一.產品介紹
生豬,是重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)農產品(pin)(pin)之一。豬肉是人(ren)們日(ri)常(chang)生活(huo)、食品(pin)(pin)工業(ye)、化工工業(ye)等(deng)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要原(yuan)(yuan)料,是人(ren)們生活(huo)中不可缺少的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要食品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)(yuan)料。豬肉營養(yang)豐富(fu),具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。巴彥(yan)縣生豬養(yang)殖歷史雖(sui)然短(duan),但目前養(yang)殖規模大、商品(pin)(pin)量高(gao)居全國(guo)農業(ye)縣領先地位。
1、巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)范(fan)圍(wei)巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)的地(di)理(li)標志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品所(suo)在的具體地(di)理(li)位置是將巴(ba)彥(yan)縣境內(nei)3135.2平方(fang)公(gong)里區域(yu)劃定為巴(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)保護范(fan)圍(wei)。保護區面積為31.33萬公(gong)頃,2007年(nian)商(shang)品豬(zhu)(zhu)量(liang)為200萬頭。
2、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥豬肉的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)特點(dian)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥豬肉選擇三四(si)元(yuan)九交(jiao)豬進行(xing)加工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)是有其獨特的(de)(de)質量優勢(shi)的(de)(de),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥豬肉以(yi)三四(si)元(yuan)雜交(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)豬為(wei)原料,三四(si)元(yuan)雜交(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)豬來(lai)源(yuan)于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥縣(xian)特有的(de)(de)東北白豬為(wei)第一代(dai)母(mu)本或父本與長白、杜洛克、大約克夏等豬進行(xing)雜交(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)第二代(dai)雜交(jiao)豬,再(zai)用雜交(jiao)豬進行(xing)三、四(si)代(dai)繁殖(zhi),進行(xing)優勢(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)豬養殖(zhi),以(yi)優質的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)豬為(wei)原料進行(xing)科(ke)學屠宰加工(gong)(gong),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)具有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥地(di)方特點(dian)的(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥豬肉。
3、巴彥豬肉(rou)的質量要(yao)求一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)豬養(yang)殖(zhi)用(yong)(yong)巴彥縣(xian)當地綠色食品玉米、大(da)豆為(wei)主(zhu)料,生(sheng)產全價(jia)飼(si)(si)料進行養(yang)殖(zhi),不飼(si)(si)喂任(ren)何動(dong)物糞便(bian)發酵(jiao)飼(si)(si)料;二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家規(gui)定的獸藥進行疾病(bing)控制和治療(liao),不使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家禁用(yong)(yong)的獸藥;三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)遠離居民和交通要(yao)道,防止污(wu)染(ran);四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)行分圈式獨立養(yang)殖(zhi)莊氏養(yang)殖(zhi)法(fa)和徐氏防治法(fa);五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)喂糧食飼(si)(si)料養(yang)殖(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu),生(sheng)豬主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)元、四(si)元雜交豬,生(sheng)長期小(xiao)于(yu)12個月。
4、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)底(di)(di)蘊(yun)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷史:據民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)六年(nian)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記(ji)載:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)漢(han)(han)晉時(shi)期為夫余之地(di)(di)(di)(di)”。據張向(xiang)(xiang)凌(ling)《建(jian)議學點黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)歷史》所述:夫余約(yue)建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前三(san)世紀(ji)即戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期。《后漢(han)(han)書?夫余傳》記(ji)載:“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有君王,皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六畜名官,有馬加(jia)(jia)、牛(niu)加(jia)(jia)、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)、狗加(jia)(jia)、大(da)(da)(da)使者、大(da)(da)(da)使、使者。”可見,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業由(you)(you)來(lai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)久,清代(dai)(dai)咸豐年(nian)間(1860年(nian))黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江將(jiang)軍特(te)(te)普欽(qin)在此處(chu)設立開墾行(xing)局(ju),進(jin)行(xing)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量放墾,養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為主(zhu)。據《東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)叢刊》記(ji)載,民2年(nian)(1913年(nian))巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“賣卻之家(jia)畜惟牛(niu)與(yu)(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)每(mei)年(nian)賣千頭至(zhi)千五百頭,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五千至(zhi)六千口,牛(niu)先(xian)送往(wang)呼(hu)蘭(lan)市(shi)(shi)場,由(you)(you)呼(hu)蘭(lan)便(bian)驅往(wang)哈爾濱(bin),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送往(wang)哈爾濱(bin),雞鴨(ya)無(wu)(wu)(wu)運至(zhi)他(ta)處(chu)出賣,卵(luan)用(yong)汽船(chuan)遠銷黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)岸”。