簡介
嘉祥(xiang)縣城南7.5公里處(chu)的青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),林泉茂美,有魯西南“小岱宗(zong)”之美譽。掩映于(yu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西麓(lu)長(chang)松(song)翠(cui)柏中(zhong)的千年古剎青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si),是周武王所封諸侯(hou)國君王的神(shen)廟,古稱“焦王祠”,俗稱“青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)”。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)常年香火不(bu)斷,鐘磬長(chang)鳴(ming),誦經聲、禱(dao)告(gao)聲不(bu)絕于(yu)耳。適(shi)逢青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟會,更是人(ren)流如(ru)潮,熱鬧非凡。四季景(jing)色各異(yi):春天可聞(wen)林鳥曉唱(chang),夏日(ri)可聽神(shen)洞(dong)僧話,秋(qiu)季可觀青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)夕照,冬日(ri)可看翠(cui)峰雪霽。可謂是:山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)色靄靄人(ren)間(jian)勝地(di),水(shui)聲潺潺世外(wai)洞(dong)天。2006年青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)被公布為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)除青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si)外(wai),還有法(fa)云寺(si)、龍泉寺(si)等六大寺(si)廟。1999年青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)被公布為市(shi)級自(zi)然(ran)風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。
惠(hui)濟公廟原名焦(jiao)王祠,據舊(jiu)縣志記載:“武王克商(shang),封神(shen)農之后于焦(jiao),世稱焦(jiao)王。”始(shi)封之焦(jiao)在宏(hong)農陜(shan)西(今河南陜(shan)縣),受(shou)封后移城(cheng)(cheng)于嘉祥青(qing)(qing)山東山腳下。現青(qing)(qing)山東有東、西焦(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)村,有古焦(jiao)王城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)。
焦王祠(ci)始建(jian)年代(dai)無(wu)考。據元(yuan)(yuan)東昌教(jiao)授趙衡正《重(zhong)修(xiu)惠濟公廟(miao)碑記(ji)》記(ji)載(zai):“廟(miao)左有漢建(jian)寧(ning)元(yuan)(yuan)年(公元(yuan)(yuan)168年)碑,碑毀無(wu)考,右立晉永安,頌文字剝落(luo)難(nan)辨……”。1102年(宋徽宗崇寧(ning)元(yuan)(yuan)年)封焦王為(wei)寧(ning)應侯;1121年(宣(xuan)和三(san)年),改(gai)建(jian)為(wei)惠濟公;次年,重(zhong)修(xiu)焦王祠(ci),改(gai)稱惠濟公廟(miao)。后經明、清(qing)兩(liang)代(dai)的多(duo)次重(zhong)修(xiu)、擴建(jian),始具現存規模。因祠(ci)廟(miao)位于青山,故(gu)群眾習(xi)稱為(wei)青山寺。
青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺坐(zuo)東面(mian)西,順應(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢,層層遞(di)升,設計巧妙,別具一格(ge)。崇宇高(gao)閣,掩映于(yu)古樹翠柏(bo)之中,景色頗為(wei)壯觀。從山(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)望去,在中軸線上的建(jian)筑有6個(ge)層次,即:泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)坊、三門、惠濟公大殿、寢殿、泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)行(xing)宮(gong)(gong)、玉(yu)(yu)皇廟、在惠濟公大殿兩側(ce),還(huan)有白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)宮(gong)(gong)、享殿、子母殿、萬佛閣、關帝廟、迎客廳(ting)等附屬建(jian)筑。
