電動(dong)汽車電池充電模式全解 電動(dong)汽車充電方式

電動汽車常用充電模式

一、常規充電

1）概念：蓄電池在放電終止后(hou)，應立即充電（在特(te)殊(shu)情況下(xia)也不應超(chao)過24h），充電電流相當(dang)低，大小(xiao)約為(wei)15A，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)叫做常規(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。常規(gui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)都采(cai)用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)恒壓(ya)或恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)為5-8小時，甚至(zhi)長達10至20多(duo)個小時。

2）優缺點：因為所(suo)用(yong)功率和電流的(de)額(e)定值并不(bu)關(guan)鍵，因此充電器和安(an)裝成本(ben)比較(jiao)低(di)；可充(chong)分(fen)利用電(dian)力低谷時段進行充(chong)電(dian)，降低充(chong)電(dian)成(cheng)本；可提高充(chong)電(dian)效率(lv)和延長(chang)電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽命(ming)。常規充(chong)電(dian)模式的主要缺點為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)時間過(guo)長(chang)，有緊急運行需求時難以滿足。

二、快速充電

快速充電又稱應急充電，是以較大電流短時間在電動汽車停車的20分鐘至2小時(shi)(shi)內，為其(qi)提供短時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)服(fu)務，一(yi)般(ban)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流為150～400A。

1）概念：常規蓄電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)方法一般時(shi)間較長，給實際使(shi)用(yong)帶(dai)來許(xu)多(duo)不便(bian)。快速充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池的出現，為純電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的商業化提(ti)供了技(ji)術支持。

2）優缺點：充(chong)電時間短；充電電池壽命長（可充電2000次以上）；沒有記憶性，可以大容量充電及放電，在幾分鐘內就可充70%～80%的電；由于充電在短時間內（約為10-15分鐘）就(jiu)能使電池(chi)儲電量達到80%-90%，與加(jia)油時間相(xiang)(xiang)仿(fang)，因此，建(jian)設相(xiang)(xiang)應充(chong)電(dian)站時可不配(pei)備(bei)大(da)面積停(ting)車場。但(dan)是(shi)，相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)常規(gui)充(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式，快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)也存(cun)在一定(ding)的缺點：充(chong)電(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)效率較低，應的工作(zuo)和(he)安裝成本較高，充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流大(da)，特別考慮。

三、機械充電

1）概念(nian)：即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組快速(su)更(geng)(geng)換系統。通過直(zhi)接更(geng)(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組來達到為其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組重量較(jiao)大(da)，更(geng)(geng)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)要求較(jiao)強，需配備專業(ye)(ye)人員借助(zhu)專業(ye)(ye)機(ji)械來快速(su)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)換、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)維護。

2）優缺(que)點(dian)：電動(dong)汽車用(yong)戶可租用(yong)充滿電的蓄電池(chi)，更換已(yi)經(jing)耗(hao)盡的蓄電池(chi)，有利于(yu)提(ti)高車輛(liang)使用(yong)效率(lv)，也(ye)提(ti)高了(le)用(yong)戶使用(yong)的方便性和快捷性；對更換下(xia)來的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)以利用低(di)谷時(shi)段進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，降低(di)了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，提高了(le)(le)車(che)輛(liang)運行(xing)經濟性；解決了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間乃至蓄存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)質(zhi)量、續(xu)駛里程長(chang)及(ji)價格等(deng)難題；可(ke)以及(ji)時(shi)發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的問(wen)題，進行(xing)維修工(gong)作，對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的維護工(gong)作將具有積(ji)極意義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度的降低(di)也將有利于提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命。