新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)推動生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)(ping):進(jin)入50年(nian)代(dai)(dai),引(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)(lv)明(ming)顯提高(gao)(gao),到80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)隨著(zhu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)增多(duo),開始繁(fan)殖(zhi)二(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量明(ming)顯提高(gao)(gao),到二(er)十世紀(ji)末,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)通過(guo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克(ke)、英系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)、比系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)、大(da)(da)(da)約(yue)克(ke)夏當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、四(si)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出高(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)(dou)在70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,同時(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)聘(pin)請省(sheng)(sheng)內畜牧專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia),結合(he)(he)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)在實(shi)踐中創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)莊(zhuang)氏養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)法,該(gai)法得到了(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)分肯(ken)定,據美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)說(shuo)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每(mei)頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔率(lv)(lv)為22頭,我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)洼興種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場每(mei)頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)仔成活率(lv)(lv)達(da)到24頭。比美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)出9.1%。達(da)到國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內領先(xian)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)稱(cheng)贊說(shuo):“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和技(ji)術熟程度(du)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上都(dou)(dou)是一(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)”。文化(hua)(hua)底(di)(di)蘊(yun):一(yi)是飼料(liao)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形特(te)(te)征,生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼料(liao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)形西向(xiang)(xiang),下午西斜(xie)時(shi),向(xiang)(xiang)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)面迎(ying)接(jie)西邊來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斜(xie)射光線(xian)呈對(dui)農(nong)作物(wu)來(lai)說(shuo)就是直(zhi)射光,光照充(chong)(chong)足,光合(he)(he)作用(yong)更好(hao),使農(nong)作物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量更加(jia)(jia)好(hao),由(you)(you)于(yu)飼料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)決定了(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)有自己獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)是雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)通過(guo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)杜洛克(ke)、英系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)、比系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白(bai)、大(da)(da)(da)約(yue)克(ke)夏當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)(deng)三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、四(si)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出高(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)(dou)在70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上。三(san)是典(dian)型養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)聘(pin)請省(sheng)(sheng)內畜牧專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia),結合(he)(he)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)在實(shi)踐中創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)莊(zhuang)氏養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)法,此法得到了(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)分肯(ken)定。美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)稱(cheng)贊說(shuo):“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和技(ji)術成熟程度(du)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上都(dou)(dou)是一(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四(si)是人文環(huan)(huan)(huan)境優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)、綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)對(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面整治,出臺(tai)了(le)一(yi)系(xi)列文件,用(yong)規章制度(du)控制基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,對(dui)污染(ran)企(qi)業進(jin)行(xing)了(le)徹底(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改造(zao),對(dui)農(nong)田進(jin)行(xing)整理,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境狀況總(zong)體較(jiao)好(hao),環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量基(ji)本(ben)(ben)趨于(yu)平(ping)(ping)穩,基(ji)本(ben)(ben)上無(wu)(wu)(wu)污染(ran)。