一.產品介紹
扎(zha)龍(long)是中國(guo)著(zhu)名的珍貴水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu),位于(yu)齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾市(shi)區(qu)(qu)東南三十公里處(chu),地(di)處(chu)我國(guo)東北松嫩平原外圍的櫟林(lin)草原地(di)區(qu)(qu)。1976年(nian)由省林(lin)業廳開始籌建(jian),1979年(nian)黑龍(long)江(jiang)省人民政(zheng)府批(pi)準(zhun)建(jian)立黑龍(long)江(jiang)省扎(zha)龍(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)并(bing)成立扎(zha)龍(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理局。1987年(nian)4月國(guo)務院批(pi)準(zhun)扎(zha)龍(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。1992年(nian)中國(guo)加(jia)入《關于(yu)特別是作為(wei)(wei)水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)棲息地(di)的國(guo)際重要濕地(di)公約》,扎(zha)龍(long)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)被列(lie)入國(guo)際重要濕地(di)名錄。總面積二(er)十一萬公頃(qing)。區(qu)(qu)內地(di)勢(shi)低洼,河流漫溢,葦草叢生(sheng),湖泡(pao)星羅棋(qi)布(bu),是適于(yu)水禽(qin)(qin)(qin)鳥類棲息繁衍的天然樂園。1983年(nian)8月鄧小平親自(zi)來扎(zha)龍(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)視察,國(guo)際友(you)人也曾(ceng)多次參觀扎(zha)龍(long)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況:鐵鋒區地處松(song)嫩低(di)平原中部地帶,屬嫩江低(di)漫灘,地勢平坦,地形由(you)西北向東南(nan)逐漸降低(di),地面(mian)高程在143~146m之間,地面(mian)坡降l/8000~l/10000。地貌為(wei)松(song)嫩沖(chong)積平原的(de)一部分。土(tu)壤(rang)主要為(wei)暗(an)棕壤(rang)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)、沼澤土(tu)、草(cao)甸(dian)堿土(tu)。以(yi)中性(xing)粘土(tu)和砂壤(rang)質(zhi)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)為(wei)主,有機質(zhi)含量3.6%一4%,PH值(zhi)在7.0—7.5之間,土(tu)壤(rang)含鹽量0.3%以(yi)下,肥力(li)中等偏上。
(2)水(shui)文(wen)情況:該區(qu)(qu)(qu)氣(qi)候屬中(zhong)溫帶大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候,受內蒙古和西(xi)伯利(li)亞(ya)氣(qi)候的影響,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)冷暖分明,春(chun)秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)風少雨,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)溫多(duo)(duo)(duo)雨,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥。其(qi)特(te)點是氣(qi)溫變化大(da),日照時間(jian)長,降(jiang)雨時空分布不均(jun)(jun)(jun),風多(duo)(duo)(duo)風大(da)、頻率高(gao),土壤蒸發量(liang)大(da),春(chun)夏之交干旱頻生。多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)389~477mm,降(jiang)水(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內分配(pei)不均(jun)(jun)(jun),豐水(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(P=20%)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)486~567mm,枯水(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(P=75%)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)311~405mm,平水(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(P=50%)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)381~467mm。降(jiang)水(shui)集中(zhong)在7~9月份,雨量(liang)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的70%左右,春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(4~6月)降(jiang)水(shui)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的23%左右。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)840mm,一般春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)4~6月蒸發量(liang)最大(da),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的70%左右。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)徑(jing)(jing)流深為(wei)25mm。 保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內主要(yao)有(you)烏裕爾河及(ji)引(yin)嫩六(liu)支干渠、翁(weng)海排(pai)水(shui)干渠、克(ke)欽排(pai)水(shui)干渠,水(shui)域(yu)面積(ji)21平方公(gong)里(li)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)資(zi)源總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)0.37億(yi)m3。其(qi)中(zhong):多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)地表年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流量(liang)為(wei)0.34億(yi)m3,當地地表徑(jing)(jing)流量(liang)0.04億(yi)m3,區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)外(wai)入境(jing)徑(jing)(jing)流量(liang)0.3億(yi)m3;地下水(shui)綜合補給(gei)量(liang)為(wei)0.03億(yi)m3。 根據扎龍保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)、特(te)性及(ji)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的建設,均(jun)(jun)(jun)定期向(xiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內注入嫩江水(shui),經(jing)對區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)用水(shui)進(jin)行(xing)監測,評(ping)價結(jie)果表明,扎龍鯽魚產地用水(shui)所監測項目檢測值均(jun)(jun)(jun)未見超(chao)標,符(fu)合NY5051-2002要(yao)求,判定水(shui)質合
