一.產品介紹
大(da)同小(xiao)明(ming)綠豆(dou)主產區在大(da)同縣,種(zhong)植歷史悠久、面積(ji)大(da),是該縣傳統的(de)名優特產和(he)出口的(de)拳頭(tou)產品。該縣的(de)小(xiao)明(ming)綠豆(dou)顆粒飽滿,色澤深綠,發芽率(lv)和(he)營養價值(zhi)高(gao),經測定(ding),蛋白質含量(liang)25.6%,脂態含量(liang)0.7%,此外還(huan)有VA、VD等多種(zhong)成分,綠豆(dou)芽百克(ke)VC含量(liang)為(wei)6毫(hao)克(ke),是茄子的(de)2倍。小(xiao)明(ming)綠豆(dou)具有較高(gao)的(de)藥用價值(zhi),可(ke)消(xiao)腫下氣,清熱(re)解毒(du)、利(li)小(xiao)便、止渴消(xiao)暑。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素
大(da)同縣(xian)絕大(da)部(bu)(bu)分時間受西(xi)北氣流(liu)控制,溫帶大(da)陸性氣候物征明顯。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣溫6.4℃。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)積(ji)(ji)溫2846.5℃,無霜期為(wei)135天左右,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數為(wei)2987.8小時,日(ri)照(zhao)時間較長(chang)。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)386mm,非(fei)常適宜(yi)綠(lv)豆作物生長(chang)發育,在綠(lv)豆收獲期間雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較少,利于涼曬和(he)脫粒。大(da)同縣(xian)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)河流(liu)屬(shu)海河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,桑干河自西(xi)向(xiang)東橫(heng)貫(guan)全(quan)(quan)境。地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)21處(chu)泉眼,儲量(liang)(liang)約15億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米/年(nian)(nian),可開采(cai)量(liang)(liang)0.67億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米/年(nian)(nian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)多(duo)為(wei)巖石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)少量(liang)(liang)鹽堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。巖石裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主要(yao)飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清冽(lie)干醇。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)純天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優(you)、無污染(ran),除人畜吃(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)外,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)800多(duo)眼機(ji)井,用(yong)于農(nong)田灌溉(gai),所(suo)產(chan)黃花、蔬菜、綠(lv)豆均(jun)為(wei)綠(lv)色有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)品或無公害農(nong)產(chan)品,深受市(shi)場青睞,綠(lv)豆生長(chang)依靠天然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)勢為(wei)南北兩(liang)山(shan)夾一川槽(cao)形,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)平坦,東部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火山(shan)堆點綴,山(shan)地(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)37%,實有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耕(geng)地(di)(di)達(da)79萬畝,其中保護(hu)性耕(geng)地(di)(di)62萬畝。土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、黃綿土(tu)(tu)、栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)、鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)等六種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing),其中以褐(he)土(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)最多(duo),但面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)只占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)4%;栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)交織(zhi)成(cheng)沙壤土(tu)(tu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)低,但面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)大(da),占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)66%,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)廣種(zhong)(zhong)薄收,是(shi)歷(li)史上綠(lv)豆種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)主要(yao)區域。
三.地域范圍
大(da)同縣周(zhou)士莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)19個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)15個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),許堡(bao)鄉(xiang)20個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),峰(feng)峪鄉(xiang)17個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),吉家莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)23個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),杜(du)莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)4個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),西坪鎮(zhen)6個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)11個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun),共計115個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地理(li)坐標為東經(jing)113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北(bei)緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:大同小明綠(lv)豆顆粒(li)飽滿、均勻,色澤鮮綠(lv)、手感柔綿,有黃土(tu)高原特有的清新氣味。
2、內在品質(zhi):蛋白質(zhi)量(liang)≥25.6%,脂(zhi)肪含(han)量(liang)≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含(han)量(liang)豐富,綠(lv)豆芽百(bai)克VC含(han)量(liang)約為6mg。