輕度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境污染(ran)主(zhu)要有廢水(shui)、廢氣、固體廢棄物(wu)和噪(zao)聲四(si)個方面。大(da)(da)(da)氣總(zong)懸(xuan)浮(fu)微粒日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)280微克(ke)/立方米(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)氣二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)碳日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)28微克(ke)/立方米(mi),飲用(yong)水(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標率(lv)(lv)95%,地(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標率(lv)(lv)70%,城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通干(gan)線(xian)噪(zao)聲平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)67分貝(bei),城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境噪(zao)聲平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)值(zhi)55分貝(bei)。四(si)是科(ke)技(ji)管(guan)理優(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)協會制定豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢驗標準(zhun)(zhun),衛生(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標、營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標、農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)(can)留指(zhi)(zhi)標、重金(jin)屬指(zhi)(zhi)標都(dou)(dou)優(you)(you)先(xian)與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標準(zhun)(zhun)。從(cong)檢驗報(bao)告(gao)看(kan),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)指(zhi)(zhi)標、重金(jin)屬指(zhi)(zhi)標、感(gan)官指(zhi)(zhi)標、獸(shou)藥(yao)殘(can)(can)留都(dou)(dou)好(hao)與(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標準(zhun)(zhun),無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)標準(zhun)(zhun)中不(bu)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)指(zhi)(zhi)標、有益金(jin)屬元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素指(zhi)(zhi)標均(jun)(jun)(jun)是很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de),體現(xian)了(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)特(te)(te)性。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)認證,體現(xian)了(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)性。
二.自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史因素(su)
1.土壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源特征。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)共(gong)有9個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類,19個(ge)亞(ya)類,32個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,計62個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型。9個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類是(shi)暗棕壤(rang)、白漿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泛濫(lan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。全縣幅員面積(ji)3135.2平方公(gong)里,總土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)面積(ji)31.33萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積(ji)22.67萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),耕(geng)地(di)(di)中(zhong)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等肥力較高的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)約占90%以上(shang)。腐殖(zhi)質層厚度達(da)20-70厘米(mi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質含(han)量3.72%,含(han)氮(dan)0.168%,含(han)磷0. 99%,含(han)鉀1.80%, PH值(zhi)6.7,呈中(zhong)性(xing)。全縣地(di)(di)勢東高西低(di)、北崗南平、中(zhong)部多丘(qiu)陵(ling),坡(po)耕(geng)地(di)(di)占耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積(ji)的62%,地(di)(di)理(li)形(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)楔形(xing),海拔最(zui)高為(wei)(wei)564.3米(mi),最(zui)低(di)海拔110米(mi)。
2.水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):水(shui)資源(yuan)。巴彥縣有較大河(he)流14條,河(he)道總長475.7公里。全縣地下水(shui)資源(yuan)存儲量(liang)(liang)65億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),多年平均地下水(shui)資源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)為3.97億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),允(yun)許(xu)開采量(liang)(liang)為2.224億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。全縣水(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)為5.73億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),人(ren)均水(shui)量(liang)(liang)為869立(li)方(fang)米(mi),畝均水(shui)量(liang)(liang)212立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。包括(kuo)水(shui)系、水(shui)源(yuan)和(he)水(shui)質情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)及影響(xiang)因子。