(3)氣候情況:該區(qu)年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2℃,冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)(一月(yue)(yue))平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen) -18.7℃,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-34℃。最(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(七月(yue)(yue))平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)22.6℃,極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39.7℃。多(duo)年平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)145mm,6-9月(yue)(yue)降水量(liang)(liang)占85%,降水年內分配不均(jun)(jun)(jun),時(shi)(shi)空、地域分配不均(jun)(jun)(jun),差異較大(da)(da)。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)為 1064mm,無霜期131d,日照時(shi)(shi)數2280h,10℃以上(shang)有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2800℃。最(zui)大(da)(da)凍土層深2.2m。
(4)人(ren)(ren)文歷(li)(li)史(shi)情(qing)況:扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)是中國(guo)(guo)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)水(shui)禽自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位于(yu)(yu)齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)東南三十(shi)公(gong)里處(chu),地(di)(di)處(chu)我國(guo)(guo)東北松嫩平原外圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)櫟林草(cao)原地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。1976年由(you)省林業廳開始籌建,1979年黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)省人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府批(pi)準(zhun)建立黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)省扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)并成(cheng)立扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管理(li)局。1987年4月(yue)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)批(pi)準(zhun)扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。1992 年中國(guo)(guo)加(jia)入(ru)《關于(yu)(yu)特別是作(zuo)為(wei)水(shui)禽棲(qi)(qi)息地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)約》,扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)被列入(ru)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)重要濕(shi)地(di)(di)名錄。總面(mian)積二十(shi)一萬公(gong)頃(qing)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)地(di)(di)勢(shi) 低(di)洼(wa),河流漫溢,葦草(cao)叢(cong)生,湖(hu)(hu)泡(pao)星羅(luo)棋布,是適于(yu)(yu)水(shui)禽鳥類(lei)(lei)棲(qi)(qi)息繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)樂園。 扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)鯽魚(yu)主要產(chan)于(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)、天(tian)鵝湖(hu)(hu)和(he)仙鶴湖(hu)(hu)3個湖(hu)(hu)內(nei),湖(hu)(hu)內(nei)鯽魚(yu)是當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要商品(pin)(pin)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)和(he)魚(yu)有(you)著不解之緣,稷(ji)子米飯鯽魚(yu)湯是當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)滿(man)族人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)食(shi)品(pin)(pin),也(ye)是滿(man)族人(ren)(ren)最喜(xi)愛和(he)招待(dai)尊貴(gui)客人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美味(wei)佳肴。現(xian)(xian)如今(jin),這種傳統(tong)(tong)文化仍在(zai)延續。