一.產品介紹
延(yan)壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)至今已有近100年(nian)(nian)(nian)的歷(li)史(shi)。據《延(yan)壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記載,建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian))開(kai)始農(nong)(nong)民就種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)民國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積已達(da)53.6萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。由于日本(ben)侵略者的掠奪,大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)生產(chan)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)43.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積減少到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)18萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始試驗示范并推廣東農(nong)(nong)26大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)新品種(zhong)及高產(chan)栽培(pei)技術,逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)結束大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)人工埯(an)種(zhong)、扣種(zhong)的傳統種(zhong)植(zhi)技術。實(shi)行起壟合(he)理(li)密植(zhi)栽培(pei)技術。大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)產(chan)量有原來的畝(mu)產(chan)100-150斤,一躍提升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤,實(shi)現翻番增(zeng)產(chan)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)在肥(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)上,結合(he)有機肥(fei)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)施化(hua)肥(fei)用(yong)量,在除草(cao)方面(mian)結合(he)人工中耕除草(cao)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)推行化(hua)學(xue)除草(cao),減輕農(nong)(nong)民勞動(dong)量。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)量9萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。全(quan)面(mian)整合(he)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)品種(zhong),按區域(yu)布局和積溫區劃,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)主(zhu)推五黑(hei)農(nong)(nong)54、黑(hei)農(nong)(nong)48、黑(hei)農(nong)(nong)38、黑(hei)農(nong)(nong)44和合(he)豐(feng)45等核心品種(zhong),良(liang)種(zhong)化(hua)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)95%以上。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
本(ben)部分內容(rong)主(zhu)要表(biao)述影響延壽大(da)豆(dou)品質、特(te)色形(xing)成(cheng)和保持的下列內容(rong): (1)土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:延壽大(da)豆(dou)生(sheng)產地(di)域地(di)勢(shi)(shi)平坦,無工業“三廢”污染(ran),地(di)凈田潔,土質肥沃,為黑粘土、沙壤(rang)(rang)土質,地(di)勢(shi)(shi)低洼,土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量3%—6%,自(zi)然(ran)肥力較高,特(te)別適合(he)大(da)豆(dou)生(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:黑龍(long)江省哈(ha)爾濱市延壽縣境內有螞蜒(yan)河(he)、亮珠河(he)兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)系,該(gai)基地位于灌溉區上游,無任何污染(ran)。氣(qi)候溫(wen)和,光照充足,雨量充沛(pei),生態(tai)環(huan)境良好(hao),森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)在46.9%。現有中型水(shui)(shui)庫2座,小型水(shui)(shui)庫25座,萬畝(mu)以上灌區10處(chu),提水(shui)(shui)灌溉站點617處(chu),塘壩1,600座。
(3)延壽縣地處中緯度(du)亞(ya)洲大陸(lu)東側,屬(shu)中溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候(hou)。全縣年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為2.6℃。歷年最低氣(qi)溫(wen)為-42.6℃,歷年最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)為35℃,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)螞蜒河兩岸為2493.5℃,山區(qu)與(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原過渡地帶(dai)丘陵漫崗(gang)區(qu)為2300℃左(zuo)右。多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜期為122—129天。縣境內年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量為570.9毫米,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數為2490.1小時(shi),延壽縣的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點是典型(xing)的(de)水旱兼作農業(ye)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu)。
