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張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)回族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是甘(gan)肅東(dong)南(nan)部惟一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少數民(min)族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)回族聚居區，地(di)處東(dong)南(nan)、西(xi)南(nan)季風交(jiao)互影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣地(di)帶(dai)，屬溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)(da)陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候，海(hai)拔在1486-2659米，年(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)600毫米，日照時(shi)(shi)數2044小時(shi)(shi)，無霜期(qi)163天。隴(long)山(shan)(shan)巍(wei)峨，峻嶺重疊，為(wei)(wei)溫(wen)寒半濕(shi)潤區和(he)溫(wen)寒濕(shi)潤區，氣(qi)(qi)候偏冷，雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛(pei)，有大(da)(da)(da)片宜(yi)牧(mu)草(cao)山(shan)(shan)、草(cao)場，放牧(mu)草(cao)地(di)面積達(da)到54.1萬(wan)畝，野生牧(mu)草(cao)154種(zhong)(zhong)，飼(si)草(cao)年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)1.4億(yi)公(gong)斤，載(zai)畜(chu)(chu)量(liang)(liang)折牛(niu)(niu)(niu)單位9.17萬(wan)頭(tou)，為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)食(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。1981年(nian)實(shi)施(shi)了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改良(liang)項目，30多(duo)年(nian)來通(tong)過采(cai)用西(xi)門塔爾肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)與(yu)當(dang)地(di)秦川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)交(jiao)改良(liang)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)群穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)-紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)。富有科學(xue)營養價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠶豆、箭舌豌(wan)豆和(he)紫(zi)花(hua)苜(mu)蓿在全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積，為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)回漢(han)群眾有著(zhu)經(jing)(jing)營畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠(you)久歷史傳(chuan)統和(he)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐(jian)經(jing)(jing)驗，在草(cao)原保護(hu)、飼(si)草(cao)料綜合(he)利用、畜(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)改良(liang)、疫(yi)病防治、接犢育(yu)幼、飼(si)養管理等方(fang)面，積累(lei)了(le)(le)(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗。豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農作物秸稈及人工種(zhong)(zhong)植牧(mu)草(cao)，為(wei)(wei)“張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)基(ji)礎保障，而且通(tong)過多(duo)方(fang)籌措(cuo)資金(jin)，加大(da)(da)(da)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)力度(du)，使張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生產(chan)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)得到進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步改善。為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)探索優質(zhi)高效肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)生產(chan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖模(mo)式，引導養牛(niu)(niu)(niu)業(ye)向(xiang)品牌(pai)化，規模(mo)化，標(biao)準化方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)富有特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育(yu)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府目標(biao)明確，高度(du)重視，全(quan)力扶持，一(yi)(yi)抓到底，抓出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)成(cheng)(cheng)效。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)部門始終(zhong)把以西(xi)門塔爾為(wei)(wei)父本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遞進(jin)(jin)雜(za)交(jiao)改良(liang)作為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎性(xing)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工程，制定長遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改良(liang)規劃，確定科學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標(biao)，組織(zhi)開展(zhan)(zhan)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)(dong)配改良(liang)，經(jing)(jing)過五(wu)十多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)凍(dong)(dong)配改良(liang)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)工作實(shi)踐(jian)，累(lei)計完成(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門塔爾雜(za)交(jiao)凍(dong)(dong)配改良(liang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)18.36萬(wan)頭(tou)，建成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育(yu)核(he)心群，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)體型好，耐(nai)粗飼(si)，生產(chan)性(xing)能高，牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質(zhi)優良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。加強飼(si)養管理，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)集良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)擴(kuo)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)，凍(dong)(dong)配改良(liang)，養殖技術推廣(guang)，良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育(yu)，新技術推廣(guang)與(yu)應用等為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)管理模(mo)式，為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)“張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”生產(chan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)有利條件。目前，“張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)紅(hong)花(hua)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”是張家(jia)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)產(chan)業(ye)中(zhong)科技含量(liang)(liang)最(zui)高、經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)最(zui)顯著(zhu)、農民(min)得到實(shi)惠最(zui)多(duo)、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)潛力最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢畜(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)。