泰(tai)山行(xing)(xing)宮坊 位于青山腳下,明(ming)(ming)朝世襲魯肅王(wang)朱壽鏞1638年(nian)(明(ming)(ming)崇禎十一年(nian))修建(jian)(jian),是一座仿樓閣式的(de)三門(men)石(shi)質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑。中門(men)內(nei)外兩側4個石(shi)獅雕刻精細,造型生動;門(men)額(e)(e)(e)上刻“泰(tai)山行(xing)(xing)宮”,運筆自如,健勁有(you)力。兩側門(men)門(men)額(e)(e)(e)上有(you)皆雕有(you)浮龍、麒麟等圖像,刀法嫻熟。整個坊頂(ding)均仿木(mu)質(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑形式,石(shi)雕斗拱(gong)、歇山頂(ding)、鴟吻(wen)、瓦壟、瓦當……惟妙維肖。特別是中門(men)門(men)額(e)(e)(e)上面(mian)一組(zu)“明(ming)(ming)魯王(wang)晉見焦王(wang)”的(de)浮雕,主、賓(bin)、仆各具情(qing)態,栩栩如生。整個牌坊,堪稱一組(zu)格調和諧、技(ji)藝精湛(zhan)的(de)藝術品,有(you)較高的(de)藝術價值。
三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men) 從泰山行宮坊(fang)向東有一(yi)條(tiao)林木夾道漸漸升(sheng)高(gao)的山路,直通三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men)是惠濟公(gong)廟的大門(men)(men)(men)(men),重建于(yu)公(gong)元990年(北宋淳(chun)化元年),為灰瓦硬山式建筑。中門(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)間,兩(liang)側甬門(men)(men)(men)(men)各一(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。
惠濟公大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian) 是青山(shan)寺的(de)主體建(jian)筑,建(jian)于1米左右高(gao)的(de)石(shi)(shi)臺之上,1343年(nian)(元至正三年(nian))、1389年(nian)(明(ming)洪武二十(shi)二年(nian))兩(liang)次大(da)(da)(da)修(xiu)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)面闊五間(jian),南北(bei)長17.3米,東西寬6米,高(gao)約(yue)9米。五脊歇山(shan)頂,彩繪(hui)斗拱,綠瓦霞帔(pei),巍峨壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。前(qian)檐下4根高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu),通體平雕(diao)花(hua)卉(hui)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)雕(diao)梁畫棟(dong)、壁畫附飾,高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)朱漆雕(diao)龕中(zhong)原有(you)高(gao)達2.5米的(de)惠濟公金色(se)塑像。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)前(qian),1929年(nian)修(xiu)建(jian)龍頭碑一(yi)座(zuo)。在碑前(qian)建(jian)砌八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)“玉(yu)液池(chi)(chi)”,其外(wai)接圓直徑(jing)3米,雕(diao)砌以石(shi)(shi)欄。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)后(hou)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)一(yi)眼,題(ti)名“感應(ying)泉(quan)(quan)”,泉(quan)(quan)水經殿(dian)(dian)底(di)(di)暗(an)道,由(you)碑底(di)(di)部之龍頭口中(zhong)噴涌而出,常年(nian)不息,如珠似玉(yu),紛紛瀉(xie)入“玉(yu)液池(chi)(chi)”中(zhong),久雨不溢,常旱不涸(he),池(chi)(chi)水如碧,清(qing)流(liu)見(jian)底(di)(di)。泉(quan)(quan)、池(chi)(chi)以殿(dian)(dian)相(xiang)隔,如不留意(yi)觀(guan)察,人(ren)(ren)(ren)們多不知泉(quan)(quan)由(you)何來(lai),池(chi)(chi)水何去。這一(yi)奇(qi)幻景致(zhi),既(ji)是天工(gong),又是建(jian)造者的(de)匠(jiang)心獨具。