(4)人文歷史情況:延壽(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至今已有近(jin)(jin)100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。據《延壽(shou)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載(zai),建縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開(kai)(kai)始農民就(jiu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)民國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積已達536820畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)偽康德(de)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))猛增(zeng)(zeng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。由(you)于(yu)日本(ben)侵略者的(de)掠奪,大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)影響,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)186913畝(mu),牧場234斤(jin)。總產(chan)(chan)(chan)4379萬(wan)斤(jin)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始試驗示范并(bing)推廣(guang)東(dong)農26大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)及高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),逐(zhu)步(bu)結(jie)束大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人工埯種(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。實(shi)行起(qi)壟合(he)理密(mi)植(zhi)栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)有原來的(de)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)100-150斤(jin),一躍(yue)提(ti)升到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤(jin),實(shi)現翻番增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在肥(fei)料(liao)使用(yong)上(shang),結(jie)合(he)有機肥(fei)逐(zhu)步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)施(shi)(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)用(yong)量(liang),在除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)方面(mian)(mian)結(jie)合(he)人工中耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)逐(zhu)步(bu)推行化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao),減輕(qing)農民勞動量(liang)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由(you)于(yu)高(gao)效經濟作物的(de)迅速發(fa)展(zhan),部(bu)分農民大(da)面(mian)(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)經濟作物,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu),從2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)6萬(wan)噸。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)整合(he)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),按區(qu)域布(bu)局和(he)(he)積溫區(qu)劃(hua),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主推五黑農54、黑農48、黑農38、黑農44和(he)(he)合(he)豐45等核心(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以上(shang)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)推廣(guang)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)龍三栽培(pei)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、機械播種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、平衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。自2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始實(shi)施(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)戰略,引進(jin)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)深加工企(qi)業(ye):哈(ha)爾(er)濱延壽(shou)香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)醬(jiang)業(ye)有限(xian)公司(si)和(he)(he)哈(ha)爾(er)濱延壽(shou)永(yong)和(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)有限(xian)公司(si)。重(zhong)點打(da)造“香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)和(he)(he)“永(yong)和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai),把延壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進(jin)行深加工使延壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)加工成“香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)”牌(pai)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)香(xiang)辣(la)醬(jiang)和(he)(he)香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)醬(jiang),走(zou)出省(sheng)門打(da)入南方市場,其(qi)(qi)(qi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)越來越亮,越來越響。目前(qian),“永(yong)和(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)已成為中國馳名商標,“香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)”牌(pai)發(fa)展(zhan)為省(sheng)著名商標。這兩家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加工大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)近(jin)(jin)2萬(wan)噸。延壽(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)經檢測,沒有農藥殘留(liu)和(he)(he)重(zhong)金屬(shu)殘留(liu),非常適(shi)合(he)做豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)。是加工香(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)醬(jiang)的(de)優質原料(liao)。
三.地域范圍
地理(li)位置為(wei): 位于黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu),張廣才嶺西麓,松花江南(nan)岸(an)的螞蜒河(he)中游(you)。東經127°54'20″至(zhi)129°04'30″,北(bei)緯45°10'10″至(zhi)45°45'25″,西部(bu)(bu)(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)與尚(shang)志市為(wei)鄰(lin),東北(bei)與方正縣接壤,西北(bei)與賓縣毗連。東西長90公(gong)里,南(nan)北(bei)寬65公(gong)里,幅(fu)員面(mian)積(ji)3,149.55平方公(gong)里。全縣有5鎮4鄉(xiang)106個行政村,耕(geng)地面(mian)積(ji)161.5萬畝(mu)。地理(li)標志保護區域94600公(gong)頃,包括延壽鎮、六團鎮、安山(shan)鄉(xiang)、壽山(shan)鄉(xiang)、玉河(he)鄉(xiang)、延河(he)鎮、青(qing)川(chuan)鄉(xiang)7個鄉(xiang)鎮的旱(han)田大(da)豆主(zhu)產區,大(da)豆面(mian)積(ji)33300公(gong)頃。產大(da)豆7萬噸(dun)左(zuo)右。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
