簡介
紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪鎮它是(shi)著名黃(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)策(ce)源地(di)(di)(di)(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍三大(da)主力之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)四(si)方(fang)面(mian)軍的(de)(de)誕生地(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)僅次(ci)于(yu)井岡山(shan)的(de)(de)第二大(da)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)——鄂(e)豫皖革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心,曾(ceng)被(bei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)名為“列(lie)(lie)寧市”。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an),原名黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an),位于(yu)大(da)別山(shan)南麓(lu)鄂(e)豫兩省交界處,七(qi)(qi)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),一(yi)(yi)群年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)人領導當地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)工(gong)發動了(le)(le)史稱“黃(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴動,并以此為中(zhong)(zhong)心建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)鄂(e)豫皖蘇(su)(su)維(wei)埃(ai)(ai)(ai)紅(hong)(hong)色政權(quan)。整個(ge)戰爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)14萬(wan)紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)兒女(nv)獻出(chu)了(le)(le)自己(ji)的(de)(de)生命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),從這片(pian)被(bei)血染紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang),也(ye)才走出(chu)了(le)(le)董(dong)必武(wu)、李先念兩任共(gong)和國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)家主席(xi),還有(you)(you)(you)韓先楚、秦基(ji)偉等威名顯赫的(de)(de)223名共(gong)和國(guo)的(de)(de)將軍。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪是(shi)第二次(ci)國(guo)內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)戰爭時期重(zhong)要的(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之一(yi)(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)共(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)的(de)(de)組織, 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue),中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(安(an)(an)(an))麻(城(cheng))特(te)(te)委(wei)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央“八(ba)七(qi)(qi)”會(hui)(hui)議精神(shen),領到了(le)(le)著名的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義(yi)(yi)。起(qi)義(yi)(yi)部隊在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪誓師,經過(guo)了(le)(le)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)(de)戰斗攻克了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)城(cheng),成(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)民(min)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)政權(quan),并建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)軍鄂(e)東軍。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),鄂(e)豫根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形成(cheng),七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪成(cheng)為根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心;1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪也(ye)被(bei)改名為“列(lie)(lie)寧市”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此召開了(le)(le)鄂(e)豫皖邊(bian)區(qu)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)兵(bing)代表大(da)會(hui)(hui),選(xuan)舉(ju)了(le)(le)蘇(su)(su)維(wei)埃(ai)(ai)(ai)政府成(cheng)員。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue),在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪組成(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍第四(si)方(fang)面(mian)軍,總(zong)指揮是(shi)徐向(xiang)前(qian),陳昌浩任政治委(wei)員。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址保(bao)存完整,現存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址四(si)十(shi)余處,有(you)(you)(you)鄂(e)豫皖特(te)(te)區(qu)蘇(su)(su)維(wei)埃(ai)(ai)(ai)、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)法庭、工(gong)會(hui)(hui)、銀行(xing)、黃(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)場(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)委(wei)駐地(di)(di)(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)軍經濟公社、列(lie)(lie)寧小學等。在(zai)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)坪鎮后山(shan)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)紀念碑,碑上(shang)(shang)鐫刻有(you)(you)(you)董(dong)必武(wu)手書的(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)烈(lie)士(shi)永(yong)垂(chui)不朽”八(ba)個(ge)大(da)字。
歷史沿革
紅安(an)(an)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪是第二次國(guo)(guo)內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期重(zhong)要的(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)根據地之一(yi)(yi)。1924年就建(jian)(jian)立了共(gong)產黨的(de)組織,1927年蔣介石發動(dong)“四(si)一(yi)(yi)二”政變叛變革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)后(hou),這里(li)(li)就成(cheng)為了黃麻地區(qu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)活動(dong)的(de)策源地。1927年11月(yue),中共(gong)黃(安(an)(an))麻(城)特委(wei)根據中央(yang)“八七(qi)”會(hui)議精神,領(ling)到了著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)黃麻起義(yi)。起義(yi)部(bu)隊在在七(qi)里(li)(li)坪誓師,經過了激烈的(de)戰(zhan)斗攻克(ke)了黃安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)城,成(cheng)立了黃安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)民(min)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)政權,并建(jian)(jian)立了中國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂(e)(e)東軍(jun)。1929年,鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)根據地形(xing)成(cheng),七(qi)里(li)(li)坪成(cheng)為根據地的(de)中心(xin)。1930年,鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)皖革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)根據地形(xing)成(cheng),七(qi)里(li)(li)坪也被改名(ming)為“列寧市”,成(cheng)為革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)根據地的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部(bu)分。同年秋在此召開了鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)皖邊(bian)區(qu)第一(yi)(yi)次工農(nong)兵代表(biao)大會(hui),選舉(ju)了蘇維埃政府成(cheng)員。1931年11月(yue),在七(qi)里(li)(li)坪組成(cheng)了中國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)紅軍(jun)第四(si)方面軍(jun),總指(zhi)揮是徐(xu)向前,陳昌浩任政治委(wei)員。
紅安(an)七里(li)坪革命(ming)(ming)舊址保(bao)存(cun)完整,現存(cun)革命(ming)(ming)舊址四十余處,有鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)特區蘇維埃、革命(ming)(ming)法庭(ting)、工會、銀行、黃(huang)麻起(qi)義會場、中(zhong)共黃(huang)安(an)縣(xian)委駐地(di)、紅軍經濟公(gong)社、列寧小學等。在七里(li)坪鎮(zhen)后(hou)山(shan)上(shang)建立了紀(ji)念碑(bei),碑(bei)上(shang)鐫刻有董必(bi)武手書的“革命(ming)(ming)烈士永(yong)垂不朽”八個大字。七里(li)坪革命(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念館設在列寧小學舊址,陳列有革命(ming)(ming)的史料供后(hou)人參觀(guan)。