308.2毫(hao)米(1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)),降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)變率為(wei)(wei)62%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雪日數(shu)只有10天(tian)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣壓為(wei)(wei)1008.6百帕。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速為(wei)(wei)5.2米/秒,以南東風(feng)為(wei)(wei)主導風(feng)向。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均相對濕度(du)為(wei)(wei)73%。7月份(fen)相對濕度(du)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao),為(wei)(wei)89%;12月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)低,為(wei)(wei)68%。青(qing)島(dao)海霧(wu)多(duo)、頻,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均濃(nong)霧(wu)51.3天(tian)、輕霧(wu)108.2天(tian)。
概況
按全國(guo)第二次土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查土(tu)(tu)地分類(lei)系(xi)統,青島市土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要有棕壤(rang)、砂姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)等5個土(tu)(tu)類(lei)。
棕壤
面積49.37萬公(gong)頃,占(zhan)土壤(rang)(rang)總面積的59.8%。是(shi)全市分布最廣、面積最大的土壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing),主(zhu)要(yao)分布在山地(di)(di)丘陵及(ji)山前平原。土壤(rang)(rang)發育程度受地(di)(di)形部位(wei)影(ying)響,由高(gao)到低依次(ci)分為棕壤(rang)(rang)性土、棕壤(rang)(rang)、潮(chao)(chao)棕壤(rang)(rang)等3個土屬。棕壤(rang)(rang)性土因地(di)(di)形部位(wei)高(gao)、坡度大、土層(ceng)薄、侵蝕重、肥力低,多(duo)為林、牧業用;棕壤(rang)(rang)和潮(chao)(chao)棕壤(rang)(rang)是(shi)青(qing)島(dao)市主(zhu)要(yao)糧食經(jing)濟(ji)作物種(zhong)植土壤(rang)(rang)。
砂姜黑土
面(mian)積(ji)17.69萬公頃(qing),占土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)的21.42%。主要(yao)分布在萊西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、平度西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、即墨(mo)西北部(bu)(bu)、膠州北部(bu)(bu)淺平洼地上。該(gai)類(lei)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)偏粘,表土(tu)(tu)輕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)至重壤(rang)(rang)(rang),物理(li)性狀較(jiao)差,水氣熱狀況(kuang)不夠(gou)協(xie)調,速效養分低。
潮土
面(mian)積(ji)14.49萬公頃,占土壤(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)的17.55%。主要分布在(zai)大(da)沽(gu)河(he)、五沽(gu)河(he)、膠(jiao)萊河(he)下游的沿河(he)平地。因距(ju)河(he)道遠近(jin)不同,土壤(rang)質地、土體構型差異較大(da)。近(jin)海地帶常受海鹽(yan)影響形成鹽(yan)化潮土,土壤(rang)肥力和利用方向差異較大(da)。
褐土
面(mian)積6333.33公頃,占(zhan)土壤總(zong)面(mian)積的0.77%。零星分(fen)布在平度(du)、萊西、黃島的石灰巖殘丘(qiu)中(zhong)上部。
鹽土
面積3666.67公頃,占土壤總(zong)面積的(de)0.44%。分布在各濱海低地和濱海灘(tan)地。
青島海(hai)區(qu)(qu)港(gang)灣(wan)眾(zhong)多(duo),岸(an)線曲折,灘涂廣(guang)闊,水(shui)質(zhi)肥(fei)沃,是多(duo)種水(shui)生物繁衍生息的(de)場所(suo),具有較高(gao)的(de)經濟價值(zhi)和開發(fa)利用潛(qian)力。膠州(zhou)灣(wan)、嶗山灣(wan)及(ji)丁字灣(wan)口水(shui)域營養鹽含量高(gao),補充源充足(zu),異(yi)樣菌量比大(da)陸架區(qu)(qu)或大(da)洋區(qu)(qu)高(gao)出數(shu)倍乃至數(shu)千倍,水(shui)中有機物含量較高(gao)。尤其是膠州(zhou)灣(wan)一帶泥(ni)沙底質(zhi)岸(an)段,是發(fa)展(zhan)貝類、藻類養殖的(de)優良海(hai)區(qu)(qu)。該海(hai)區(qu)(qu)的(de)浮游生物、底棲(qi)生物、經濟無脊椎動物、潮間帶藻類等(deng)資源也很豐富(fu)。
青島地區植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)豐富繁茂,是同緯(wei)度地區植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)最多(duo)、組成植(zhi)被建群種(zhong)(zhong)最多(duo)的(de)地區。有植(zhi)物資源種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)152科654屬1237種(zhong)(zhong)與變種(zhong)(zhong)(不含溫室栽(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)及花卉栽(zai)培類(lei)型)。原(yuan)生(sheng)木(mu)(mu)本植(zhi)物區系(xi)有66科136屬332種(zhong)(zhong),分別占山東(dong)省木(mu)(mu)本植(zhi)物區系(xi)科、屬、種(zhong)(zhong)總數的(de)93%、84%和80.2%。
青(qing)島(dao)地區(qu)(qu)在脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)上屬(shu)古北(bei)界華北(bei)區(qu)(qu)黃淮平原(yuan)亞區(qu)(qu)。由于(yu)受暖(nuan)(nuan)溫(wen)帶(dai)海洋季風影響,氣候溫(wen)暖(nuan)(nuan)潮濕,植(zhi)被生(sheng)長良好,適宜(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息繁衍,但大型(xing)(xing)野生(sheng)獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)較少(shao)。現代青(qing)島(dao)地區(qu)(qu)野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為多見,已沒(mei)有大型(xing)(xing)猛獸(shou)或大型(xing)(xing)草食獸(shou)。哺乳類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有松(song)鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、倉鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、兔科(ke)(ke)(ke)、犬科(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼬科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝙(bian)蝠科(ke)(ke)(ke)、猬(wei)科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng);兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)有蛙科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蟾蜍科(ke)(ke)(ke)、盤舌蟾科(ke)(ke)(ke)、姬蛙科(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng);爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)有蜥蜴科(ke)(ke)(ke)、游蛇科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蝰科(ke)(ke)(ke)、烏龜(gui)、鱉等(deng)。屬(shu)于(yu)國家(jia)一、二類(lei)(lei)保護的(de)珍稀動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有66種,其中一類(lei)(lei)保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有52種。特(te)殊動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有白沙(sha)河(he)產的(de)仙(xian)胎魚。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)野生(sheng)無(wu)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種類(lei)(lei)很多,大致可歸(gui)納為森林昆(kun)蟲和農業昆(kun)蟲。馴養動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有牛(niu)、馬、羊(yang)、豬(zhu)、狗等(deng)家(jia)畜和雞、鴨、鵝等(deng)家(jia)禽。
