產地
東(dong)蘭(lan)縣地(di)處桂西北,云(yun)貴高原南(nan)緣,紅水(shui)河中游;東(dong)傍金(jin)(jin)城(cheng)江區(qu),西界鳳山(shan)縣,南(nan)傍大化、巴馬縣,北鄰南(nan)丹、天(tian)峨縣,離(li)自(zi)治區(qu)首府(fu)南(nan)寧市308公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,距河池市金(jin)(jin)城(cheng)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)130公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。323國道(dao)線過(guo)境。轄(xia)5個鎮(zhen)(zhen)和(he)18個鄉,縣人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)駐東(dong)蘭(lan)鎮(zhen)(zhen),行(xing)政區(qu)域總面積(ji)2415平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)1.2萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),糧食播種(zhong)面積(ji)2.12萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),經濟作物種(zhong)植面積(ji)2445公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。有林面積(ji)14.35萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。總人(ren)口27.4萬(wan),其中壯(zhuang)族占85%。其中農村人(ren)口25.6萬(wan)。有壯(zhuang)、瑤、苗、侗等少(shao)數民(min)族25.24萬(wan)人(ren)。人(ren)口自(zi)然增(zeng)長率2.07‰。
其板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)浸染(ran)紅水河谷氣(qi)候,顆大、油亮(liang),肉質粉(fen)糯綿甜,馳名大江南(nan)北,膾炙(zhi)都市人口(kou)。水陸兩便(bian)的(de)隘洞(dong)鎮是(shi)東蘭縣(xian)(xian)主要的(de)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)集(ji)散地,每年(nian)舊(jiu)歷八(ba)月中秋節前后,便(bian)有廣西區內外栗(li)(li)(li)(li)商云集(ji)該鎮采購。2001年(nian),國家林業局(ju)命名東蘭縣(xian)(xian)為“中國板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)之鄉”。2002年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達21萬(wan)畝(mu),其中掛果(guo)(guo)3.4萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)1000多萬(wan)公斤。2003年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達18.5萬(wan)畝(mu),其中掛果(guo)(guo)7萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)3500噸。2004年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達21.5萬(wan)畝(mu),其中掛果(guo)(guo)8萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)(li)4000噸。銷往全(quan)國各省(sheng)、市、自治區。
特色
東(dong)蘭板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)壽(shou)(shou)命長(chang)(chang)、產(chan)量(liang)高,產(chan)果期(qi)長(chang)(chang)達50年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上,甚至達100年(nian)(nian),被人們稱為一年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)百年(nian)(nian)收的(de)(de)“搖錢樹”,全縣(xian)有1000多(duo)株百年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)“壽(shou)(shou)星”板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)樹,至今仍果滿枝頭。1991年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來,經(jing)過(guo)科技(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)努(nu)力,東(dong)蘭縣(xian)又(you)引進(jin)全國有名的(de)(de)“九家種(zhong)”板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)與本地板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)嫁(jia)接,培育了具有矮化、早(zao)熟、高產(chan)、果粒(li)大、結果快(kuai)等優勢的(de)(de)雜(za)交板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)。目前(qian),東(dong)蘭板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)由1999年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)8萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)畝發展到(dao)現在的(de)(de)24.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)600萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin),盛產(chan)期(qi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)產(chan)量(liang)可達6000噸(dun)以(yi)(yi)上。東(dong)蘭縣(xian)2001年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)被國家林(lin)業局授予(yu)“中(zhong)國板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)之鄉(xiang)”稱號;2005年(nian)(nian),東(dong)蘭板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)被評(ping)為廣(guang)西名牌產(chan)品。每(mei)到(dao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)(li)上市季節,來自(zi)新疆、湖(hu)南、河南、安徽等20多(duo)個省(sheng)、市、自(zi)治區(qu)的(de)(de)收購(gou)商紛至沓來。
自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤地貌(mao)情(qing)況:東蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)種植區(qu)域(yu)主要為土(tu)坡地區(qu),土(tu)壤屬紅(hong)壤地帶(dai),成(cheng)土(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)淺(qian)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan),粉(fen)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan),鈣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan),砂質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泥(ni)(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),泥(ni)(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色、黃棕色頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、含隧石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、白云質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)夾硅質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)以及第(di)四紀(ji)紅(hong)土(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,發育成(cheng)紅(hong)壤,紅(hong)壤分布海拔500米以下(xia),山地紅(hong)壤500~670米,黃紅(hong)壤670~800米地帶(dai)。坡地紅(hong)壤,多(duo)為粘質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu),土(tu)壤深(shen)厚、較疏松、肥(fei)沃,PH值4.5-7.8,有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量≥30mg/kg,東蘭(lan)縣(xian)境礦藏少(shao),土(tu)壤有(you)害微量元素含量低,無(wu)工業污染(ran),比(bi)較適合于東蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)生長(chang)。
2、水文情況:東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)水資源豐(feng)富,且均(jun)為源頭(tou)類(lei)水源,水質好。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)大小河(he)(he)流(liu)251條,呈樹枝狀分布。發源于東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)的主要河(he)(he)流(liu)有(you)巴英河(he)(he)、板龍河(he)(he)、坡拉河(he)(he)、九曲河(he)(he)、板老河(he)(he)、坡豪河(he)(he)、三(san)甲河(he)(he),總長為162.4公里,年總徑流(liu)量9.6億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。以上河(he)(he)流(liu)均(jun)匯入紅(hong)水河(he)(he),紅(hong)水河(he)(he)是(shi)珠江流(liu)域西(xi)江水系的干流(liu),發源于云(yun)南(nan)省沾益縣(xian)(xian)馬雄(xiong)山(shan),在東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)河(he)(he)段(duan)全長115公里,是(shi)東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)境(jing)內(nei)最大的河(he)(he)流(liu)。縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)有(you)157處地下(xia)泉水點,現(xian)有(you)儲水工程312處,山(shan)塘水庫215座,有(you)效庫容(rong)2.97億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi),可(ke)灌溉(gai)面積(ji)(ji)1.04萬公頃(qing);引水工程131處,可(ke)灌溉(gai)面積(ji)(ji)1.16萬公頃(qing)。無工業(ye)污染,是(shi)理想的農業(ye)生產和生活水源。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況:東蘭縣(xian)屬于南亞熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候區.具有夏(xia)長冬(dong)短、熱量豐(feng)富、雨(yu)量充沛、水熱同期等氣(qi)候特點。全縣(xian)年均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)21.1℃,元月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.1℃,7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)27.0℃,日照充足,年平(ping)均(jun)日照時數為(wei)1382.9小時,年太陽總輻射量達83.8千卡/平(ping)方厘(li)米。年平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量1616.8毫米,降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)主(zhu)要集(ji)中在5—8月(yue)(yue),秋季降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)較少。10月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)晝夜溫(wen)差大,十分適宜(yi)東蘭板栗(li)生長。