3、安全(quan)要(yao)求:大同小明(ming)綠豆在(zai)生產(chan)過程中嚴格控制產(chan)品(pin),質量(liang)安全(quan),產(chan)品(pin)至少達到國(guo)家無公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)標準,并(bing)積極組織企(qi)業進行無公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)綠色食品(pin)認證。
五.特(te)定生產方式
1、產(chan)地選擇(ze)與特殊內容規(gui)定(ding):種(zhong)植基(ji)地選擇(ze)在(zai)干燥通風(feng)、光照時間較長(chang)的坡梁地塊(kuai),海撥高度1000米左右,雨水易(yi)排不(bu)易(yi)積(ji),有(you)利于根系發(fa)育,減少(shao)病蟲危害。 1、品種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特定(ding)要求:綠(lv)豆(dou)種(zhong)子選擇(ze)第(di)一(yi)茬(cha)結夾豆(dou)角,以(yi)粒大(da)飽滿(man)為前(qian)提,小而呈方形的種(zhong)子不(bu)選用。
2、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程管理:綠豆是典(dian)型的(de)(de)旱作(zuo)農(nong)業,對土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)力(li)要求不高(gao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時不宜施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)應以有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為主,化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)為輔(fu)。如(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei),化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)必須與有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)配合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),一般(ban)以小滿前(qian)后播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為宜,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一般(ban)每畝(mu)約1.5-2公(gong)斤,畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)1500公(gong)斤,肥(fei)(fei)力(li)中等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)畝(mu)留苗3500-4000株。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa):一般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)犁開溝,手溜籽的(de)(de)方式(shi)等(deng)行距播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深度一般(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)不混(hun)合(he),播(bo)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)不接觸。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均(jun)勻一致,覆土(tu)嚴密,播(bo)后適時填壓。為提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫,便于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽,目前(qian)絕大(da)部分地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)進(jin)行覆膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。田間(jian)管理:中耕:在(zai)出苗與開花前(qian)進(jin)行1-2次中耕,做到三(san)鏟(chan)三(san)趟,在(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)鏟(chan)趟不脫節(jie),于(yu)綠豆封壟(long)前(qian)結束,后期(qi)撥一遍(bian)大(da)草。病(bing)蟲(chong)草害防(fang)治:通(tong)過選用(yong)(yong)抗病(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作(zuo)倒茬、培育壯苗、精耕細作(zuo)等(deng)農(nong)業措施(shi)(shi)(shi);有(you)限度地(di)(di)(di)使用(yong)(yong)部分化(hua)學合(he)成農(nong)藥,每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥在(zai)作(zuo)物生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)一季當中只允(yun)許使用(yong)(yong)一次,使用(yong)(yong)要求、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)、方法(fa)等(deng)按GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行。嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)國家已公(gong)布的(de)(de)禁用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥。綠豆蚜蟲(chong):可選4.5%氯氰菊(ju)酯乳(ru)油1500倍液(ye)噴霧防(fang)治。因此(ci),這(zhe)樣生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出的(de)(de)綠豆產(chan)品完(wan)全 符合(he)《無公(gong)害綠豆生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》。
3、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)后處理規定:產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)全部采(cai)用人(ren)工采(cai)摘(zhai)的方(fang)法,防止籽(zi)粒破碎(sui)、霉爛;收獲(huo)后日曬自然涼(liang)干;應在上午露水未干或傍晚時(shi)收獲(huo)。做到單收割、單拉運、單堆(dui)放、單脫粒、單貯藏。企業收購加(jia)(jia)工完(wan)全按照《中華人(ren)民共和國食品(pin)衛生(sheng)法》要求,大氣環(huan)境符(fu)合《環(huan)境空(kong)氣質量標(biao)準》中Ⅰ級(ji)規定。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工企業全部有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許可證和衛生(sheng)許可證,加(jia)(jia)工人(ren)員身體健康。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)符(fu)合GB-1X123標(biao)準。
4、生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu):綠豆作物從選(xuan)種(zhong)、浸種(zhong)、播(bo)種(zhong)、病蟲(chong)害防治(zhi)、技(ji)術措施、農(nong)藥化肥的(de)使用(yong)(yong)等全(quan)部由技(ji)術人員記錄(lu)建檔,從鄉村(cun)綠豆生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)作社到縣綠豆生(sheng)產(chan)協會,都有明確(que)的(de)記錄(lu)。對于生(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中投入品(pin)的(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)、使用(yong)(yong)目的(de)、使用(yong)(yong)方法(fa)、使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)等都以表格(ge)的(de)形(xing)式記錄(lu)清楚。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業對加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)都有嚴格(ge)規(gui)定,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)、等級、數量(liang)也(ye)有明確(que)記錄(lu)。