本部(bu)分內容主要表述反映(ying)登(deng)記產品特有的品質特性(xing)特征和產品質量(liang)安全方(fang)面遵循的規定,主要包(bao)括:
(1)外在感(gan)官特征:延壽大豆多為扁圓和長橢圓形,粒(li)形較(jiao)小,籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿,百(bai)粒(li)重19-21克(ke)左右。粒(li)色(se)(se)一(yi)般為黃(huang)色(se)(se)、淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)。臍色(se)(se)為淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)。表(biao)面(mian)光滑,硬(ying)度好。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:由于(yu)(yu)(yu)延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)多種于(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)地,其內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)營養成分明(ming)顯優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)熟地栽培(pei)。經(jing)農業部谷物(wu)及制品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督(du)檢(jian)驗測(ce)試中心檢(jian)測(ce)粗(cu)蛋白(bai)(干 基(ji))含量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)40%、粗(cu)脂肪(fang)含量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)20%。粗(cu)纖維含量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)9%、每100g延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)含a-維生素E含量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含鈣大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)140mg、含鐵大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)8mg、每千克大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)含鋅大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)43mg、含硒大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種氨(an)基(ji)酸含量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)35%,非常適合加工優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬。 目前,延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)栽培(pei)主要分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南北(bei)山(shan)區后開發耕地,土(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)為主,土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,使用少(shao)量(liang)(liang)的(de)化肥和(he)農藥就可以(yi)(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)高產大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),沒有(you)農藥殘留(liu)。另外,南北(bei)山(shan)區是延壽(shou)(shou)縣第三、第四積溫區,晝夜溫差大(da),積累干物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)多,內(nei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)高。以(yi)(yi)(yi)延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為原料做的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬,經(jing)哈爾濱延壽(shou)(shou)香其醬業有(you)限公司于(yu)(yu)(yu)2008年12月29日(ri),依據GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(shen)(As)、鉛(Pb)、農藥殘留(liu)三大(da)類190個(ge)子項經(jing)普尼(ni)測(ce)試,檢(jian)測(ce)結果全(quan)部合格。說明(ming)延壽(shou)(shou)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安全(quan)水(shui)平高。
(3)安全要(yao)求:延壽(shou)大豆在生產(chan)和加(jia)工過程中嚴(yan)格執行大豆農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志質量控制技術規范。大豆產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件符合(he)《無公害食(shi)品、大田(tian)作物產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(NY5332-2006)》等相關文件的要(yao)求,無公害食(shi)品大豆,GB/T 8321農(nong)藥合(he)理使用標(biao)準,GB428農(nong)藥安全使用規定標(biao)準等國家強制性規定。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
(1)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)與選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)茬(cha)(cha) 要選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢(shi)平坦、耕(geng)層深(shen)厚、土壤肥力(li)較(jiao)高、經過伏、秋翻(fan)或耙茬(cha)(cha)深(shen)松整地(di)的(de)地(di)塊,前茬(cha)(cha)以玉米、馬鈴薯為主,不(bu)(bu)重茬(cha)(cha),不(bu)(bu)迎茬(cha)(cha)。 (2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子及其處理 A品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 根據(ju)當地(di)生(sheng)態條件,因地(di)制宜的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)經過省(sheng)農作物品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定委員會審(shen)定通過的(de)優(you)質高產、熟期(qi)適宜、喜肥水、抗(kang)逆(ni)性強的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或專用品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。大(da)豆45厘米雙條密(mi)植栽(zai)培技(ji)術要選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)矮(ai)稈、半(ban)矮(ai)稈、耐(nai)密(mi)稈強抗(kang)倒伏優(you)質高產品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 B種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子精(jing)(jing)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、處理 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播前要進行(xing)精(jing)(jing)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子純度、凈度不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)98%,發芽率(lv)不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)90%,含水量(liang)不(bu)(bu)高于(yu)12%。
