一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣位于舉世聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河(he)套米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和(he)積淀深厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,漢武帝時(shi)期(qi),因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming)(ming)(ming),1912年正式(shi)建縣至今。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙恬北(bei)筑長城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈(xiong)奴、詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)李白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan),朔(shuo)雪(xue)亂邊(bian)花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)句,張(zhang)敬忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色歸(gui)來(lai)遲,二月垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠(yong)誦(song)。近(jin)代(dai)史(shi)上,被當地老百姓(xing)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)河(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)紳士(shi)王同春(chun)修渠(qu)治水(shui)(shui),墾荒置田,首開河(he)套大(da)規模(mo)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河(he),使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)地肥沃、氣候宜人(ren)(ren)、水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)縱(zong)橫、旱澇保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外江南”。現代(dai)史(shi)上,有(you)(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)義將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰(zhan),更使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名(ming)(ming)(ming)遐邇。據《內蒙古自治區(qu)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)志(zhi)》記載,1936年西(xi)紅柿傳(chuan)入我區(qu),我縣從(cong)60-70年代(dai)開始種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi),是多年流(liu)傳(chuan)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土(tu)品(pin)種(zhong),具曾任五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜辦(ban)主任現其田莊(zhuang)園總經(jing)理郭子(zi)(zi)義及具有(you)(you)多年種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)民張(zhang)培(pei)(pei)、張(zhang)書發(fa)等(deng)介紹,黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)最初是由五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣農(nong)(nong)田大(da)戶種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)功,因其顏色金黃(huang)(huang),口感好(hao),從(cong)此在周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)村社中(zhong)(zhong)推廣(guang)(guang)開來(lai),黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)最初只(zhi)是當地農(nong)(nong)民分(fen)(fen)散種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就(jiu)近(jin)供(gong)應。近(jin)幾(ji)年隨(sui)著(zhu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)人(ren)(ren)民生活水(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,因黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)具有(you)(you)果實個大(da)肉厚(hou)(hou)、含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)少、沙甜(tian)可(ke)口、營養(yang)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),受到廣(guang)(guang)大(da)消費者(zhe)青睞,逐(zhu)漸發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)具有(you)(you)較強影響(xiang)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣特色農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)。隨(sui)著(zhu)我縣設施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan),溫(wen)室黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模(mo)不斷擴大(da),而且(qie)產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好(hao),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益高,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)增(zeng)加菜農(nong)(nong)收入的(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)產業(ye)。目前,我縣反季節(jie)黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以溫(wen)室生產為(wei)(wei)主,塑料大(da)棚(peng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔,產品(pin)上市時(shi)間(jian)(jian)從(cong)4月中(zhong)(zhong)旬一直延續到翌年元(yuan)(yuan)月,基(ji)本(ben)實現了周年供(gong)應,經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益和(he)社會效(xiao)益十分(fen)(fen)顯(xian)著(zhu)。溫(wen)室栽培(pei)(pei)平(ping)均畝(mu)收入4-6萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),最高可(ke)達(da)8萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),大(da)棚(peng)栽培(pei)(pei)平(ping)均畝(mu)效(xiao)益達(da)1.5萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)。近(jin)年來(lai),通過采取(qu)提高棚(peng)室質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、示范推廣(guang)(guang)先(xian)進栽培(pei)(pei)管理技術(shu)等(deng)措施,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益穩步(bu)增(zeng)加,菜農(nong)(nong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積極(ji)性空前高漲,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積現已達(da)3000余畝(mu),產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)度和(he)影響(xiang)力不斷擴大(da),黃(huang)(huang)柿子(zi)(zi)已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣特色農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)情況:巴彥淖爾(er)市地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)簡(jian)稱“一(yi)山兩原(yuan)”。