隨著國(guo)(guo)家級扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設和(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷優化,到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)觀(guan)賞、旅游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)客逐年增加(jia),到(dao)國(guo)(guo)家級扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅游(you)、觀(guan)鶴,品(pin)(pin)嘗扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)野(ye)生魚(yu)正在(zai)成(cheng)為(wei)一種時尚。扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)野(ye)生魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)價值、競爭(zheng)優勢(shi)逐漸(jian)顯現(xian)(xian)。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)好(hao)扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)鯽魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)資源,讓廣大(da)人(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾(游(you)客)吃到(dao)安全(quan)、放(fang)心、營養豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)鯽魚(yu),經區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府研究決定,于(yu)(yu)2006年年初成(cheng)立了扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)水(shui)產(chan)養殖協(xie)會,“扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)湖(hu)(hu)”牌有(you)機(ji)魚(yu)于(yu)(yu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)8月(yue)獲得黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)江(jiang)綠環(huan)有(you)機(ji)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)批(pi)準(zhun)認(ren)證(zheng)。扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)鯽魚(yu),以其獨有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域特征、特性(xing)、品(pin)(pin)味(wei)吸引著全(quan)國(guo)(guo)各地(di)(di)客商、客戶,扎(zha)(zha)龍(long)(long)(long)鯽魚(yu)也(ye)從此被全(quan)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)民(min)認(ren)可,成(cheng)為(wei)歷(li)(li)屆綠博會的(de)(de)(de)(de)暢銷產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。
三.地域范圍
扎(zha)龍(long)(long)鯽魚主要分布在齊齊哈爾鐵鋒區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)境內(nei)的(de)(de)國家(jia)級(ji)扎(zha)龍(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei),地(di)(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)范圍為龍(long)(long)湖面積1200公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、天(tian)(tian)鵝湖面積366.67公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、仙鶴(he)湖面積500公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、總面積為2066.67公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。年產鯽魚170噸(dun)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經124°06″,北緯47°10″之間。國家(jia)級(ji)扎(zha)龍(long)(long)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),是(shi)世界第(di)4大,亞(ya)洲第(di)一大的(de)(de)國際重要濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di),中(zhong)國六大最(zui)美沼(zhao)澤,中(zhong)國最(zui)大的(de)(de)鶴(he)類(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。氣候(hou)屬北溫(wen)帶大陸性季風(feng)氣候(hou),春季干(gan)旱多風(feng),夏季溫(wen)暖多雨,秋季短而早霜(shuang)(shuang),冬季寒冷干(gan)燥,年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)3.2℃,年平(ping)均降雨量為415.5毫(hao)米,無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期平(ping)均為130天(tian)(tian)左右;區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,西高(gao)東低,濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)與平(ping)原連接地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,是(shi)同緯度地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)景觀最(zui)原始、物種(zhong)最(zui)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)綜(zong)合體。嫩江(jiang)支流烏裕爾河(he)到此失去河(he)道,漫(man)溢成大片沼(zhao)澤,葦叢(cong)茂密、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)域水(shui)質清(qing)新,水(shui)中(zhong)各(ge)種(zhong)生(sheng)物眾多,水(shui)生(sheng)植物繁茂,底棲生(sheng)物量豐(feng)富(fu),天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)餌(er)料極為豐(feng)富(fu),野(ye)生(sheng)魚類(lei)40余種(zhong),是(shi)魚類(lei)最(zui)佳的(de)(de)生(sheng)長、繁育天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)樂園(yuan)。申報扎(zha)龍(long)(long)鯽魚地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志有著德(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)條件。有利(li)于把具有我(wo)市獨特地(di)(di)(di)(di)域優(you)勢的(de)(de)農產品保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)起來。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
