一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于舉世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河套米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河套平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史和積(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua),漢武帝時期,因(yin)九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名(ming),1912年(nian)(nian)正式建縣(xian)(xian)至(zhi)今。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)有(you)蒙(meng)恬北筑長城、衛青(qing)抗擊(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)、詩人李白“迢迢五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan),朔雪亂(luan)邊花”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬忠(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色歸來(lai)遲,二月垂楊未(wei)掛絲”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近(jin)代史上(shang),被當(dang)地老(lao)百姓稱為(wei)“人間河神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方紳士(shi)王同春(chun)修渠治水(shui),墾荒置田,首開河套大(da)(da)規模(mo)發(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河,使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)土地肥沃、氣(qi)候宜人、水(shui)渠縱橫、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江(jiang)南”。現(xian)代史上(shang),有(you)馮玉祥將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)義(yi)(yi)將軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)遐邇。據《內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)志》記載,1936年(nian)(nian)西(xi)紅柿(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)我區(qu),我縣(xian)(xian)從(cong)60-70年(nian)(nian)代開始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi),是(shi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉土品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具(ju)曾(ceng)任五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)蔬菜辦主任現(xian)其(qi)田莊園(yuan)總(zong)經理郭子(zi)(zi)義(yi)(yi)及(ji)具(ju)有(you)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民張培(pei)、張書發(fa)(fa)等(deng)介(jie)紹,黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初是(shi)由五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田大(da)(da)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功(gong),因(yin)其(qi)顏色金(jin)黃(huang)(huang),口(kou)感好(hao),從(cong)此在周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)村社中推(tui)廣(guang)開來(lai),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)最(zui)初只是(shi)當(dang)地農(nong)(nong)(nong)民分散(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),就近(jin)供應。近(jin)幾年(nian)(nian)隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和人民生活水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,因(yin)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)具(ju)有(you)果實個(ge)大(da)(da)肉厚、含水(shui)量(liang)少、沙甜可口(kou)、營養豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,受到廣(guang)大(da)(da)消(xiao)費者(zhe)青(qing)睞,逐漸發(fa)(fa)展成(cheng)為(wei)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)影(ying)(ying)響力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)。隨著我縣(xian)(xian)設施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展,溫(wen)室(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規模(mo)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da),而且產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)好(hao),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益(yi)(yi)高,成(cheng)為(wei)增(zeng)加菜農(nong)(nong)(nong)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)產業(ye)。目前,我縣(xian)(xian)反季(ji)節黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)以溫(wen)室(shi)(shi)生產為(wei)主,塑料大(da)(da)棚種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)上(shang)市時間從(cong)4月中旬一直延(yan)續(xu)到翌年(nian)(nian)元月,基(ji)本實現(xian)了(le)周年(nian)(nian)供應,經濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)和社會(hui)效益(yi)(yi)十分顯著。溫(wen)室(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)平均畝收(shou)入(ru)(ru)4-6萬元,最(zui)高可達(da)(da)8萬元,大(da)(da)棚栽(zai)培(pei)平均畝效益(yi)(yi)達(da)(da)1.5萬元。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來(lai),通過采取提高棚室(shi)(shi)質量(liang)、示范推(tui)廣(guang)先進栽(zai)培(pei)管理技術等(deng)措施(shi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益(yi)(yi)穩步增(zeng)加,菜農(nong)(nong)(nong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)空前高漲,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)現(xian)已(yi)達(da)(da)3000余畝,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)度和影(ying)(ying)響力不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)擴大(da)(da),黃(huang)(huang)柿(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:巴彥(yan)淖爾市地形地貌簡稱“一山(shan)(shan)兩原(yuan)”。以陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)界大(da)體(ti)可分為(wei)(wei)三大(da)區域:陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)以北(bei)是以荒(huang)漠半荒(huang)漠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)烏拉特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地,陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)南麓至黃(huang)(huang)河北(bei)岸為(wei)(wei)河套(tao)(tao)平原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于(yu)河套(tao)(tao)平原(yuan)內(nei),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)灌(guan)(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)、風沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和新(xin)積(ji)土(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)(guan)區的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)耕作土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是灌(guan)(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤(rang)質(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)淤(yu)層(ceng),耕作性好,含(han)鉀量高(gao),對(dui)黃(huang)(huang)柿子的(de)(de)生(sheng)長非常有(you)(you)利。