一.產品介紹
保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)當地(di)民(min)(min)族傳(chuan)統養(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),飼養(yang)歷史悠(you)久,張興(xing)志同(tong)(tong)志在(zai)(zai)《云(yun)南(nan)(nan)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)畜(chu)(chu)》一(yi)文(wen)中談到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)(今隆陽(yang)區(qu)(qu))蒲縹鎮(zhen)唐子溝遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)時(shi)(shi),認(ren)為(wei)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)中出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)牛(niu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)具有(you)兩(liang)重性(xing),既可能(neng)是野(ye)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也可能(neng)是馴養(yang)中。距今4000-3000年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai),人類已(yi)飼養(yang)家(jia)(jia)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)已(yi)得(de)到(dao)一(yi)定發(fa)展(zhan)。據《中國(guo)(guo)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹》(科(ke)學出(chu)版社1960)記(ji)載(zai):“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)當地(di)人民(min)(min)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)育,從而形(xing)成地(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月至(zhi)1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)、縣畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫站聯合(he)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),調(diao)(diao)查(cha)了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)耳朵豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)性(xing)狀和(he)缺(que)點(dian),并改名(ming)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),編入(ru)《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》。據保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志記(ji)載(zai):“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)農村產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)豐(feng)富,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)荒地(di)輪(lun)歇(xie)地(di)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),野(ye)生(sheng)飼料(liao)豐(feng)富,是發(fa)展(zhan)養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)利(li)條(tiao)件,我區(qu)(qu)各族人民(min)(min)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)長期辛勤勞動(dong)精(jing)心(xin)選(xuan)育,隨著經(jing)濟文(wen)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)和(he)交(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)輸發(fa)達(da),溝通了(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)間、內地(di)邊(bian)疆的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頻凡流(liu)動(dong),加之(zhi)自然條(tiao)件及飼養(yang)管理特點(dian),因而形(xing)成大(da)骨(gu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、細骨(gu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)二浪子豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)分。”保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)質粗糙疏松,頭較(jiao)大(da),額(e)寬(kuan),額(e)面多(duo)(duo)皺(zhou)紋形(xing)如“八卦”;嘴筒粗長,少數(shu)微(wei)凹(ao)且向上翹,俗稱(cheng)“瓢把嘴”;耳大(da)下垂(chui),豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)窄長,背腰(yao)(yao)平直,少數(shu)稍凹(ao);背腰(yao)(yao)直間有(you)微(wei)凹(ao),胸窄肋(lei)扁略(lve)下垂(chui),十字部(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan),腹部(bu)(bu)(bu)緊(jin)湊不(bu)下垂(chui),臀(tun)部(bu)(bu)(bu)欠豐(feng)滿;四(si)肢高且粗壯(zhuang)有(you)力(li),腿(tui)及膁部(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)皺(zhou)褶(zhe),又叫“穿套(tao)褲(ku)”,飛節(jie)較(jiao)彎曲。于(yu)1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)載(zai)入(ru)《云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》一(yi)書(shu)中。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)收入(ru)《中國(guo)(guo)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀況》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)中國(guo)(guo)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)錄,并錄入(ru)由中國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)版社2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)《中國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)畜(chu)(chu)地(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)圖(tu)譜(pu)》。 1969年(nian)(nian)(nian)成立(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang),廠址(zhi)建設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)施甸縣水長鄉(xiang)。1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian),只(zhi)注重保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong),未能(neng)得(de)到(dao)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育提高,加之(zhi)盲目進行引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao),導(dao)致許(xu)多(duo)(duo)性(xing)能(neng)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)停滯不(bu)前(qian)甚至(zhi)有(you)所退化(hua)(hua)。