張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)回族自治縣是甘肅東(dong)南(nan)部惟一(yi)的少數民族自治縣和(he)(he)回族聚居(ju)區(qu),地(di)處東(dong)南(nan)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)季風(feng)(feng)交(jiao)互影(ying)響的邊緣地(di)帶(dai),屬溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸(lu)性季風(feng)(feng)氣候,海拔(ba)在1486-2659米(mi),年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)600毫米(mi),日(ri)照時數2044小時,無霜期(qi)163天(tian)。隴(long)山巍(wei)峨,峻(jun)嶺重疊,為(wei)(wei)溫(wen)寒(han)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)區(qu)和(he)(he)溫(wen)寒(han)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)區(qu),氣候偏冷(leng),雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)片宜牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)山、草(cao)(cao)場,放牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)地(di)面積達到54.1萬(wan)(wan)畝,野生(sheng)牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong),飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)年(nian)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.4億公斤,載畜(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)單位9.17萬(wan)(wan)頭,為(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)食(shi)畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)提供了(le)(le)(le)得天(tian)獨(du)厚的條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。1981年(nian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施了(le)(le)(le)全縣黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改良(liang)項目,30多(duo)年(nian)來通(tong)過(guo)采(cai)用(yong)西(xi)(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)與(yu)當(dang)地(di)秦(qin)川(chuan)(chuan)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)的雜交(jiao)改良(liang),形成了(le)(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)穩(wen)定的地(di)方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)-紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)。富(fu)有(you)(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)學營養價值的蠶豆(dou)、箭(jian)舌(she)豌豆(dou)和(he)(he)紫(zi)花(hua)苜蓿在全縣有(you)(you)(you)較大(da)(da)的種(zhong)(zhong)植面積,為(wei)(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)提供了(le)(le)(le)得天(tian)獨(du)厚的條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian),廣大(da)(da)回漢群(qun)眾有(you)(you)(you)著經營畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產的悠久歷史傳統(tong)和(he)(he)豐富(fu)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐經驗,在草(cao)(cao)原保護、飼(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料綜合利用(yong)、畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)改良(liang)、疫病(bing)防治、接犢育幼、飼(si)(si)養管(guan)理(li)等(deng)方(fang)面,積累(lei)了(le)(le)(le)豐富(fu)的經驗。豐富(fu)的農作物(wu)秸稈及人(ren)工(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)草(cao)(cao),為(wei)(wei)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”的生(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)(le)基(ji)礎(chu)保障,而且(qie)通(tong)過(guo)多(duo)方(fang)籌(chou)措資金(jin),加大(da)(da)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)力(li)度,使張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)產基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施得到進一(yi)步改善。為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)探索優質(zhi)高效肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)生(sheng)產繁殖模式,引(yin)導養牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)品(pin)牌(pai)化,規模化,標(biao)準(zhun)化方(fang)向(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),形成富(fu)有(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)色(se)的“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)繁育生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。縣委縣政(zheng)府目標(biao)明確,高度重視(shi),全力(li)扶持,一(yi)抓到底,抓出了(le)(le)(le)成效。畜(chu)牧(mu)部門(men)始終(zhong)把以西(xi)(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾為(wei)(wei)父本的遞進雜交(jiao)改良(liang)作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)性良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)程,制定長遠(yuan)的肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)改良(liang)規劃,確定科(ke)(ke)學發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)目標(biao),組織開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)(pei)改良(liang),經過(guo)五十多(duo)年(nian)的黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)凍配(pei)(pei)改良(liang)育種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐,累(lei)計完成西(xi)(xi)門(men)塔(ta)爾雜交(jiao)凍配(pei)(pei)改良(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬(wan)(wan)頭,建成了(le)(le)(le)優質(zhi)的“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁育核(he)心群(qun),形成了(le)(le)(le)體型好,耐粗飼(si)(si),生(sheng)產性能高,牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質(zhi)優良(liang)的特(te)(te)點。加強飼(si)(si)養管(guan)理(li),形成了(le)(le)(le)集良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁,凍配(pei)(pei)改良(liang),養殖技術推(tui)廣,良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育,新技術推(tui)廣與(yu)應用(yong)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體的生(sheng)產管(guan)理(li)模式,為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”生(sheng)產提供了(le)(le)(le)有(you)(you)(you)利條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。目前,“張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)紅花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)”是張(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)縣畜(chu)牧(mu)產業(ye)(ye)中科(ke)(ke)技含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)高、經濟效益最(zui)(zui)顯著、農民得到實(shi)(shi)(shi)惠最(zui)(zui)多(duo)、發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)潛力(li)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的優勢(shi)畜(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)。
