【汽車蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)】汽車蓄電(dian)池怎么(me)充(chong)電(dian) 汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時間

電(dian)解液(ye)比重降(jiang)至1.2以下(xia)；冬(dong)季放電(dian)超過25%；夏季放電(dian)超過50%；燈光暗淡；啟動(dong)無力(li)時應進行充電(dian)。有的車(che)主認為(wei)，快速充電(dian)可以節省時間(jian)，只需要3-5個小時。其實不然(ran)，快速充電(dian)只是迅速把(ba)電(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)激活(huo)，而實際上(shang)電(dian)池(chi)內部是沒(mei)有 完全充滿電(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性能(neng)。雖說(shuo)充(chong)電是個(ge)相當簡(jian)單的操作，但也有一些(xie)注意事項：

向(xiang)鉛酸電池充電時，要穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有火花，禁止抽(chou)煙(yan)。

對一個(ge)或對多個(ge)蓄電(dian)池并聯充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當(dang)今汽(qi)車上的電(dian)(dian)動設(she)備越來越多(duo)，車主(zhu)在(zai)使(shi)用這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)動設(she)備時，盡量(liang)不要讓蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池超負(fu)荷(he)(he)工作。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的超負(fu)荷(he)(he)工作會減少蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的壽命。掌握正確(que)的蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)方法很重要。

首先將(jiang)電(dian)池正極(ji)接電(dian)源正極(ji)，電(dian)池負極(ji)接電(dian)源負極(ji)。

初(chu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段(duan)進行：首先用初(chu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)氣(qi)泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)到(dao)2.3~2.4V為(wei)(wei)止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)(wei)1/2初(chu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼續(xu)充(chong)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)劇烈的氣(qi)泡(pao)，比征和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連(lian)續(xu)3h穩定不(bu)變為(wei)(wei)止。全部(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為(wei)(wei)45~65h。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中應常測量電(dian)解液(ye)溫度用(yong)電(dian)流減半、停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)或冷(leng)卻(que)的(de)方法，將溫度控制(zhi)在35~40℃，初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)完(wan)畢時(shi)，若電(dian)解液(ye)比(bi)(bi)重不(bu)合規定(ding)，應用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水或比(bi)(bi)重為1.4的(de)電(dian)解液(ye)進行調(diao)整。調(diao)整后再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)2h，直至比(bi)(bi)重符合規定(ding)時(shi)為止。

提示:蓄電池一般二、三年更換一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充(chong)電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后(hou)再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常(chang)忽視對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)車上(shang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)徹底，易造(zao)成極(ji)板(ban)硫化；同時，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用中充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長(chang)期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)就會慢慢硫化。這種慢性硫化，會使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷降(jiang)低，直到起(qi)動無力(li)，大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)活性物(wu)質(zhi)及時得到還(huan)原，減少極(ji)板(ban)硫化，提(ti)高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量(liang)，延長(chang)其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用壽命，對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應定(ding)期進行補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電池經常(chang)過量充電，即使(shi)(shi)充電電流不大，但電解液(ye)長時間(jian)“沸騰”，除了活性物質表面的(de)細小顆粒(li)易于(yu)脫(tuo)落(luo)外(wai)，還(huan)會使(shi)(shi)柵架過分氧化，造(zao)成(cheng)活性物質與(yu)柵架松(song)散剝(bo)離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄電池電荷(he)容(rong)量不足(zu)，不能正常工(gong)作，甚至(zhi)導致(zhi)蓄電池報(bao)廢(fei)。因此，充電時(shi)一定(ding)要注意極(ji)性，切不可極(ji)性充反。