3.氣候情況(kuang):巴彥縣(xian)地處中高緯(wei)度,屬中溫帶(dai)大陸季(ji)風(feng)氣候。夏季(ji)盛行東南風(feng),濕潤多雨(yu);冬季(ji)盛行西(xi)北風(feng),干燥嚴寒(han)。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.1℃,最高氣溫曾出現過(guo)37.9℃,最低氣溫達-42.5℃,年(nian)≥10℃活(huo)動積溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)2658.4℃,歷年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)582.2毫米(mi),年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照為(wei)(wei)(wei)2669.4小時(shi)。5-9月份作物生長期(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照為(wei)(wei)(wei)1252小時(shi),占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)總(zong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照的46.9%,歷年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)初霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)9月21日(ri)(ri)(ri),歷年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)131天(tian)。全(quan)年(nian)結(jie)凍期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)145天(tian)左右。包括季(ji)風(feng)、溫度、濕度、日(ri)(ri)(ri)照和(he)降(jiang)水等特殊氣候因(yin)子。
4.人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況(kuang):巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)人(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)自公(gong)元前211年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秦朝時(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)歲百之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di),是(shi)(shi)由歲族與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)百族融合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區少(shao)數民(min)(min)(min)族,以(yi)(yi)漁獵為(wei)主,輔(fu)以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業。 巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)建(jian)治(zhi)以(yi)(yi)前,森林茂密,水(shui)(shui)(shui)草豐(feng)盛(sheng),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥美(mei),是(shi)(shi)一片待(dai)墾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)女(nv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。因為(wei)封禁(清以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)為(wei)自己(ji)“龍(long)興”之(zhi)脈封禁東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)三(san)省(sheng)),只有(you)(you)少(shao)數旗兵屯(tun)田(tian)(tian)和(he)(he)少(shao)數漢人(ren)零散住在(zai)(zai)(zai)各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)荒種地(di)(di)(di)(di),張網捕撈魚,過著(zhu)日(ri)(ri)出(chu)而(er)起(qi),日(ri)(ri)暮而(er)歸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),清咸(xian)豐(feng)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)禁,土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)放墾后,關內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)(liang)漢民(min)(min)(min)流(liu)入(ru)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di),人(ren)多之(zhi)后。清同治(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1862年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))于(yu)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)建(jian)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)治(zhi)理(li)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)蘇(su)蘇(su)等地(di)(di)(di)(di),管(guan)理(li)賦課(ke)刑名(ming)及(ji)旗民(min)(min)(min)交涉等事宜。光(guang)緒三(san)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)分(fen)兩處(chu),呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)一處(chu),升呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)為(wei)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)府(fu)(移到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)城),原(yuan)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)廳(ting)改巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou),民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)改巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi):據民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)漢晉時(shi)期為(wei)夫余之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”。據張向(xiang)凌《建(jian)議學點黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)》所述:夫余約建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)公(gong)元前三(san)世紀即戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末期。《后漢書?夫余傳》記(ji)載:“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)君王,皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)六(liu)畜(chu)(chu)名(ming)官(guan),有(you)(you)馬(ma)加(jia)(jia)(jia)、牛(niu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)、狗加(jia)(jia)(jia)、大使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)、大使(shi)、使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。”可見,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業由來(lai)(lai)以(yi)(yi)久,清代咸(xian)豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)將(jiang)軍特(te)(te)(te)普欽(qin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此處(chu)設(she)立開(kai)(kai)墾行(xing)局,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)(liang)放墾,養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)主。據《東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)叢刊》記(ji)載,民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)“賣卻之(zhi)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)惟牛(niu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),牛(niu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)賣千頭至(zhi)千五(wu)(wu)百頭,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)千至(zhi)六(liu)千口,牛(niu)先送往(wang)呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)市(shi)場,由呼(hu)(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)便驅往(wang)哈(ha)爾(er)濱,豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則送往(wang)哈(ha)爾(er)濱,雞鴨無(wu)(wu)(wu)運至(zhi)他處(chu)出(chu)賣,卵用汽船遠(yuan)銷黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)岸”。 