本部分內容主要(yao)表述反映登記產(chan)品(pin)(pin)特有的(de)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征和(he)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全方面遵(zun)循的(de)規定(ding),主要(yao)包括:
(1)外在感官特征:扎龍鯽魚,一般體(ti)(ti)長分別為10~15厘米。體(ti)(ti)側扁而高,體(ti)(ti)較(jiao)厚(hou),腹部圓。體(ti)(ti)態(tai)肥厚(hou)、光(guang)澤明亮。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質與(yu)特性:扎龍(long)(long)鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質和十幾種維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素。每100克(ke)鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)肉含(han)(han)(han)粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)含(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)17%,粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪含(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)0.25%,不飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸含(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)72%,鈣含(han)(han)(han)量大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)450mg/kg,磷大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1100mg/kg, 鐵(tie)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)60mg/kg,鋅大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)6.7mg/kg,鎂(mei)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)170mg/kg,另外還(huan)有糖(tang)、核(he)黃素等。保護區域內(nei)水(shui)(shui)源系無污染的(de)(de)嫩江(烏裕爾(er)河)水(shui)(shui)系,扎龍(long)(long)鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長主要依靠(kao)湖(hu)內(nei)天(tian)然餌料生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物,屬自然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。湖(hu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)質清新(xin)、肥沃(wo),加(jia)之湖(hu)的(de)(de)面積大(da)(da),使魚(yu)類迅速生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。肉質鮮(xian)嫩、味道鮮(xian)美(mei)(mei)、無異味、營養豐富(fu)、具有滋補(bu)健(jian)(jian)身的(de)(de)功效(xiao)。 鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)藥用價值極高,其性味甘(gan)、性平、性溫、健(jian)(jian)脾(pi)開胃,利尿(niao)、消腫、止(zhi)咳平喘(chuan),清熱解毒、利水(shui)(shui)消腫、補(bu)中益氣、祛除濕邪,祛毒除痔、消腫護肝等功效(xiao)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)扎龍(long)(long)鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)是在純天(tian)然、無污染的(de)(de)環境中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)魚(yu),所以口(kou)感(gan)上好。此產品(pin)鮮(xian)嫩、肥美(mei)(mei)、純正,百食不厭(yan)、。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):產品質量安(an)全嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)無(wu)公害(hai)水(shui)產品生產技術規 范及質量標(biao)準執(zhi)行(NY5053-2005)、DB23/T788-2004。
五.特定生產方式
1、范圍 本(ben)標準規(gui)定(ding)了(le)無公害淡水養殖的生態環(huan)境,環(huan)境空氣質量,淡水養殖水質,苗種(zhong)運輸、投放、養殖管理、捕(bu)撈、運輸銷售要(yao)求(qiu)。 本(ben)規(gui)程(cheng)適用(yong)于(yu)大中型水面生產無公害鯽魚。
2、產(chan)地(di)環境條件
(1)產地環境(jing)條(tiao)件符合NY5051-2002要求(qiu)
①大氣 產地(di)周(zhou)圍沒有(you)大氣污(wu)染源,沒有(you)有(you)害氣體排(pai)放,環境空氣質量符合無公害要(yao)求。
②水(shui)源 水(shui)源來自于(yu)純天然烏(wu)裕爾河水(shui)系,水(shui)質(zhi)清潔無污染(ran),水(shui)源充足,保證養殖期供給量(liang)。
③交通(tong) 3個湖(hu)位于扎(zha)龍鄉,距3.1國道4公里,道路(lu)平坦,交通(tong)便利,有利于水產品(pin)苗種(zhong)及產品(pin)運輸。
3 魚種選擇
(1)要(yao)選擇適應當(dang)地生態條件抗病力(li)強的優良(liang)品種。
(2)選擇苗種(zhong)應(ying)規格一(yi)致,體質健壯,無病(bing)害,活動力(li)強,品(pin)種(zhong)純正,生(sheng)長(chang)速度快的(de)優良苗種(zhong)。
4魚(yu)(yu)種(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)疫 苗(miao)種(zhong)經檢(jian)(jian)疫檢(jian)(jian)測沒(mei)有(you)病(bing)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)出血(xue)性(xing)(xing)敗血(xue)病(bing)、鯉春(chun)病(bing)毒(du)血(xue)癥,魚(yu)(yu)傳染(ran)性(xing)(xing)造器官壞死,魚(yu)(yu)鰓(sai)霉(mei)病(bing),并且不帶其(qi)他病(bing)菌及(ji)寄生(sheng)蟲類魚(yu)(yu)病(bing)的苗(miao)種(zhong)。