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:五原(yuan)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛(pei),灌溉便利(li)。黃河流(liu)(liu)(liu)經河套平(ping)原(yuan)345公里,年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量315億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開采量達18億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。河套灌區(qu)(qu)由黃河三(san)盛公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)樞紐(niu)自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉,每(mei)年(nian)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米,是(shi)亞(ya)洲最(zui)大(da)的(de)一(yi)首制自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌區(qu)(qu),也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)三(san)大(da)灌區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)最(zui)大(da)的(de)地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般年(nian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量336.5億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米,全(quan)(quan)縣有5大(da)干(gan)渠,9條分干(gan)渠,135條農渠,密如蛛網(wang)的(de)毛渠灌溉著(zhu)全(quan)(quan)縣土地(di)(di),每(mei)年(nian)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)般埋(mai)深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)厚度30~160m,礦化度低于3g/L。充(chong)足的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為(wei)五原(yuan)黃柿子提供了良好的(de)灌溉條件(jian),而(er)且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量充(chong)沛(pei),無(wu)工業(ye)污染。
3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況:五原縣屬(shu)中(zhong)溫帶大(da)陸性氣候(hou),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔高度1102.7m,具有光能豐(feng)富、日(ri)照充(chong)足(zu)、晝夜溫差大(da)、降雨量(liang)少而集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)特點。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風速2.6m/s,東北風向較多。全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數3192.5h,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照百分率72%,太陽(yang)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻射總(zong)數153.439kcal/平(ping)(ping)方厘米,無霜(shuang)期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)169mm,降水集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)夏秋兩(liang)季。年(nian)(nian)際降水量(liang)變(bian)化(hua)大(da)。年(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)2067.8mm,是降雨量(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱類型(xing)。獨(du)特的(de)(de)氣候(hou)條件,適宜黃柿子(zi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育,并且遠(yuan)離污染,產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)優,是國家(jia)和自(zi)治區重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)綠色農畜產品(pin)生(sheng)產基地。
4、農業環(huan)境(jing)質量五(wu)原縣(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)欠(qian)發達(da)地(di)(di)區,主要以(yi)農業經濟為主,處于(yu)(yu)(yu)草原和沙漠的包圍之(zhi)中,基本上屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)地(di)(di)區。據環(huan)保部門測定:五(wu)原縣(xian)的大氣(qi)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)一級(ji)水平,說明(ming)空氣(qi)清(qing)(qing)潔,未被污(wu)染(ran)。土壤綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)(qing)潔標準,基本未受到污(wu)染(ran)。灌溉用水綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合指(zhi)數P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清(qing)(qing)潔標準。綜(zong)(zong)(zong)上所述,五(wu)原縣(xian)的大氣(qi)、土壤、水質等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)質量十分有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)發展生(sheng)態(tai)農業。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣位于內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區西部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃(huang)河,北(bei)(bei)靠陰山,東西分別與烏拉特前旗和(he)臨河區接壤(rang),東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西長約62.5公里,南北(bei)(bei)寬約40公里。地(di)(di)處(chu)河套平(ping)原(yuan)腹地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦(tan),土地(di)(di)坡降僅為八千分之一。110國(guo)道、京藏高速和(he)包蘭鐵路全境通過(guo)。轄9個鄉(xiang)鎮,117個行政村,774個社,總(zong)人口30.3萬人,總(zong)戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中(zhong)農(nong)業人口21萬,有勞動力10萬人。五原(yuan)黃(huang)柿(shi)子地(di)(di)理標(biao)志地(di)(di)域保護范圍總(zong)生產面積200公頃,年總(zong)產量(liang)7500噸。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
產(chan)品(pin)(pin)外在感(gan)觀特征:五原黃柿(shi)子屬茄科,是我縣的(de)地方特色(se)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)平均果重(zhong)200~250g左右,顏色(se)金黃,個大肉厚、含(han)水量少(shao)、沙甜(tian)可(ke)口、營養豐富(fu),深受廣大消費者青睞。近年來,隨著我縣設施農業的(de)快速發展,溫(wen)室(shi)黃柿(shi)子種(zhong)植(zhi)規模不斷擴大,而且產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量好,種(zhong)植(zhi)效益高,成為增(zeng)加(jia)菜農收入的(de)新興產(chan)業。
產(chan)品內在品質特(te)性:五原黃柿子營養(yang)豐富,經(jing)檢測,維(wei)生素C含(han)量20-30mg/100g,可溶性固形物含(han)量為(wei)2-6%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)含(han)量為(wei)0.4-0.65g/100g,產(chan)品有促進消(xiao)化(hua)、抑制多種細(xi)菌作用。