新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)推動(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping):進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)長(chang)(chang)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雜交豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)明顯提高(gao)(gao),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代隨著(zhu)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)繁殖二(er)元雜交豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)明顯提高(gao)(gao),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)十(shi)世紀末,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通(tong)過引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)洛克(ke)(ke)、英(ying)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白、比(bi)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白、大約克(ke)(ke)夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等三(san)元、四(si)元雜交,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上,同時(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請(qing)省(sheng)內(nei)(nei)畜(chu)(chu)牧專家(jia),結合黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)莊氏養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖法(fa)(fa),該法(fa)(fa)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)肯(ken)定,據美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖專家(jia)說美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)每頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)仔(zi)率(lv)為(wei)22頭,我縣(xian)洼興種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場每頭母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)仔(zi)成(cheng)活率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)24頭。比(bi)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)9.1%。達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)領先水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專家(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)技(ji)術成(cheng)熟(shu)程度在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)一流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。 文化底(di)蘊:一是(shi)(shi)飼料(liao)(liao)優(you)(you)勢(shi)。由于(yu)獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形特(te)(te)(te)征,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼料(liao)(liao)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)形西(xi)(xi)向(xiang),下午西(xi)(xi)斜時(shi),向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜面(mian)(mian)迎接西(xi)(xi)邊來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斜射(she)光(guang)線(xian)呈對(dui)農(nong)作物(wu)來(lai)(lai)說就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)直射(she)光(guang),光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu),光(guang)合作用更好,使(shi)農(nong)作物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)好,由于(yu)飼料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi)決定了(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)有(you)(you)自己(ji)獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)雜交品(pin)種優(you)(you)勢(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)通(tong)過引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)洛克(ke)(ke)、英(ying)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白、比(bi)系(xi)長(chang)(chang)白、大約克(ke)(ke)夏當地(di)(di)(di)(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等三(san)元、四(si)元雜交,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)高(gao)(gao)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)都(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)70%以(yi)(yi)上。三(san)是(shi)(shi)典型養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖模式優(you)(you)勢(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)聘請(qing)省(sheng)內(nei)(nei)畜(chu)(chu)牧專家(jia),結合黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)創造了(le)(le)莊氏養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖法(fa)(fa),此法(fa)(fa)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)分(fen)肯(ken)定。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專家(jia)稱贊說:“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)技(ji)術成(cheng)熟(shu)程度在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)上都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)一流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。四(si)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)文環境(jing)優(you)(you)勢(shi)。