一.產品介紹
甘(gan)谷古稱冀,公元前(qian)688年(nian)(nian)(nian)(秦武(wu)公十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian))建縣(xian)(xian), 迄(qi)今有(you)2680年(nian)(nian)(nian),為全(quan)國縣(xian)(xian)制肇(zhao)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),有(you)“華(hua)夏第(di)一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。是人(ren)文始祖伏(fu)羲氏、孔子七十(shi)(shi)二賢人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)石作蜀、清初(chu)(chu)翰林院侍讀學士鞏建豐等(deng)名(ming)人(ren)先(xian)賢的(de)(de)生(sheng)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),是三國蜀漢(han)大(da)(da)將軍(jun)姜(jiang)維等(deng)名(ming)人(ren)先(xian)賢誕生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),世(shi)稱姜(jiang)維故里。甘(gan)谷農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)發展歷史(shi)悠(you)久,甘(gan)谷獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理位置是中(zhong)(zhong)國北方大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的(de)(de)適宜栽培黃金緯度(du)區之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。甘(gan)谷種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)歷史(shi)悠(you)久,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo),品(pin)質(zhi)優良,甘(gan)谷大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)在明未清初(chu)(chu)就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。據甘(gan)谷縣(xian)(xian)志記載:“清初(chu)(chu)主(zhu)要蔬(shu)菜(cai)有(you)芹、韭(jiu)(jiu)、蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、蒜(suan)(suan)、薤、茄(qie)、白菜(cai)、菠菱、甜(tian)菠菜(cai)、蘿卜(bu)(黃、自、紅、青4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、芫荽、五撮、苣荬、馬(ma)齒莧、茨(慈姑)、椿頭、王瓜(gua)(gua)(黃瓜(gua)(gua))、甜(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)、西瓜(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)、南瓜(gua)(gua)、葫蘆(lu)。蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蒜(suan)(suan)類(lei)有(you)12個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):紅根韭(jiu)(jiu)、白根韭(jiu)(jiu)、馬(ma)蓮韭(jiu)(jiu)、四川(chuan)冬韭(jiu)(jiu)、漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)冬韭(jiu)(jiu)、甜(tian)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、白蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、小蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、龍(long)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、洋蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、紅蒜(suan)(suan)、白蒜(suan)(suan)。” 甘(gan)谷大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)生(sheng)產距今已有(you)上百年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史(shi),特(te)別是1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)就形成(cheng)了一(yi)定的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)規模種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),特(te)選大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)、鐵稈王等(deng)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)引進,經本地(di)(di)改造、選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),成(cheng)為高(gao)產品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),形成(cheng)了以新興鎮雒家村為主(zhu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di),大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積1.8萬余畝(mu)(mu),平(ping)均畝(mu)(mu)產5000 kg,總(zong)產量6.88萬噸。因(yin)其蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白長(chang)﹑產量高(gao)﹑品(pin)味濃郁在短短幾十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)為我縣(xian)(xian)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)打產品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況 大(da)(da)蔥生長要(yao)求(qiu)以土(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)、排水(shui)良好、富(fu)含(han)(han)有(you)機質(zhi)的(de)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)為(wei)(wei)最好,適宜的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)酸堿(jian)度為(wei)(wei)pH7.0~7.5,甘谷(gu)大(da)(da)蔥產區土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)綿土(tu),壚土(tu)和(he)淀(dian)土(tu),土(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),質(zhi)地(di)疏松(song),通透性(xing)好,適宜耕作,呈弱(ruo)堿(jian)性(xing),pH值7.5-8,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)力較(jiao)高,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)豐富(fu)的(de)微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)和(he)礦(kuang)物質(zhi),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)機質(zhi)1%左(zuo)右,全(quan)氮(dan)0.052%,全(quan)磷0.147%,速(su)(su)效氮(dan)含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)43.34mg/kg,速(su)(su)效磷含(han)(han)量(liang)5.03mg/kg,速(su)(su)效鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)117.24mg/kg,加之(zhi)施用腐殖質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高的(de)有(you)機肥(fei)、豆(dou)粉等,極適宜大(da)(da)蔥的(de)生長發育(yu)。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況 我縣(xian)地(di)域遼闊,渭(wei)河由(you)西(xi)向(xiang)東橫貫全縣(xian),土壤、水(shui)、氣(qi)資源污染少(shao),年平均降雨(yu)量(liang)451mm,雨(yu)量(liang)分(fen)布由(you)南向(xiang)北遞減,空氣(qi)較干燥(zao)。甘(gan)谷(gu)大(da)蔥(cong)產地(di)地(di)處甘(gan)谷(gu)縣(xian)渭(wei)河南北淺山(shan)區,土壤灌溉主要以純凈無污染的地(di)下(xia)水(shui)澆灌為主,以自然降水(shui)為輔。