地域范圍

張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)回族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部，天水(shui)市(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北，隴(long)(long)山(shan)西(xi)麓，屬(shu)六(liu)盤(pan)地(di)槽與隴(long)(long)西(xi)陸臺(tai)兩大地(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造(zao)單位的(de)過(guo)渡地(di)帶(dai)，為(wei)六(liu)盤(pan)山(shan)經向構(gou)造(zao)與秦嶺緯向構(gou)造(zao)接(jie)壤處(chu)，地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經105°54′至(zhi)(zhi)106°35′，北緯34°44′至(zhi)(zhi)35°11′之間，全(quan)(quan)(quan)境地(di)勢(shi)(shi)由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北向西(xi)南傾斜(xie)(xie)，略(lve)呈(cheng)斜(xie)(xie)三角形。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)長(chang)62公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，南北寬48公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，總面(mian)積1311.8平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)天水(shui)市(shi)轄縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)接(jie)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，南鄰清水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，西(xi)連秦安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，北毗華亭、莊浪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人民(min)政府(fu)駐地(di)張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，與周(zhou)邊(bian)市(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路相通(tong)，西(xi)距省(sheng)(sheng)會蘭州(zhou)市(shi)378公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)經陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)隴(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)安市(shi)388公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。張(zhang)(zhang)家(jia)川(chuan)地(di)勢(shi)(shi)由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北向西(xi)南傾斜(xie)(xie)。以(yi)山(shan)地(di)為(wei)主(zhu)，最高點為(wei)秦家(jia)塬石(shi)廟梁(liang)，最低(di)點為(wei)龍(long)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)馬河(he)村，海拔在1486米～2659.4米之間。 畜(chu)牧(mu)業(ye)概況。2010年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)量(liang)(liang)115.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)(zhong)：牛(niu)(niu)(niu)17.33萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。畜(chu)禽存欄66.37萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)(zhong)：存欄牛(niu)(niu)(niu)12.01萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。出欄各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽49.43萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)（匹(pi)(pi)、只(zhi)），其中(zhong)(zhong)：牛(niu)(niu)(niu)5.32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉類總產(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)9454.5噸(dun)，禽蛋產(chan)量(liang)(liang)1260噸(dun)，鮮奶產(chan)量(liang)(liang)235.4噸(dun)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)規模養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶13402戶，其中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)7249戶；累計建(jian)成各(ge)(ge)類養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)小區25個，其中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)小區16個；建(jian)成規模養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)92個，其中(zhong)(zhong):養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)場(chang)37個；建(jian)成各(ge)(ge)類養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業(ye)村90個，飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)禽9.74萬(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)（只(zhi)），其中(zhong)(zhong)：養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)專(zhuan)業(ye)村72個；有(you)以(yi)皮毛、活(huo)畜(chu)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)7處(chu)，有(you)各(ge)(ge)類草畜(chu)產(chan)品(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)介組織(zhi)和(he)農(nong)民(min)經紀人1200多(duo)(duo)人（個），各(ge)(ge)類畜(chu)牧(mu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業(ye)協會和(he)經濟合(he)作組織(zhi)17個。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)生牧(mu)草留床(chuang)面(mian)積達(da)到(dao)9.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，在適宜區域(yu)大力推廣飼(si)料玉(yu)米、豌豆(dou)等一年(nian)生飼(si)料作物(wu)種植(zhi)面(mian)積7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。累計建(jian)成青貯(zhu)氨化(hua)池4425個，年(nian)青貯(zhu)氨化(hua)飼(si)草7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秸稈飼(si)料化(hua)利用率達(da)到(dao)了36%。牧(mu)業(ye)產(chan)值達(da)到(dao)1.8億元，人均牧(mu)業(ye)收入660元。