由于(yu)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)縣(xian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害、綠色食品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)對(dui)環境(jing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)整治(zhi),出(chu)臺了(le)(le)一系(xi)列文件,用規章(zhang)制度控(kong)制基地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),對(dui)污染企業進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)徹底(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造,對(dui)農(nong)田(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)整理(li),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)狀況(kuang)總體較好,環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)基本(ben)趨于(yu)平(ping)(ping)穩(wen),基本(ben)上無(wu)(wu)(wu)污染。輕度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)污染主要有(you)(you)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、廢(fei)氣、固體廢(fei)棄物(wu)和(he)(he)噪(zao)聲(sheng)四(si)個方(fang)面(mian)(mian)。大氣總懸浮微(wei)粒日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值280微(wei)克(ke)(ke)/立方(fang)米。大氣二(er)氧化碳日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值28微(wei)克(ke)(ke)/立方(fang)米,飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標率(lv)95%,地(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)標率(lv)70%,城市(shi)交通(tong)干線(xian)噪(zao)聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值67分(fen)貝,城市(shi)區域環境(jing)噪(zao)聲(sheng)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)值55分(fen)貝。四(si)是(shi)(shi)科技(ji)管(guan)理(li)優(you)(you)勢(shi)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)協會制定豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)檢(jian)驗標準,衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標、營養(yang)(yang)(yang)指標、農(nong)藥殘留指標、重金屬指標都(dou)(dou)(dou)優(you)(you)先與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害標準。從檢(jian)驗報告(gao)看,全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標、重金屬指標、感官(guan)指標、獸藥殘留都(dou)(dou)(dou)好與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)標準,無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)標準中(zhong)不涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)指標、有(you)(you)益(yi)金屬元素指標均(jun)(jun)是(shi)(shi)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),體現(xian)了(le)(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)特(te)(te)(te)性。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害認證,體現(xian)了(le)(le)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)彥(yan)(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)性。
三.地域范圍
產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)范(fan)圍(wei):巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品所在的(de)具體(ti)地(di)(di)理(li)位置(zhi)是(shi)將巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內3135.2平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)區(qu)域劃定為巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)保護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)面積為31.33萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,2007年商品豬(zhu)量為200萬(wan)頭(tou)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理(li)位置(zhi):巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于黑(hei)龍(long)江省中部偏南(nan),地(di)(di)處松(song)嫩(nen)平(ping)(ping)原、松(song)花江中游北(bei)岸,具體(ti)范(fan)圍(wei)為地(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經126°45′53″-127°42′16″,北(bei)緯45°54′28″-46°40′18″。南(nan)與(yu)賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)隔(ge)江相(xiang)望,西瀕(bin)漂(piao)河與(yu)呼(hu)蘭為鄰(lin),北(bei)依泥河與(yu)綏化、慶安交界(jie),東臨黃泥河及駱(luo)駝砬子(zi)山與(yu)木蘭毗連。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境南(nan)北(bei)長85公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東西寬72.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),邊界(jie)周長338公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城距哈市98公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)址:全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄18個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)豬(zhu)肉的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護(hu)(hu)的(de)區(qu)域范(fan)圍(wei)在巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內的(de)18個(ge)(ge)行政鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),即(ji)巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、松(song)花江鄉、富江鄉、巴(ba)彥(yan)(yan)港鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西集鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、豐樂鄉、興隆鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅光鄉、萬(wan)發(fa)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、德祥鄉、天增鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、山后(hou)鄉、黑(hei)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)泉(quan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、華山鄉、龍(long)廟鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洼興鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東鄉。其中小城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)10個(ge)(ge)(兩個(ge)(ge)建(jian)制鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen))、16個(ge)(ge)村(三個(ge)(ge)少數民族自治村)、1351個(ge)(ge)自然(ran)屯、4個(ge)(ge)國(guo)有林場,2個(ge)(ge)國(guo)有原種場、1個(ge)(ge)國(guo)有種畜場。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1.外(wai)在感(gan)官(guan)特征:巴彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉品質好、色澤鮮艷、肉體有彈性(xing)、瘦肉率高、表皮光潤。