5 魚(yu)(yu)種運輸(shu) 5.1魚(yu)(yu)種運輸(shu) 采用(yong)(yong)充氧簍(lou)運輸(shu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質應符合NY5051-2002無(wu)公(gong)害食品淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養殖(zhi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質標準(zhun)(zhun),短(duan)途運輸(shu)魚(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比為(wei)2:1,長途運輸(shu)魚(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比為(wei)1:1。途中需換水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質應符合標準(zhun)(zhun)才(cai)能使用(yong)(yong)。
6 魚種(zhong)消毒(du) 魚種(zhong)放(fang)養前(qian)要進行消毒(du),可用1%的食(shi)鹽水(shui)浸(jin)浴5-20分(fen)鐘,可有(you)效(xiao)殺滅病原體。
7 魚種投(tou)(tou)放 魚種入湖,要(yao)選擇湖區上風口(kou)處投(tou)(tou)放,操(cao)作動作要(yao)輕,要(yao)快(kuai),不能(neng)弄傷(shang)魚體(ti),以防傷(shang)口(kou)感染病菌。
8、放(fang)(fang)(fang)養密度要根據湖內餌(er)料生(sheng)物、魚類(lei)生(sheng)長、歷年放(fang)(fang)(fang)養情況和回(hui)撲率(lv)等合理確定放(fang)(fang)(fang)養量(liang),防止放(fang)(fang)(fang)養量(liang)過大。
9 養殖管理
(1)鯽(ji)魚是典型的(de)(de)雜食(shi)性魚類,主(zhu)要(yao)取食(shi)小(xiao)型浮游動物,如輪蟲(chong)(chong),底棲(qi)動物,如小(xiao)型貝類、昆蟲(chong)(chong)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)、環節動物等(deng)。扎龍湖中有鯽(ji)魚所需的(de)(de)大量(liang)天然餌料(liao),能夠充分(fen)的(de)(de)滿(man)足其生長需要(yao),因此不(bu)需要(yao)投入人(ren)工餌料(liao)。
(2)全(quan)天巡湖(hu),觀察(cha)魚的活動(dong)及其攝食情況。日(ri)測(ce)量(liang)水溫(wen)2次,適度調節水的放流量(liang),以保(bao)持(chi)(chi)湖(hu)內水質新鮮,及時(shi)清(qing)(qing)除湖(hu)內污(wu)染物,保(bao)持(chi)(chi)湖(hu)水清(qing)(qing)潔。
(3)作好放(fang)養記(ji)(ji)錄:每天記(ji)(ji)錄水溫、流量,浮游(you)植物,浮游(you)動物量測定,魚類(lei)活動情況(kuang),攝食情況(kuang),進水流量,排污,出魚和投放(fang)情況(kuang),記(ji)(ji)錄應保持該批水產品出湖二年以上(shang)。
(4)定期檢查(cha):檢查(cha)魚(yu)的生長情況,檢查(cha)魚(yu)的大小、品種(zhong)、生長速度。
(5)加強水質監測(ce)管理。堅(jian)持對養殖用(yong)水進(jin)行定期監測(ce),包括水溫、酸(suan)堿度(du)(du)、溶(rong)解度(du)(du)、透明度(du)(du)、化學耗氧(yang)量、有害生(sheng)物(wu)、病(bing)原體等 各方面情況監測(ce)管理。
10 病害(hai)防治(zhi) 養魚(yu)生產每個環節都要(yao)嚴格把關。杜絕病原體(ti)侵入,防止(zhi)魚(yu)病交叉感染,消除具有發病所(suo)必須的外界(jie)環境條件,設專(zhuan)職(zhi)人員對水產品(pin)生產基(ji)地(di)實行嚴格監測、管護。
11 捕(bu)撈(lao)捕(bu)撈(lao)采(cai)取網(wang)捕(bu),禁止使用電捕(bu)、藥捕(bu)等破壞資源、污染水體(ti)、影響水產品(pin)品(pin)質的捕(bu)撈(lao)方式和方法。
12 運(yun)(yun)輸(shu) 短途(tu)(tu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)采取敞口(鋪塑料(liao)布(bu)或(huo)帆布(bu))箱式(shi)裝水(shui)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu),長途(tu)(tu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)采用活(huo)魚(yu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。盡量保(bao)持活(huo)魚(yu)入市,禁止使用化學(xue)防腐(fu)劑和保(bao) 鮮劑。 13 銷售(shou) 捕撈出的(de)水(shui)產品要達(da)到商品魚(yu)規格,經檢疫(yi)無病后(hou)并附產品標簽(qian)方可進入市場銷售(shou)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
本(ben)部分(fen)內(nei)容(rong)主(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)登記產品(pin)的包(bao)裝、標識、貯藏、運(yun)輸(shu)等內(nei)容(rong)。
(1)包(bao)裝(zhuang):地(di)域范圍內的生產(chan)經營企業(ye)要(yao)按照《農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標志 公(gong)(gong)(gong)共標識使用(yong)規(gui)范》的要(yao)求和農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)品質量安全中心公(gong)(gong)(gong)共標識授權(quan)規(gui)定,在產(chan)品或產(chan)品包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)正確使用(yong)全國統(tong)一的公(gong)(gong)(gong)共標識。扎龍鯽魚包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料采用(yong)PE材(cai)料的塑料袋,每袋5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。不(bu)得(de)含有(you)有(you)毒(du)有(you)害物質,不(bu)得(de)對(dui)內部鯽魚造(zao)成直(zhi)接或間接污染。
(2)標(biao)識:扎龍鯽魚統一使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產品地理(li)標(biao)志標(biao)識。
(3)貯(zhu)藏:扎龍鯽魚在避光、常溫、干燥和有防潮處貯(zhu)藏。