一、電動三輪車充電指南

1．新車的初次充電方法

新車(che)最好先充(chong)(chong)電后使(shi)(shi)用。方法是把充(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)調(diao)至14A以內，充(chong)(chong)電l5h以上(shang)。前(qian)5～l0次充(chong)(chong)電時間盡量長些，這樣能使(shi)(shi)蓄電池極(ji)板上(shang)滲透性物質(zhi)充(chong)(chong)分(fen)反應，有(you)利于(yu)提高(gao)整車(che)行駛里(li)程和延(yan)長蓄電池的使(shi)(shi)用壽命。

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2．是否每天都需要充電

按用(yong)戶的(de)(de)使用(yong)習慣，一般白天使用(yong)，晚(wan)上(shang)回家(jia)充(chong)電。電動(dong)三輪車充(chong)足電可(ke)行駛(shi)80～120km，蓄電池的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)壽(shou)命為充(chong)、放(fang)電700次以上(shang)(兩年)。

(1)如果行駛里(li)程夠用，建(jian)議每天只充電一次。

(2)如果不夠用(yong)中(zhong)午可補充充電一次。

(3)虧電狀態要充(chong)8h以(yi)上，如(ru)果電沒有用完(夏天行駛50km以(yi)內(nei)，冬天行駛30km以(yi)內(nei))，視實際行駛里程可縮(suo)短充(chong)電時間，經驗證(zheng)明一(yi)般行駛1h或(huo)20km，要充(chong)電2h。

(4)如果每(mei)天行駛(shi)10km以(yi)內，可2天充一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)，每(mei)次(ci)充電(dian)時(shi)間2h以(yi)上，長期這樣使用，每(mei)隔10天左右要進行一(yi)次(ci)深充電(dian)(10h以(yi)上)。

3．充電器

充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)在充(chong)完(wan)電后(hou)應(ying)及時(shi)清(qing)理(li)機器(qi)(qi)內散熱風扇上的灰塵，這樣對延長充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命至關重要。

二、電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是現在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車主要采(cai)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不是用(yong)壞(huai)的而是充(chong)壞(huai)的，決(jue)非(fei)危言聳聽，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)好壞(huai)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命和使用(yong)性(xing)能(neng)起著舉足輕重的作用(yong)，必(bi)須重視。

1、蓄電池的放電深度對蓄電池循環使用壽命影響很大，這是因為放電深度越深，電極膨脹收縮量越大，正極的活性物質脫落越多，從而失去放電特性，性能下降，直至壽命終止。所以蓄電池使用(yong)時應盡量避免深(shen)度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，做到淺放(fang)(fang)勤(qin)充，一般情況應做到：蓄電(dian)(dian)池以(yi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度為50%-70%時充一次電(dian)(dian)最佳。

2、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后，繼(ji)續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會嚴重損害蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這是(shi)因(yin)為此時(shi)(shi)極易(yi)形成(cheng)不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽化(hua)，從(cong)而使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復能力變差，甚(shen)至無(wu)法修復。所以蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)防止(zhi)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓(ya)(ya)保護”是(shi)有(you)效的(de)措(cuo)施。“欠壓(ya)(ya)保護”措(cuo)施是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)控(kong)制器控(kong)制的(de)，但因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)儀表(biao)和指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)受控(kong)制器控(kong)制，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)鎖(suo)一旦(dan)合(he)上(shang)就開始(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長時(shi)(shi)間放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就會出現過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此，不(bu)得長時(shi)(shi)間開鎖(suo)，不(bu)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)立即關掉。

3、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流應小(xiao)于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)池可以接受的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，否則，過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的過剩電(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)解水液過快地消耗掉(diao)，并產(chan)生(sheng)嚴重的析(xi)氣現象，時(shi)間長(chang)了將使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)得十分困難，所以充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)因盡可能(neng)防(fang)止過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。正(zheng)規廠家生(sheng)產(chan)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)可確保(bao)不對電(dian)(dian)池過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池尤其(qi)怕虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將有可能永(yong)久損壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用過后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于長期(qi)不使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，應每隔(ge)15天左(zuo)右對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存放(fang)(fang)時的自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失。

5、蓄電(dian)池(chi)在高溫季(ji)節(jie)運行，主要存(cun)在過充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題。因(yin)此(ci)，夏天應(ying)盡量降低(di)(di)蓄電(dian)池(chi)溫度，保(bao)證良好的(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)，防止(zhi)在烈日暴曬(shai)后即充(chong)電(dian)，并應(ying)遠(yuan)離熱(re)源(yuan)。在低(di)(di)溫情況(kuang)下，充(chong)電(dian)主要存(cun)在充(chong)電(dian)接受(shou)能力差、充(chong)電(dian)不(bu)足(zu)造成電(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)的(de)(de)問(wen)題。低(di)(di)溫時應(ying)采取保(bao)溫防凍措施，特別是充(chong)電(dian)時應(ying)放在溫暖的(de)(de)環境中，有利于保(bao)證充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)，防止(zhi)不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸鹽化的(de)(de)產生，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。

6、一般情況下，放電深(shen)度較(jiao)大的蓄電池(chi)使用壽命在1年左右(you)，放電深(shen)度在50%-70%的蓄電池(chi)壽命在1年半左右(you)。