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian),為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)充分發(fa)揮(hui)和(he)挖掘地(di)方(fang)特色遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)力(li),依照良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,原省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計委立(li)項,建設(she)(she)(she)和(he)完善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)。到(dao)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)各縣區(qu)(qu)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)縣級(ji)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人工授精(jing)站及部(bu)(bu)(bu)分鄉(xiang)建立(li)并鞏固了(le)(le)(le)(le)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人工授精(jing)網(wang)點(dian),初(chu)步形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)母本“三群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)一(yi)網(wang)”良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。在(zai)(zai)進行體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)建設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi),根據繁(fan)育體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)要求,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)組(zu)(zu)建了(le)(le)(le)(le)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)核心(xin)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun),開(kai)(kai)始(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)育工作,邊(bian)繁(fan)育、邊(bian)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、邊(bian)推廣應(ying)用(yong),取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)初(chu)步進展(zhan)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來,在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、市(shi)相(xiang)關部(bu)(bu)(bu)門領導(dao)專家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關心(xin)和(he)大(da)力(li)支持下,以保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)為(wei)載(zai)體(ti)(ti)對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護、科(ke)研選(xuan)育及合(he)理開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利(li)用(yong)推廣工作,先后與(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改良(liang)(liang)站、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農大(da)等(deng)科(ke)研單位和(he)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門合(he)作實施了(le)(le)(le)(le)“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)優(you)良(liang)(liang)母系(xi)(xi)選(xuan)育及雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)優(you)勢利(li)用(yong)”、“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系(xi)(xi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)選(xuan)育及可持續利(li)用(yong)關鍵技術(shu)研究”等(deng)科(ke)研項目,擴大(da)了(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun),提高了(le)(le)(le)(le)質量,穩定了(le)(le)(le)(le)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)。經(jing)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)州多(duo)(duo)次組(zu)(zu)織專家(jia)(jia)組(zu)(zu)親(qin)臨保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)作詳細調(diao)(diao)查(cha),認(ren)定為(wei)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍稀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)列(lie)入(ru)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農業(ye)(ye)廳開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)“云(yun)南(nan)(nan)六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)牛(niu)、六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)羊、六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)雞、六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)魚”評選(xuan)認(ren)定活(huo)動(dong),通過(guo)(guo)層層評選(xuan),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)圍(wei)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)六(liu)(liu)大(da)名(ming)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況 養(yang)(yang)殖區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)土(tu)、黃壤(rang)土(tu)、赤紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)、燥紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)、沖積(ji)土(tu)、草甸土(tu)和石(shi)灰土(tu)、火山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)灰土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主。地(di)(di)處云南(nan)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈南(nan)段,高(gao)黎貢山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和怒山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)延于境內(nei),地(di)(di)勢總趨勢北高(gao)南(nan)低。本市屬橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系切割山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)峽谷區(qu),地(di)(di)貌以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主,盆地(di)(di)與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原也分布較廣(guang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川相間(jian),高(gao)差較大,群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)迭起,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清水(shui)秀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)面積(ji)占全市土(tu)地(di)(di)總面積(ji)的92%。