一、蓄電池充電器原理

現在市場上比較好的(de)12V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)一(yi)般都采用的(de)是三段式(shi)(shi)智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)設計原理(li)多常(chang)用開關(guan)恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)設計。什么是三段式(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)?讓我們(men)先來(lai)了解一(yi)些(xie)12V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)概念。

1、浮充：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液及極(ji)板中存(cun)在(zai)雜質，會在(zai)極(ji)板上(shang)形成局部放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此為使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)飽(bao)滿的(de)狀態下處于備用狀態，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池與12V充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機并(bing)聯，接于直流(liu)母線上(shang)，12V充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機除擔負經常的(de)直流(liu)負荷外，還給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池適當的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這種方式叫(jiao)做(zuo)浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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2、均(jun)充(chong)：均(jun)充(chong)就是(shi)(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。所謂均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)均(jun)衡(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池特性(xing)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)(shi)指在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用過程中，因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)個體差異(yi)、溫度差異(yi)等原(yuan)因造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，為(wei)了(le)避免這種不(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)趨(qu)勢的(de)(de)惡(e)化(hua)(hua)，需要提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)活化(hua)(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。均(jun)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)般為(wei)14.5V，均(jun)充(chong)時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)大于10小時(shi)。

一般是在下列情況下蓄電池需要均衡充電。

1、電(dian)停(ting)電(dian)后電(dian)池釋放的能量超(chao)過總容量的15%。

2、蓄(xu)電池長期處于浮充狀態(電網穩定(ding)，長期不(bu)停電)。

3、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中，出現了落(luo)后電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在浮充狀態(tai)下單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于2.2V，更換新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)后。

先充電的三個階段：

1、第一(yi)階段(duan)---恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)段(duan)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低時，為(wei)了避(bi)免充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應(ying)該(gai)限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能過(guo)(guo)大(da)，又為(wei)了縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間，應(ying)使用允許的(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以采用了恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，12V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機始終以恒(heng)(heng)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(一(yi)般為(wei)0.18---3C，C為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang))自動調整輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會越充(chong)(chong)(chong)越高，直至升(sheng)到(dao)2.45V每格(ge)。然后轉入(ru)下(xia)一(yi)階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)為(wei)主(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)約85--90%的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會超過(guo)(guo)析氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)2.35V/格(ge)，這也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都會失水(shui)的(de)原因。只是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)質量(liang)和12V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機質量(liang)的(de)不同(tong)，失水(shui)的(de)程度也(ye)會有較大(da)的(de)差異(yi)。

2、第二階(jie)段---恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓段，當(dang)(dang)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou)，12V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就不變了(le)，保(bao)持這(zhe)個恒(heng)(heng)(heng)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)小，當(dang)(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降(jiang)到0.5C時，恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束，然(ran)后(hou)轉入(ru)下一階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，恒(heng)(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段就是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，結束時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已基本(ben)充(chong)(chong)滿。

恒壓(ya)(ya)階段電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，會造成過度失水(shui)和(he)(he)過度充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過低(di)會導(dao)致欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)硫化。所以應嚴格控制(zhi)其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。有的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在這個階段，加(jia)大了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，同時(shi)加(jia)入了(le)(le)負脈(mo)沖放電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，用以消(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板表面的(de)濃(nong)差極(ji)化現(xian)象，改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力和(he)(he)降(jiang)低(di)溫(wen)升，減輕了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)過度失水(shui)，從而進一步縮短(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，這就是負脈(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。

有的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)平滑直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)為(wei)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)就叫脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)利(li)用具有間(jian)隔的(de)短時間(jian)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性，既改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)池受電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，又(you)有除硫的(de)效果。

3、第三階段(duan)--浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)段(duan)，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)叫涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)實際上也(ye)是恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)較小(xiao)，屬保養性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，允許較長時間(jian)安全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)這個(ge)階段(duan)12V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般控制在(zai)13.6--13.8V左右(you)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)較自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)略大，一般為0.01--0.03C左右(you)。通過(guo)涓流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可以(yi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)接近100%.過(guo)小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不足(zu)以(yi)彌補電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會導致(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和失(shi)水。小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)長時間(jian)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，具有(you)消除負極板(ban)硫化的(de)作用。

汽車蓄電池怎么充電>>

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二、汽車蓄電池充電機怎么用

1、選(xuan)用和汽(qi)車蓄電池匹配的充(chong)電器。

現(xian)在(zai)的家用(yong)轎(jiao)車使用(yong)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池一般都(dou)是免維護(hu)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池，額定電(dian)壓12V，購買汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)器時要了(le)解自己愛車(che)的電(dian)池類型，以(yi)選用(yong)合適的蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)器。同時，最好選用(yong)10A以下(xia)的(de)充電器(qi)。充電電流小點，更有利(li)于保護蓄電池。

2、建議取下蓄電池，在通風良好的房間進行充電。

家用轎車的蓄(xu)電池拆卸都很方(fang)便，車主(zhu)完(wan)全可以自己動手操(cao)作。關閉全車所有電器后(hou)，鎖上所有的車窗、車門。打開(kai)引擎蓋，用小扳手松開(kai)蓄(xu)電池負極(ji)(ji)(ji)的螺絲，就可以從蓄(xu)電池負極(ji)(ji)(ji)樁頭上取下負極(ji)(ji)(ji)連線。用同(tong)樣的方(fang)法取下蓄(xu)電池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)連線。注(zhu)意先取下負極(ji)(ji)(ji)連線，再取下正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)連線。

將(jiang)蓄電池(chi)充好(hao)電，安裝時，要先連接好(hao)正極，再連接負極。用小(xiao)扳手擰緊蓄電池(chi)樁(zhuang)頭緊固螺(luo)絲時，要適當用力(li)，不可(ke)用力(li)過大，否則(ze)可(ke)能(neng)會導(dao)致螺(luo)絲滑扣。

搬動蓄電池的時候要(yao)(yao)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放，保持(chi)蓄電池正負極樁頭朝上，不要(yao)(yao)將蓄電池倒置。

充(chong)電時要先將充(chong)電器(qi)的輸(shu)出對應連接在蓄電池正負極樁頭，再將充(chong)電器(qi)220V插(cha)頭插(cha)入(ru)市(shi)電插(cha)座。

連接(jie)蓄電池(chi)時，一定要(yao)注意正(zheng)負極(ji)接(jie)線和電瓶樁頭的(de)對(dui)應，正(zheng)極(ji)對(dui)正(zheng)極(ji)，負極(ji)對(dui)負極(ji)。對(dui)于沒有反接(jie)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)充電器來(lai)說，接(jie)反的(de)話會導(dao)致(zhi)充電器和電瓶的(de)損壞。

建議購買防反接的汽車電瓶(ping)充電器，或者，無極型(xing)汽車電瓶(ping)充電器。

3、條件允許(xu)的話(hua)，也可以在車上給蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)，充電(dian)時(shi)，一定要斷開負極(ji)連線(xian)！

4、強烈建議：給汽車蓄電池充電選(xuan)擇白(bai)天進行，車主(zhu)或者車主(zhu)委托專(zhuan)人，隔上(shang)30分鐘(zhong)到一小時查看一次，觸摸(mo)蓄電池(chi)外殼、充(chong)電器是否過(guo)熱，充(chong)電過(guo)程有無異味。有任何異常，應立(li)即停止充(chong)電。

5、操(cao)作過程，要嚴禁煙火。