地域范圍
張(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)回族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位(wei)于甘肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)南(nan)部,天水(shui)市東(dong)北(bei),隴(long)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓,屬六盤地槽與隴(long)西(xi)陸臺(tai)兩大地質構(gou)造單位(wei)的(de)過(guo)渡地帶,為(wei)六盤山(shan)(shan)經(jing)向構(gou)造與秦嶺緯向構(gou)造接(jie)壤處,地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)105°54′至106°35′,北(bei)緯34°44′至35°11′之(zhi)間,全(quan)境(jing)地勢由東(dong)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)傾斜(xie),略呈斜(xie)三(san)角形。東(dong)西(xi)長62公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬48公(gong)里(li),總(zong)面積1311.8平方公(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬甘肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)天水(shui)市轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian),東(dong)接(jie)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),南(nan)鄰清水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西(xi)連秦安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),北(bei)毗華亭、莊浪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)(ren)民政府駐地張(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)鎮,與周邊(bian)市縣(xian)(xian)(xian)均(jun)有(you)(you)公(gong)路(lu)相通,西(xi)距省(sheng)(sheng)會蘭州市378公(gong)里(li),東(dong)經(jing)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)至西(xi)安(an)市388公(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)家川(chuan)(chuan)地勢由東(dong)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)傾斜(xie)。以山(shan)(shan)地為(wei)主(zhu),最高點為(wei)秦家塬石廟梁,最低點為(wei)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)鎮馬河村,海拔在1486米(mi)~2659.4米(mi)之(zhi)間。 畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧業(ye)概況。2010年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)量115.8萬(wan)(wan)頭(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):牛17.33萬(wan)(wan)頭。畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽存(cun)欄66.37萬(wan)(wan)頭(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):存(cun)欄牛12.01萬(wan)(wan)頭。出欄各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽49.43萬(wan)(wan)頭(匹(pi)、只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):牛5.32萬(wan)(wan)頭。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)肉類(lei)(lei)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)9454.5噸(dun),禽蛋產(chan)(chan)量1260噸(dun),鮮奶(nai)產(chan)(chan)量235.4噸(dun)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)規模(mo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖戶(hu)13402戶(hu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛7249戶(hu);累計建(jian)成各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)25個,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)16個;建(jian)成規模(mo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖場(chang)92個,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛場(chang)37個;建(jian)成各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖專業(ye)村90個,飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)禽9.74萬(wan)(wan)頭(只),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛專業(ye)村72個;有(you)(you)以皮毛、活畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)交(jiao)易(yi)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)專業(ye)交(jiao)易(yi)市場(chang)7處,有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)品交(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)組(zu)織(zhi)和農民經(jing)紀人(ren)(ren)1200多人(ren)(ren)(個),各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)牧養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖專業(ye)協會和經(jing)濟合作(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)織(zhi)17個。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)多年(nian)(nian)生牧草(cao)(cao)留床面積達(da)到(dao)9.9萬(wan)(wan)畝,在適宜區(qu)域大力(li)推(tui)廣飼(si)料(liao)玉米(mi)、豌(wan)豆(dou)等一年(nian)(nian)生飼(si)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物種植面積7萬(wan)(wan)畝。累計建(jian)成青貯氨化池4425個,年(nian)(nian)青貯氨化飼(si)草(cao)(cao)7.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈飼(si)料(liao)化利用率達(da)到(dao)了36%。牧業(ye)產(chan)(chan)值達(da)到(dao)1.8億元,人(ren)(ren)均(jun)牧業(ye)收入660元。