以陰(yin)(yin)山為(wei)(wei)(wei)界大體可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三大區(qu)域:陰(yin)(yin)山以北(bei)是(shi)以荒漠半荒漠為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的烏拉(la)特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山山地(di)(di),陰(yin)(yin)山南(nan)麓至黃河北(bei)岸(an)為(wei)(wei)(wei)河套(tao)平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就(jiu)處于河套(tao)平原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要有(you)灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)和新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區(qu)的主要耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是(shi)灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)層為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤(rang)質灌(guan)淤層,耕(geng)作性好(hao),含鉀量(liang)高,對(dui)黃柿子的生長非常有(you)利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):五原(yuan)縣水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉便利。黃(huang)河(he)流(liu)經河(he)套(tao)平(ping)原(yuan)345公里,年徑流(liu)總量315億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采量達18億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米。河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區由黃(huang)河(he)三盛公水(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)自(zi)流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉,每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米,是亞洲(zhou)最大的(de)一(yi)首(shou)制自(zi)流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區,也(ye)是全(quan)國(guo)三大灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區之一(yi)。黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)是最大的(de)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般(ban)年流(liu)量336.5億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米,全(quan)縣有(you)5大干(gan)渠,9條分干(gan)渠,135條農渠,密如蛛網的(de)毛渠灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉著全(quan)縣土地(di),每(mei)年引(yin)水(shui)(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立方(fang)米。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積(ji)層中,一(yi)般(ban)埋深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160m,礦(kuang)化度低于3g/L。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五原(yuan)黃(huang)柿子提供了良(liang)好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉條件(jian),而且水(shui)(shui)量充沛,無工業(ye)污染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:五原(yuan)縣屬(shu)中溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具有光(guang)能豐富、日照充足、晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差大、降雨(yu)量(liang)少(shao)而集中的(de)特點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較多。全(quan)年(nian)日照時數3192.5h,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照百分率72%,太陽年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻(fu)射總數153.439kcal/平(ping)方(fang)厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)169mm,降水集中在夏秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)際降水量(liang)變化大。年(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2067.8mm,是降雨(yu)量(liang)的(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱(han)類(lei)型。獨特的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian),適宜黃柿子的(de)生(sheng)長發育,并且(qie)遠離污染(ran),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you),是國(guo)家和自治(zhi)區重要的(de)綠色(se)農(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)基地。
4、農(nong)業環境質(zhi)(zhi)量五(wu)(wu)原縣(xian)屬(shu)于欠發達地(di)區(qu),主要(yao)以農(nong)業經(jing)濟為主,處(chu)于草原和(he)沙漠的包圍(wei)之中(zhong),基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)屬(shu)于無污(wu)染(ran)地(di)區(qu)。據(ju)環保部門測定:五(wu)(wu)原縣(xian)的大(da)氣(qi)綜合(he)(he)(he)指數P綜=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水(shui)平,說明空(kong)氣(qi)清潔,未被污(wu)染(ran)。土壤(rang)綜合(he)(he)(he)指數P綜=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔標準(zhun),基(ji)本(ben)未受(shou)到污(wu)染(ran)。灌溉用水(shui)綜合(he)(he)(he)指數P綜=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔標準(zhun)。綜上(shang)(shang)所述,五(wu)(wu)原縣(xian)的大(da)氣(qi)、土壤(rang)、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)等環境質(zhi)(zhi)量十(shi)分有利于發展生態農(nong)業。
三.地域范圍
五原縣位于內(nei)蒙古自治區西(xi)(xi)部(bu)巴彥淖爾市(shi),南(nan)鄰黃河(he),北靠陰山(shan),東西(xi)(xi)分別與烏拉特前(qian)旗和(he)臨河(he)區接壤,東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西(xi)(xi)長(chang)約62.5公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬約40公(gong)里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)處河(he)套平(ping)原腹地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,土地(di)(di)(di)坡降僅為八(ba)千分之一。110國道(dao)、京藏高(gao)速和(he)包蘭鐵路(lu)全境通(tong)過。轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),117個行政村,774個社(she),總人(ren)(ren)口30.3萬人(ren)(ren),總戶數52978戶,其中農業(ye)人(ren)(ren)口21萬,有勞動力10萬人(ren)(ren)。五原黃柿子地(di)(di)(di)理標志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域保護范圍總生產面積200公(gong)頃,年總產量7500噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
產(chan)(chan)(chan)品外在感觀特(te)征:五原黃柿子屬(shu)茄科,是我縣的(de)地方特(te)色品種,該品種平均果(guo)重200~250g左右,顏色金黃,個大肉厚(hou)、含水量少、沙甜(tian)可(ke)口(kou)、營(ying)養豐富,深受廣大消費者青(qing)睞。近年來,隨著我縣設施農業(ye)的(de)快速發展,溫室黃柿子種植規模不(bu)斷擴大,而且(qie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量好,種植效益高,成為(wei)增加菜農收(shou)入(ru)的(de)新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)。
產(chan)品(pin)內在品(pin)質特(te)性:五原黃柿子營養豐富,經檢測,維生素(su)C含量20-30mg/100g,可(ke)溶性固形物含量為2-6%,總(zong)酸(suan)(以檸檬酸(suan)計)含量為0.4-0.65g/100g,產(chan)品(pin)有(you)促進消(xiao)化(hua)、抑(yi)制多種細菌作(zuo)用。