青(qing)島(dao)地區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)資源豐富。青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)保護(hu)環志10余年來(lai)采集標本2000余號,有19目58科159屬355種(zhong),占(zhan)全國鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)1200種(zhong)的29.6%,占(zhan)山東(dong)省鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)406種(zhong)的87.4%,其中(zhong)屬國家一級(ji)保護(hu)珍(zhen)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)11種(zhong)、二級(ji)保護(hu)鳥(niao)55種(zhong)。青(qing)島(dao)地區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)主要(yao)有游禽(qin)(qin)(qin)、涉禽(qin)(qin)(qin)、陸禽(qin)(qin)(qin)、猛禽(qin)(qin)(qin)、攀禽(qin)(qin)(qin)及鳴禽(qin)(qin)(qin)六大類(lei)(lei)。
青島地區(qu)礦(kuang)藏多為非金(jin)屬礦(kuang)。截至2007年底,已(yi)(yi)發(fa)現各(ge)類(lei)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(含亞礦(kuang)種)66種,占(zhan)全省(sheng)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)現礦(kuang)種的(de)44%。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)(資源量(liang)(liang))的(de)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)50種,占(zhan)全省(sheng)已(yi)(yi)探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)64.1%;未探(tan)(tan)明(ming)儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)16種。已(yi)(yi)探(tan)(tan)明(ming)或(huo)查明(ming)各(ge)類(lei)礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地730處。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型礦(kuang)床(chuang)39處,小型礦(kuang)床(chuang)129處,礦(kuang)點562處。優勢礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資源有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)、飾(shi)(shi)材花崗巖(yan)(yan)、飾(shi)(shi)材大(da)理石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、礦(kuang)泉水(shui)、透輝(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、金(jin)、滑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、沸(fei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巖(yan)(yan)。潛在優勢礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資源有重晶(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云巖(yan)(yan)、膨(peng)潤土(tu)(tu)、鉀長石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)巖(yan)(yan)、珍(zhen)珠石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、螢石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、地熱。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)、金(jin)、透輝(hui)巖(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和萊西市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);飾(shi)(shi)材花崗巖(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在嶗山區(qu)、平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、黃島區(qu);飾(shi)(shi)材大(da)理石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);礦(kuang)泉水(shui)在轄區(qu)內(nei)均有分布(bu)(bu)(bu),主要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在城(cheng)陽(yang)區(qu)、嶗山區(qu)及市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)三區(qu)和即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);滑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);沸(fei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巖(yan)(yan)、珍(zhen)珠巖(yan)(yan)、膨(peng)潤土(tu)(tu)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在萊西市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、膠(jiao)(jiao)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和城(cheng)陽(yang)區(qu);重晶(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、螢石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在膠(jiao)(jiao)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、平(ping)度市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和黃島區(qu);地熱主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)(bu)(bu)在即(ji)墨(mo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。青島市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材礦(kuang)保有資源儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)居山東省(sheng)首位(wei),滑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、透輝(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)居全省(sheng)第二位(wei),沸(fei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、礦(kuang)泉水(shui)等儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)居前(qian)列。除鈾(you)、釷、地熱、天然(ran)鹵水(shui)、建筑用砂、磚瓦用黏土(tu)(tu)外(wai),礦(kuang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資源保有儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)潛在總值(zhi)達270億元(yuan)。
青島的風(feng)(feng)能(neng)資源豐富(fu)。據測定有效風(feng)(feng)能(neng)密度為(wei)(wei)240.3瓦/平(ping)方(fang)米,有效風(feng)(feng)能(neng)年(nian)平(ping)均時(shi)間(jian)達6485小時(shi)。光(guang)能(neng)資源也較好,全年(nian)太陽輻射總量為(wei)(wei)500千(qian)焦/平(ping)方(fang)厘米,年(nian)平(ping)均日照時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)2550.7小時(shi),日照百分率達58%。
市花:耐(nai)冬、月季
市樹:雪松