二王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)古(gu)建(jian)筑群坐(zuo)落(luo)在今都江(jiang)(jiang)堰西門外的(de)(de)(de)玉壘(lei)山(shan)麓,是世界文化遺產都江(jiang)(jiang)堰的(de)(de)(de)重要組成(cheng)部分。該廟(miao)是為紀念都江(jiang)(jiang)堰的(de)(de)(de)開鑿(zao)者(zhe)、秦蜀郡太守李(li)冰(bing)(bing)及其子二郎而修(xiu)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。二王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)初建(jian)于南北(bei)朝,現存建(jian)筑系清末民初所建(jian),山(shan)門“二王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)”3個金(jin)字是愛國將領馮玉祥(xiang)將軍的(de)(de)(de)手筆。廟(miao)內(nei)有(you)李(li)冰(bing)(bing)和(he)二郎的(de)(de)(de)塑像(xiang),石壁上(shang)嵌有(you)李(li)冰(bing)(bing)以及后人關于治水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)格言,被稱為治水(shui)三字經。后殿右側有(you)畫家(jia)張大千、徐悲鴻(hong)等人的(de)(de)(de)碑刻(ke)。
二王(wang)廟(miao)原(yuan)為望(wang)(wang)帝祠(ci),齊(qi)明帝時,益(yi)州剌史(shi)劉季連將望(wang)(wang)帝祠(ci)遷(qian)往郫縣(xian)。齊(qi)明帝建(jian)武(wu)元(yuan)年(494),為紀念中國都(dou)江堰(yan)的(de)開鑿者、秦蜀郡太守李冰(bing)及其子二郎修建(jian)都(dou)江堰(yan)的(de)崇(chong)偉(wei)功(gong)德,將原(yuan)望(wang)(wang)帝祠(ci)加以改建(jian),更名為崇(chong)德廟(miao)。宋以后(hou),李冰(bing)父子相繼被敕封為王(wang),因此又改稱為二王(wang)廟(miao)。臨岷(min)江,后(hou)依(yi)翠嶺,南望(wang)(wang)青城(cheng),西連岷(min)山,遠近風(feng)光十分(fen)綺麗,故有“玉(yu)壘仙都(dou)”的(de)美譽。
廟門前壁上有清(qing)(qing)代末年(nian)繪制(zhi)的《都江堰灌溉區域圖》,是(shi)極為(wei)珍貴(gui)的歷史(shi)資(zi)料。廟內觀(guan)瀾亭(ting)下,一(yi)排丹墻石(shi)壁上鐫(juan)刻著兩則(ze)治(zhi)水《三(san)(san)字(zi)經(jing)》。一(yi)則(ze)為(wei)清(qing)(qing)同治(zhi)十三(san)(san)年(nian)(1874)灌縣(xian)知縣(xian)胡圻依據歷代都江堰治(zhi)水經(jing)驗(yan)編(bian)成(cheng)的《三(san)(san)字(zi)經(jing)》,文(wen)曰(yue):“六字(zi)傳,千秋鑒(jian)。挖河心,堆堤岸。分四六,平潦(liao)旱。水畫符,鐵樁見。籠編(bian)密(mi),石(shi)裝(zhuang)健。砌(qi)角嘴,安(an)羊圈(quan)。立湃闕(que)(que),留漏(lou)罐。遵舊(jiu)制(zhi),復古埝(nian)。”另一(yi)則(ze)是(shi)清(qing)(qing)光緒三(san)(san)十二年(nian)(1906),成(cheng)都府知文(wen)煥對原《三(san)(san)字(zi)經(jing)》作修改,又重刻于(yu)二王廟石(shi)壁上。內容是(shi):“深掏灘,低作埝(nian)。六字(zi)旨,千秋鑒(jian)。挖河沙,堆堤岸。砌(qi)魚嘴,安(an)羊圈(quan)。立湃闕(que)(que),留漏(lou)罐。籠編(bian)密(mi),石(shi)裝(zhuang)健。分四六,平潦(liao)旱。水畫符,鐵樁見。歲(sui)勤修,預防患。遵舊(jiu)制(zhi),毋擅(shan)變。”后(hou)人(ren)總(zong)結(jie)的治(zhi)水《八字(zi)經(jing)》:“乘勢利導(dao),因時制(zhi)宜(yi)”、“具灣(wan)截(jie)角,逢正抽(chou)心”被認為(wei)是(shi)飽含哲理的治(zhi)水真諦,至(zhi)今廣為(wei)傳頌。
二(er)王廟有(you)大(da)小殿堂(tang)10余(yu)座,規模宏大(da),布局嚴謹(jin),倚山臨(lin)江,錯落有(you)致,素(su)有(you)“玉壘仙都(dou)”的(de)(de)美譽。廟內建(jian)(jian)筑飛檐翹角(jiao),雕梁(liang)畫棟(dong),主次分明,造型精美,有(you)著(zhu)很高的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑和藝術價值。《西游(you)記(ji)》、《紅樓(lou)夢》等電視片都(dou)曾(ceng)在此地取景拍攝。與都(dou)江堰水利(li)工程一道(dao),二(er)王廟被聯合國教科文(wen)組織列(lie)為(wei)“世界文(wen)化遺產”。現存(cun)建(jian)(jian)筑為(wei)清代(dai)重修。廟宇依(yi)山取勢,層(ceng)層(ceng)而上,宏偉秀麗,四(si)周古(gu)木(mu)濃蔭,環(huan)境幽美。大(da)殿及(ji)后殿內有(you)李冰(bing)(bing)及(ji)二(er)郎塑像。廟內石(shi)壁間刻有(you)李冰(bing)(bing)治水的(de)(de)口(kou)訣:“深掏(tao)攤,低作堰”“遇灣截角(jiao),逢正(zheng)抽心”等。