3、氣(qi)候情況 甘(gan)谷縣(xian)位于甘(gan)肅省(sheng)東南部(bu),典型的(de)大(da)陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候。四季分(fen)(fen)明,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.5 ℃,其中最高(gao)(7月(yue)(yue)(yue))月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)25.4 ℃,最低(1月(yue)(yue)(yue))月(yue)(yue)(yue)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)-1.1 ℃,夏熱(re)無酷暑,冬冷無嚴寒。全(quan)年日(ri)照(zhao)2350小時左(zuo)右,光照(zhao)充足,日(ri)照(zhao)率約50%,無霜(shuang)期196天左(zuo)右。年均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)451mm左(zuo)右,分(fen)(fen)布極不均(jun)勻,一般(ban)一至(zhi)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)雨量(liang)偏少,七至(zhi)九月(yue)(yue)(yue)雨水(shui)較多,冬干夏濕。適(shi)合北方(fang)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)農作物生長,特(te)別(bie)是對(dui)蔬菜的(de)種植(zhi)極為有利,“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)壅,七月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang),八月(yue)(yue)(yue)再看蔥發旺”,8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份大(da)蔥進入(ru)旺盛生長期,因而尤其適(shi)合大(da)蔥種植(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
甘谷縣(xian)(xian)位于甘肅省東南部,天水市(shi)西(xi)(xi)北部,渭河上游,渭河由西(xi)(xi)東橫貫全(quan)縣(xian)(xian),境(jing)內(nei)長度41.6公(gong)里(li)。地(di)(di)處東經104°58′至105°31′,北緯(wei)34°31′至35°03′之(zhi)間,甘谷境(jing)內(nei)山多川少,氣(qi)候干燥(zao),典型的大(da)陸性季風氣(qi)候。甘谷東鄰秦安縣(xian)(xian)、麥積區,南接秦州(zhou)區、禮縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)與(yu)武山縣(xian)(xian)交界,北與(yu)通渭縣(xian)(xian)相連(lian)。甘谷大(da)蔥產地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處甘谷縣(xian)(xian)新興鎮北淺(qian)山區,該(gai)區域海拔1400-1600m,為黃土(tu)(tu)梁狀山地(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)質為黃綿土(tu)(tu),有機質含(han)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫11.5 ℃,年(nian)日照(zhao)時數2131小時,無霜期196天,年(nian)降水量(liang)451mm;地(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦、土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、空氣(qi)清(qing)新、光照(zhao)充足、灌(guan)溉(gai)條件(jian)良好、水質純凈無污染、區域內(nei)無工業(ye)污染,為天然綠(lv)色食品生產區。 甘谷大(da)蔥實施地(di)(di)理標志產品保護范圍(wei)涉及新興、磐安、六峰、大(da)像山鎮、金(jin)山、八里(li)灣、謝家灣、禮辛、安遠(yuan)9鄉鎮99村,目前,栽培面積達(da)到1300公(gong)頃,年(nian)產量(liang)達(da)到5850噸。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官特征 甘谷大(da)蔥植株高大(da),直立(li)性強,外形粗壯挺拔,假莖較(jiao)長,蔥白長40—60厘(li)米,徑1—2.5厘(li)米,蔥葉(xie)色鮮綠,管(guan)葉(xie)厚韌,質地脆嫩,辣度適中,香(xiang)辛(xin)濃郁(yu),甘甜(tian)多汁(zhi),嚼(jiao)之無絲(si),品質上(shang)佳。
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao) 甘谷(gu)大蔥富(fu)(fu)含多種維生(sheng)素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、擴(kuo)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、可溶(rong)性糖(tang)等。其中:富(fu)(fu)含多種維生(sheng)素(su)(su)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、可溶(rong)性糖(tang)等。其中干物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)80—90g/kg,維生(sheng)素(su)(su)C 75—80mg/kg,粗(cu)纖維9—10 g/kg,粗(cu)蛋白9.2—10.5 g/kg,可溶(rong)性糖(tang)38—46g/kg,維生(sheng)素(su)(su)B10.3—0.2mg/kg, 維生(sheng)素(su)(su) B2 0.13—0.27mg/kg,磷0.21—028g/kg,鎂120—130mg/kg,鈣430—441mg/kg,鐵1.03—1.13mg/kg,鋅1.95—2.04mg/kg,硫(liu)0.31—0.36g/kg。農藥殘(can)留(liu)、重(zhong)金屬(shu)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)均符合綠色食品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),甘谷(gu)大蔥的理(li)化指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)達到綠色食品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求。
3、安全要求(qiu) 甘(gan)谷大蔥(cong)(cong)產地(di)環(huan)境按照NY/T 391(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)產地(di)環(huan)境質量標準(zhun))執(zhi)行(xing);肥料使用按照NY/T 394(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)肥料使用準(zhun)則(ze))執(zhi)行(xing)。甘(gan)谷縣(xian)對大蔥(cong)(cong)生產加工、包裝、貯運等一系列(lie)技術規(gui)范進行(xing)管理(li);農藥使用達到了(le)NY/T 393(綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)農藥使用準(zhun)則(ze))標準(zhun),嚴禁使用國家(jia)命令(ling)禁止使用的高劇(ju)毒農藥,嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)農藥安全間(jian)隔期,經農藥殘毒檢(jian)測合格(ge)方可(ke)上市。