①種(zhong)(zhong)子包衣(yi)(yi)。播種(zhong)(zhong)前用(yong)35%多克福大豆(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)(yi)劑(ji)包衣(yi)(yi)。防治(zhi)大豆(dou)根(gen)腐病可(ke)用(yong)2.5%的適(shi)樂時懸浮劑(ji)拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),大豆(dou)根(gen)潛(qian)葉蠅、蠐螬等地下害(hai)蟲可(ke)用(yong)50%的辛硫磷拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),陰(yin)干(gan)后即可(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)。 ②微肥拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)。畝(mu)產200公斤、220公斤地塊可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)鉬酸銨(an)、硼鉬微復(fu)肥等進行拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),以提高大豆(dou)出(chu)苗率和(he)固氮(dan)能力,陰(yin)干(gan)后可(ke)進行種(zhong)(zhong)子包衣(yi)(yi)。
(3)施(shi)肥 A施(shi)底肥 結合整地(di)200公(gong)斤地(di)塊每(mei)公(gong)頃施(shi)腐熟的(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質含(han)量8%以上(shang))30噸(dun),畝產250公(gong)斤地(di)塊每(mei)公(gong)頃施(shi)腐熟的(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質含(han)量8%以上(shang))45噸(dun),結合秋(qiu)整地(di)做底肥一次(ci)施(shi)入。 B種(zhong)肥
①施(shi)肥(fei)原則。采用(yong)測土配方平衡(heng)施(shi)肥(fei),各地可根據測土結果因地制宜確(que)定施(shi)肥(fei)量。
②參考施肥量(liang)。畝產150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)頃化肥使(shi)用量(liang)尿(niao)素(su)要在45—50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,磷酸二(er)銨150公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸鉀50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右;畝產200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)頃化肥使(shi)用量(liang)尿(niao)素(su)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,磷酸二(er)銨175公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸鉀75公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右;畝產250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)每公(gong)(gong)頃化肥使(shi)用量(liang)尿(niao)素(su)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,磷酸二(er)銨200公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右,硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸鉀100公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右。
③施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式。在播種的同時施(shi)入種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)要做到分(fen)層(ceng)側(ce)深施(shi),一般(ban)分(fen)上下(xia)二層(ceng)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),上層(ceng)施(shi)在種下(xia)5~6厘(li)米處,切忌種肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)同位,以免燒種,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的1/3。下(xia)層(ceng)施(shi)在種下(xia)12~14厘(li)米處;肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量占(zhan)總施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的2/3。(4)播種 播期:
①5月(yue)5日(ri)至(zhi)5月(yue)10日(ri)。 ②播(bo)(bo)法 機械壟上雙(shuang)行等距精(jing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),選擇(ze)氣吸式播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機或2BT—2型(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機,65~70厘(li)米(mi)行距;45厘(li)米(mi)窄行密植(zhi)地塊應用2BTG-3型(xing)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機精(jing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang) 根據(ju)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性、肥水條(tiao)(tiao)件及栽(zai)培(pei)方式而定。 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)=公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)保(bao)苗(miao)數×百(bai)粒重(g)/凈度(%)×發芽(ya)率(lv)(%)×105×{1+田(tian)間損(sun)失(shi)率(lv)(%)}田(tian)間損(sun)失(shi)率(lv)以(yi)10%計算,實播(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)計算誤差(cha)為±3%。 壟三”栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)要求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)保(bao)苗(miao)25-30萬株;45厘(li)米(mi)雙(shuang)條(tiao)(tiao)密植(zhi)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)要求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)保(bao)苗(miao)35-40萬株。 ④播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻(yun)無斷(duan)(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),20厘(li)米(mi)內無籽(zi)為斷(duan)(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),每5米(mi)斷(duan)(duan)條(tiao)(tiao)不(bu)超過一處。機械壟上播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)應對準(zhun)壟頂中心,偏差(cha)為±3厘(li)米(mi)。