初建于東漢,時為紀念蜀(shu)王杜宇(yu)的“望帝祠”,南朝齊明(ming)帝建武年間(jian)(494—498),益州刺(ci)吏劉季連(lian)遷(qian)“望帝祠”于郫縣,改祀李冰父(fu)子于此(ci),稱(cheng)名“崇德廟(miao)”,后亦有“江瀆廟(miao)”,“李公廟(miao)”、“王廟(miao)”、“秦太守李公祠”、“真常(chang)道院”、“川主廟(miao)”、“顯英王廟(miao)”、“二王宮”之(zhi)稱(cheng),清(qing)乾(qian)隆時之(zhi)《灌(guan)縣志》中稱(cheng)“二郎廟(miao)”,后遂(sui)稱(cheng)之(zhi)曰“二王廟(miao)”。唐、宋、元、明(ming)、清(qing)、民國年間(jian)均有修葺(qi)。
現存建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)多(duo)為民國(guo)十四年(nian)(1925)遭(zao)火災焚毀后住持(chi)李(li)云巖募資(zi)重(zhong)建(jian):從(cong)樂樓(正山門)起,廟內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)重(zhong),配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十六重(zhong);主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)奉三(san)眼二(er)郎(lang)神,配祀木雕楊二(er)郎(lang);老王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供奉李(li)冰夫婦;老君(jun)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)因祀老子(zi)(zi),故(gu)名,左右配建(jian)青龍、白虎兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);三(san)官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中祀天(tian)、地(di)、水三(san)官(guan)大帝;靈官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上下層,上祀道教(jiao)護法神王靈官(guan),下祀太白金星;另有(you)城隍殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、土地(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、娘娘殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、祈子(zi)(zi)宮、丁公(gong)祠、圣母殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、魁(kui)星閣、龍神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等。該廟占地(di)面積10,200平(ping)方米,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積6,050余平(ping)方米,規模(mo)宏(hong)大,布局(ju)嚴謹(jin),整(zheng)個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局(ju)不受中軸線的束縛,而在縱(zong)橫方向上依山就勢,疊落(luo)而筑(zhu)(zhu),層層樓臺,起伏有(you)序,曲折幽(you)(you)深,梯回壁轉,而又主(zhu)次分明,負山面水,極為幽(you)(you)靜(jing)。
二王(wang)廟前后殿(dian)(dian)分(fen)別(bie)塑李(li)冰(bing)及其子(zi)二郎像。前殿(dian)(dian)李(li)冰(bing)像身(shen)著袍服,正襟危坐(zuo),手(shou)拿(na)著半裹的絹圖,凝神(shen)沉思治(zhi)水(shui)方案(an);后殿(dian)(dian)二郎像草履便服,手(shou)執鐵鍤,英姿勃(bo)勃(bo),充滿青春豪邁激情。二王(wang)廟內匾(bian)額(e)、對(dui)聯、詩文、石碑甚鑫,有清果親王(wang)手(shou)書“功(gong)垂不朽”、光緒帝御筆(bi)“功(gong)昭蜀(shu)道(dao)”,以及“恢拓禹功(gong)名父子(zi),創開天府(fu)古神(shen)仙”等,都(dou)是(shi)對(dui)李(li)冰(bing)父子(zi)治(zhi)水(shui)功(gong)績的贊頌。李(li)冰(bing)殿(dian)(dian)后陳列商代(dai)(dai)古木(mu)、明(ming)代(dai)(dai)鐵花瓶、鐵蠟臺(tai),以及近代(dai)(dai)畫(hua)家徐悲鴻(hong)、張大千、關山月的繪畫(hua)碑刻,都(dou)有很高的考古和藝(yi)術價值(zhi)。