雕(diao)鑿(zao)精致(zhi)的(de)龍頭碑兩(liang)側,鐫有(you)一(yi)幅“山(shan)色(se)靄靄人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)勝地;水聲潺(chan)潺(chan)世外(wai)洞天”的(de)楹聯,碑的(de)北(bei)側,刻有(you)清(qing)末進士王俊卿題(ti)“青山(shan)十(shi)八(ba)樂”詩十(shi)八(ba)首。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側皆(jie)配以五間(jian)享(xiang)殿(dian)(dian),連(lian)同三門,圍(wei)成一(yi)個小院落。院雖不大(da)(da)(da),但(dan)典雅(ya)秀麗,院內(nei)碑石(shi)(shi)婷婷,泉(quan)(quan)流(liu)叮咚;蒼松(song)遒勁,翠柏參天。奇(qi)景異致(zhi),吸(xi)引游人(ren)(ren)(ren)流(liu)連(lian)忘(wang)返。
這一(yi)層還有以(yi)下附屬(shu)建筑。白(bai)玉宮 位(wei)于(yu)(yu)三(san)門右(you)側,為單間(jian)(jian)二(er)層樓(lou)閣,內(nei)祀(si)《白(bai)蛇傳(chuan)》中的(de)白(bai)娘子(zi)。建于(yu)(yu)清末。子(zi)母殿(dian) 又名奶(nai)奶(nai)堂。位(wei)于(yu)(yu)惠濟公大殿(dian)北,1598年(nian)(明萬歷(li)二(er)十六年(nian))建,為三(san)間(jian)(jian)硬(ying)山(shan)式(shi)建筑,內(nei)祀(si)送子(zi)娘娘。迎客(ke)(ke)廳 位(wei)于(yu)(yu)惠濟公大殿(dian)南跨院內(nei),四(si)間(jian)(jian)廳堂式(shi)建筑。廳前配以(yi)嘉蘭修竹(zhu),清靜淡雅,是(shi)舊時主持僧人居住和來游的(de)官員、雅客(ke)(ke)休憩(qi)的(de)地方。萬佛(fo)閣 在迎客(ke)(ke)廳東邊,是(shi)三(san)間(jian)(jian)兩層硬(ying)山(shan)式(shi)樓(lou)閣,其中塑(su)有眾多佛(fo)像。關帝(di)廟 在萬佛(fo)閣北,三(san)間(jian)(jian)硬(ying)山(shan)式(shi)建筑,祀(si)三(san)國時關羽。
寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian) 穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)惠(hui)濟公(gong)大殿(dian)(dian),繞(rao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)感應泉,沿兩側石砌臺(tai)階,便至寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)。寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)三間建(jian)(jian)(jian)在高出于大殿(dian)(dian)的(de)山崖(ya)之上,內(nei)有(you)惠(hui)濟公(gong)及其兩位(wei)夫人(ren)(ren)的(de)塑像。泰山行宮(gong) 為“泰山圣母”的(de)離宮(gong),1634年(明崇禎七年)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于石砌高臺(tai)之上,繞(rao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian),登40余級臺(tai)階方(fang)可到達。宮(gong)闊三間,長10.45米,寬6米,高5.5米,黃瓦覆頂,五脊(ji)歇山式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。宮(gong)中原有(you)泰山碧霞(xia)元君(jun)塑像。宮(gong)前寬闊平坦的(de)月(yue)臺(tai),可供游人(ren)(ren)鳥(niao)瞰(kan)遠眺。“落日照青峰,赤城霞(xia)萬丈。幽(you)人(ren)(ren)動晚酌(zhuo),靜看月(yue)初上”。“青峰夕照”的(de)勝景可盡(jin)收眼底。
玉(yu)皇(huang)廟(miao) 建于青山(shan)絕頂,斗拱(gong)飛(fei)檐。廟(miao)內祀玉(yu)皇(huang)大帝。從山(shan)下(xia)望去,綠樹族擁,煙靄繚繞(rao),勢欲騰(teng)空。青山(shan)南(nan)北逶(wei)迤數里,除(chu)青山(shan)寺外,還有(you)法云寺、普(pu)興(xing)寺等古剎(cha)。青山(shan)洞,兩洞口上(shang)下(xia)重迭,洞內怪石千姿(zi)百態,幽(you)不可測。山(shan)上(shang)古木郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),數以萬(wan)計(ji);加之眾多果(guo)林(lin),春日花氣襲人,秋日林(lin)果(guo)飄香。真(zhen)可謂山(shan)不高而(er)秀,林(lin)不深而(er)幽(you)。