【汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)】汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)怎么充電(dian) 汽車蓄電池充電時間(jian)

電(dian)解液比重(zhong)降(jiang)至1.2以(yi)(yi)下；冬(dong)季放(fang)電(dian)超過(guo)25%；夏季放(fang)電(dian)超過(guo)50%；燈光暗淡；啟動(dong)無力時應進行充電(dian)。有(you)的(de)車主認為，快速充電(dian)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)節(jie)省時間，只需要(yao)3-5個小(xiao)時。其實不然(ran)，快速充電(dian)只是(shi)迅(xun)速把電(dian)池(chi)表面激活，而(er)實際上電(dian)池(chi)內部是(shi)沒有(you) 完全充滿電(dian)的(de)。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性(xing)能(neng)。雖說充(chong)電是個相當簡單(dan)的操作(zuo)，但也有一些注意事項：

向鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時，要穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有火花，禁止(zhi)抽(chou)煙。

對一(yi)個(ge)或對多個(ge)蓄電(dian)池(chi)并聯充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)壓不(bu)要超過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽車上的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)設(she)備越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多，車主在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)這些電(dian)(dian)動(dong)設(she)備時，盡量不要(yao)讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超負荷(he)工(gong)作。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的超負荷(he)工(gong)作會減少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命(ming)。掌握正確的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法很重要(yao)。

首先將電(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)，電(dian)(dian)池負(fu)極(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源負(fu)極(ji)。

初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段進行：首(shou)先用(yong)初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流充到電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)放出氣泡，單格電(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然(ran)后將電(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，繼(ji)續(xu)充到電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)放出劇烈的氣泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)3h穩定不變為(wei)止。全(quan)部充電(dian)(dian)時間約(yue)為(wei)45~65h。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中應常(chang)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)溫度用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減(jian)半、停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)冷卻(que)的方法，將溫度控制在35~40℃，初充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢時(shi)，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)比重不合(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，應用蒸餾水(shui)或(huo)比重為1.4的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2h，直至比重符合(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)為止。

提示:蓄電池一般二、三年(nian)更換一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充(chong)電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常(chang)忽視對在(zai)用(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)車上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹(che)底，易造成(cheng)極(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)；同時，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)，倘(tang)若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)就會(hui)慢慢硫化(hua)。這(zhe)種慢性硫化(hua)，會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)不(bu)斷降低，直到(dao)起動無力，大大縮(suo)短(duan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。為使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活(huo)性物質及時得到(dao)還原，減(jian)少極(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)，提高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)，延長其使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命，對在(zai)用(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電池經常過(guo)量充(chong)電，即(ji)使充(chong)電電流不大，但電解液長(chang)時間“沸(fei)騰”，除(chu)了活性物質表面的細(xi)小顆粒易于(yu)脫落外，還會使柵(zha)架過(guo)分氧(yang)化，造成活性物質與柵(zha)架松散剝離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)電池(chi)電荷(he)容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)工作，甚(shen)至導致蓄(xu)電池(chi)報廢。因此(ci)，充電時一定要注意極(ji)性，切不(bu)可(ke)極(ji)性充反。