(5)田間管理
A中耕 當大豆拱土時(shi),進行鏟(chan)前深松。出(chu)苗后(hou)及(ji)時(shi)鏟(chan)趟,做到兩鏟(chan)三趟,鏟(chan)趟傷苗率小于(yu)3%。后(hou)期拔凈大草。
B灌(guan)水(shui) 根據旱情和生長發育需水(shui)規律(lv)各(ge)地(di)要因地(di)制宜進行灌(guan)水(shui)。
C促控結合(he) 大(da)豆(dou)前期(qi)長勢較弱時,在大(da)豆(dou)初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)每公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)尿(niao)素10公(gong)(gong)斤加(jia)磷(lin)酸(suan)二氫鉀1.5-2.5公(gong)(gong)斤溶于(yu)500公(gong)(gong)斤水(shui)中噴施,并根據(ju)需要加(jia)入硼(peng)鉬等微(wei)量元(yuan)素肥(fei)料。大(da)豆(dou)植株(zhu)生長旺盛,在初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)選用(yong)多效唑、三碘苯甲酸(suan)等化控劑進行(xing)調控,控制大(da)豆(dou)徒長,防止(zhi)后期(qi)倒伏。
D化學除草
①播后苗(miao)前(qian)土壤封(feng)閉(bi)處(chu)理。春季干旱區提倡苗(miao)后除草(cao),如土壤墑情(qing)好可采取土壤封(feng)閉(bi)處(chu)理。在大豆播后出(chu)苗(miao)前(qian),每公(gong)頃用90%乙草(cao)胺(禾耐斯)1800~2250毫(hao)升加48%廣(guang)滅靈800~1000毫(hao)升對水(shui)450公(gong)斤(jin)土壤噴霧(wu)。
②莖葉(xie)(xie)處理。在大(da)豆出苗后,雜草(cao)2~4葉(xie)(xie)期,每公(gong)頃用(yong)5%精禾草(cao)克乳油(you)750~900毫(hao)升加25%的氟磺(huang)胺草(cao)醚1000~1500毫(hao)升,對水450公(gong)斤噴(pen)霧。
E病蟲害綜(zong)合防治
①蚜蟲。點片(pian)發生并有5%~10%的植株(zhu)(zhu)卷葉或有蚜株(zhu)(zhu)率達到50%時(shi),百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)蚜量達1500頭以上,天(tian)敵(di)數量很少(shao)時(shi),每公(gong)頃(qing)用10%的吡(bi)蟲啉1500克對水450~500公(gong)斤噴霧。
②大豆食(shi)心蟲。當上(shang)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的蟲食(shi)率達到5%以上(shang)時達到防(fang)治指標,每公頃用80%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳油(you)1500~2000毫升制成(cheng)毒棍,每4壟插(cha)一(yi)(yi)行(xing),每5m插(cha)一(yi)(yi)根,或用菊酯(zhi)類(lei)的農藥(yao)常規噴霧。
③草(cao)地螟。大豆百株有幼蟲30頭~50頭,大部分幼蟲3齡期,可用2.5%敵(di)殺死225~300毫(hao)升對水450~500公斤常規噴霧(wu)。
④大(da)豆菌(jun)核(he)病。7月(yue)初(chu)(chu)用25%施保克(ke)1500毫升(sheng)/公(gong)頃(qing)或(huo)40%菌(jun)核(he)凈1050克(ke)/公(gong)頃(qing)于發病初(chu)(chu)期噴一次(ci),隔(ge)7天(tian)~10天(tian)再噴一次(ci)。
(6)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo) A收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)時期 人(ren)工收(shou)(shou)獲(huo),落葉達90%時進行;機械(xie)聯(lian)合收(shou)(shou)割(ge),葉片全部落凈、豆粒歸圓時進行。 B收(shou)(shou)割(ge)質量(liang) 割(ge)茬低,不(bu)(bu)留莢(jia),割(ge)茬高(gao)度以不(bu)(bu)留底(di)莢(jia)為(wei)準(zhun),一般為(wei)5~6厘(li)米。收(shou)(shou)割(ge)損失率(lv)(lv)小于(yu)(yu)1%,脫粒損失率(lv)(lv)小于(yu)(yu)2%,破碎(sui)率(lv)(lv)小于(yu)(yu)5%,泥花臉(lian)率(lv)(lv)小于(yu)(yu)5%,清潔率(lv)(lv)大于(yu)(yu)95%。
六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)延(yan)壽大豆的分級:延(yan)壽大豆分為(wei)三(san)個等(deng)級,為(wei)一等(deng)大豆,二等(deng)大豆 和三(san)等(deng)大豆。
(2)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi):標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong)人應在其(qi)產(chan)品或包裝上統一(yi)使用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)( 延壽(shou)大豆名(ming)稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)形式)。
(3)包裝:編(bian)織袋包裝,規格25公(gong)斤/袋。包裝材料(liao)符(fu)(fu)合國家糧食包裝衛生要求,并符(fu)(fu)合環境保護的要求。包裝材料(liao)堅固、清潔、干燥、無任何昆 蟲傳播、真菌污染(ran)及不(bu)良氣味。
(4)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun):在避光、常溫、干燥和(he)有(you)(you)防(fang)潮設施處貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)。 原料(liao)按指定(ding)原料(liao)庫(ku)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun),貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)數量,執行管(guan)理規定(ding)。貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)庫(ku)房清潔、干燥、通風良好,無(wu)蟲害及鼠(shu)害。嚴禁與有(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)腐蝕(shi)性、易發霉、發 潮、有(you)(you)異味的物品(pin)混(hun)存(cun)(cun),成品(pin)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)按品(pin)種(zhong)、標(biao)號、編號、生(sheng)產(chan)日(ri)期(qi)分別存(cun)(cun)放(fang),以免混(hun)雜和(he)受潮。
(5)運輸:運輸工具清(qing)潔、干(gan)燥、有(you)(you)(you)防(fang)雨放雪(xue)設施。嚴禁與有(you)(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)(you)腐蝕(shi)性、有(you)(you)(you)異味的(de)物品混運。