2.內在(zai)品質指標:豬肉瘦肉中脂(zhi)肪含量3%以(yi)下,適量食(shi)用不會發胖;亞油(you)酸含量9%以(yi)上,豬肉口感香而(er)不膩,嫩而(er)不滑(hua);豬肉蛋白(bai)質含量大(da)于20%,豬肉中氨(an)基酸大(da)于15%,營(ying)養(yang)豐富;還含有豐富的(de)(de)人體所需的(de)(de)鐵、鈣、鋅(xin)等微量元素,每百(bai)克含鈣大(da)于2毫克、含鋅(xin)大(da)于2毫克。
3.安全要求:按巴彥縣農產品質量(liang)安全協會制定的生豬(zhu)養殖標準進行無公害化生豬(zhu)養殖,在加工、運(yun)輸(shu)中不(bu)被污(wu)染保持其安全。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產方(fang)式
1.產地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內(nei)容規(gui)定:巴彥豬(zhu)(zhu)肉產地(di)選(xuan)擇在巴彥縣境內(nei)是因為巴彥縣地(di)處世(shi)界三大(da)黑土(tu)地(di)之一(yi)的亞洲東北黑土(tu)中(zhong),屬亞熱帶季(ji)風氣候,非常適合農產品的生(sheng)產,具有得(de)天獨(du)厚的地(di)理優勢(shi),同(tong)時巴彥縣生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)有獨(du)特的生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)品質(zhi),為巴彥豬(zhu)(zhu)肉的發展奠定了(le)質(zhi)量優勢(shi)。
2.品種選擇與(yu)特(te)定要求:巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)選擇三四(si)元(yuan)(yuan)九交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)加工(gong)生產(chan)是(shi)有其獨特(te)的(de)質量優(you)勢的(de),巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)以三四(si)元(yuan)(yuan)雜交(jiao)生豬(zhu)(zhu)為原(yuan)料,三四(si)元(yuan)(yuan)雜交(jiao)生豬(zhu)(zhu)來源于巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)縣特(te)有的(de)東北白豬(zhu)(zhu)為第一代(dai)(dai)母本(ben)或(huo)父本(ben)與(yu)長(chang)白、杜洛克、大約(yue)克夏等豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)雜交(jiao),生產(chan)第二代(dai)(dai)雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu),再用雜交(jiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)三、四(si)代(dai)(dai)繁殖,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)優(you)勢生豬(zhu)(zhu)養殖,以優(you)質的(de)生豬(zhu)(zhu)為原(yuan)料進(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學屠宰(zai)加工(gong),生產(chan)具有巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)地(di)方(fang)特(te)點的(de)巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)。
3.生產過程管理特(te)殊使用規(gui)定(ding):巴(ba)(ba)彥生豬質量要求:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生豬養殖(zhi)(zhi)用 巴(ba)(ba)彥縣當地(di)綠色(se)食品玉(yu)米、大豆為(wei)主料(liao),生產全價飼料(liao)進(jin)行養殖(zhi)(zhi),不飼喂(wei)任何動(dong)物糞便(bian)發(fa)酵飼料(liao);二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使用國家(jia)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)獸藥(yao)進(jin)行疾(ji)病控制和(he)(he)治療(liao),不使用國家(jia)禁用的(de)獸藥(yao);三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養殖(zhi)(zhi)場(chang)遠離居(ju)民和(he)(he)交(jiao)通要道,防止污(wu)染(ran);四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實行分(fen)圈式獨立養殖(zhi)(zhi)莊氏養殖(zhi)(zhi)法和(he)(he)徐氏防治法;五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以喂(wei)糧(liang)食飼料(liao)養殖(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主,生豬主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三元、四元雜交(jiao)豬,生長期小于12個月。
4.產品(pin)收獲、屠宰及產后(hou)處理的規定:巴彥豬肉實行(xing)(xing)專用車輛單(dan)獨(du)運輸,封閉式(shi)快樂屠宰法(fa),科學排酸,冷凍(dong)處理單(dan)獨(du)存放處理。并在(zai)進行(xing)(xing)嚴格的出廠質量檢(jian)驗后(hou)出售(shou),同時(shi)對(dui)產品(pin)進行(xing)(xing)售(shou)后(hou)服務,實行(xing)(xing)產品(pin)召回制度。
5.生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求:巴彥生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)按(an)養(yang)殖(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術操作(zuo)規程進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)專業化養(yang)殖(zhi);對生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)養(yang)殖(zhi)中使用的(de)(de)獸藥、添加劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)投入品及時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全程記(ji)錄;及時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)飼養(yang)檢查;實行(xing)(xing)(xing)巴彥豬(zhu)(zhu)肉市場(chang)準入、質量科技服(fu)務等(deng)(deng)制度,以巴彥豬(zhu)(zhu)肉產(chan)品檢驗標準進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢驗;生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)按(an)養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)統一的(de)(de)編碼和(he)單獨屠宰,產(chan)品按(an)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)單獨存放,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)特(te)定的(de)(de)編碼,便(bian)于售后質量跟蹤服(fu)務。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規(gui)定(ding)
巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉包(bao)裝以紙塑(su)為(wei)主,分為(wei)5kg 、10kg 、20kg 等(deng)包(bao)裝,主要是(shi)在包(bao)裝表面印有農產品地理標(biao)(biao)志“巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉”等(deng)字樣,并加有防(fang)偽標(biao)(biao)志,巴(ba)(ba)彥(yan)豬(zhu)肉主要是(shi)冷凍貯藏、專用設備運輸(shu),防(fang)止運輸(shu)路(lu)途中污染(ran)和變質。