境內(nei)最高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)3780.9m,最低海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)535m,平均(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1800m。保山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豬(zhu)適宜海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)750-2600m的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)、半山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)養(yang)(yang)殖。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況 養殖區(qu)內(nei)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)分屬瀾滄江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、怒(nu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和伊(yi)洛瓦底江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。怒(nu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)北向南縱貫隆(long)陽區(qu)、施甸(dian)(dian)縣(xian)、龍陵縣(xian),較(jiao)大支(zhi)流(liu)有施甸(dian)(dian)河(he)(he)(he)、蘇帕(pa)河(he)(he)(he)、枯柯河(he)(he)(he)。三(san)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系年(nian)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)150.66億立(li)方(fang)米。境內(nei)有青海湖和北海兩個(ge)天然(ran)湖泊,面積0.63平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。還有檳榔江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、明光(guang)河(he)(he)(he)、瑞滇河(he)(he)(he)、香(xiang)柏河(he)(he)(he)、姚關(guan)河(he)(he)(he)、勐統河(he)(he)(he)、瓦窯(yao)河(he)(he)(he)、右甸(dian)(dian)河(he)(he)(he)等9條(tiao)較(jiao)大河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)。至2007年(nian)全市建成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)257座,總庫(ku)(ku)容達到41028萬立(li)方(fang)米,其中中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)3座、小(一)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)19座、小(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)35座。自(zi)流(liu)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程達10054處(chu),1立(li)方(fang)米每秒以上引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠11條(tiao)、0.3~1立(li)方(fang)米每秒引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠17條(tiao)。有170多個(ge)地熱(re)泉田。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清(qing)潔無(wu)污染。
3、 氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)壯(zhuang)況 養殖(zhi)區(qu)屬低緯(wei)山地亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),具有(you)“冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑,年(nian)(nian)溫差小,日(ri)溫差大”的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點。全市空氣(qi)清凈、光質好、日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)間長(chang)(chang),太陽年(nian)(nian)均輻射量為(wei)5553.7—5959.8兆(zhao)焦耳/平(ping)方米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫15.5℃;年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期293至333天;降(jiang)雨主要集中在5~10月份,年(nian)(nian)最高降(jiang)雨量2100㎜,年(nian)(nian)最低降(jiang)雨量700㎜。光、熱(re)、水(shui)條(tiao)件優(you)越,有(you)利于牧草的生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),有(you)利于保(bao)山豬養殖(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
保山(shan)豬養殖(zhi)區(qu)域為云南省保山(shan)市行政(zheng)區(qu)劃內的隆陽區(qu)、施甸縣(xian)、騰沖(chong)縣(xian)、龍陵(ling)縣(xian)、昌寧縣(xian)5縣(xian)(區(qu))。地理坐標為:東(dong)經98°25′-100°02′、北緯24°08′-25°51′,東(dong)西(xi)縱距198 km,南北橫距193 km。養殖(zhi)區(qu)域范圍19637 平方千米,年存(cun)欄6.5萬頭。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1、 外在感官(guan)特征(zheng)體(ti)形:根據體(ti)型大(da)(da)小把(ba)保山豬(zhu)分(fen)為大(da)(da)骨型、細(xi)骨型及二(er)浪子型,品種(zhong)外貌(mao)特征(zheng)明顯(xian),體(ti)質(zhi)結(jie)實,結(jie)構勻稱。毛色(se):被毛稀疏全(quan)黑。頭部(bu)(bu):頭較大(da)(da),額寬,額面皺(zhou)(zhou)紋形如“八卦”;嘴筒粗(cu)長,少(shao)數(shu)微凹(ao)且向上翹,俗稱“瓢把(ba)嘴”,耳(er)大(da)(da)而(er)下(xia)(xia)垂。體(ti)軀(qu):豬(zhu)體(ti)窄長,背腰(yao)平(ping)直,少(shao)數(shu)稍凹(ao),前胸寬,肋扁(bian)略下(xia)(xia)垂,十(shi)字(zi)部(bu)(bu)寬,腹部(bu)(bu)緊湊不下(xia)(xia)垂,臀部(bu)(bu)欠(qian)豐滿。四肢:四肢高(gao)且粗(cu)壯(zhuang)、堅實有力,腿及肷(qian)部(bu)(bu)多(duo)皺(zhou)(zhou)褶,又(you)叫“穿套褲(ku)”,飛(fei)節較彎曲(qu),蹄質(zhi)堅硬結(jie)實,為黑色(se)。乳頭6對(dui)以(yi)上,乳頭小形似蓮(lian)蓬(peng)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標保山豬(zhu)肉質(zhi)細膩,味(wei)香可口(kou),營(ying)養(yang)豐富。其中,氨(an)基酸(suan)總量≥17%、粗脂肪含量≥24.5%、解(jie)凍失水(shui)率(lv)≤4%。
3、質量安(an)全(quan)要求 保山豬(zhu)養殖和(he)銷售必須遵守《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)動物(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)法(fa)》和(he)《中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》等(deng)有關法(fa)律的(de)規(gui)定,產(chan)品(pin)質量嚴格按NY 5030-2001《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)豬(zhu)飼養獸藥(yao)使(shi)用準(zhun)則》,NY5031-2001《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)豬(zhu)飼養獸醫防(fang)疫(yi)準(zhun)則》,NY 5032-2001《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)豬(zhu)飼養飼料使(shi)用準(zhun)則》,NY 5033-2001《無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生(sheng)豬(zhu)飼養飼管理準(zhun)則》的(de)規(gui)定執行。