一.產品介紹
大(da)同(tong)小(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)主產(chan)區在大(da)同(tong)縣,種植(zhi)歷史悠(you)久(jiu)、面積大(da),是該(gai)縣傳統的名優特產(chan)和出口(kou)的拳(quan)頭(tou)產(chan)品。該(gai)縣的小(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)顆粒飽滿,色澤深綠(lv)(lv),發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率和營養(yang)價(jia)值高,經測定,蛋白質含(han)量(liang)25.6%,脂態(tai)含(han)量(liang)0.7%,此(ci)外還有VA、VD等多種成分(fen),綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)芽(ya)(ya)百克(ke)VC含(han)量(liang)為6毫克(ke),是茄子的2倍(bei)。小(xiao)明(ming)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)具有較高的藥用價(jia)值,可(ke)消(xiao)腫下氣(qi),清熱解毒、利小(xiao)便、止渴消(xiao)暑。
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素
大同(tong)縣絕大部(bu)(bu)分時間受西(xi)北(bei)氣流(liu)控制,溫(wen)帶大陸性(xing)氣候物征明顯。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)6.4℃。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)2846.5℃,無霜期為135天左右,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時數為2987.8小(xiao)時,日(ri)照時間較長(chang)。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)(liang)為386mm,非(fei)常適(shi)宜綠(lv)(lv)豆作物生(sheng)長(chang)發育,在(zai)綠(lv)(lv)豆收獲(huo)期間雨水較少,利于涼曬和脫粒(li)。大同(tong)縣所(suo)有(you)河流(liu)屬海(hai)河水系(xi),桑干河自(zi)西(xi)向東橫貫全境。地(di)下水源豐富,有(you)21處泉(quan)眼(yan),儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)15億立方米/年(nian)(nian),可開(kai)采量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.67億立方米/年(nian)(nian)。水質多為巖石(shi)(shi)裂(lie)隙(xi)水,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)有(you)少量(liang)(liang)(liang)鹽堿水。巖石(shi)(shi)裂(lie)隙(xi)水是全縣主(zhu)(zhu)要飲用(yong)水,水質清冽干醇。水頭泉(quan)水、所(suo)有(you)地(di)下水為純天然(ran)水,水質優、無污染,除人畜吃水外,全縣仍有(you)800多眼(yan)機井,用(yong)于農田(tian)灌溉,所(suo)產(chan)黃花、蔬菜、綠(lv)(lv)豆均(jun)(jun)為綠(lv)(lv)色有(you)機產(chan)品或無公(gong)害農產(chan)品,深受市(shi)場青睞(lai),綠(lv)(lv)豆生(sheng)長(chang)依靠天然(ran)水。地(di)勢(shi)為南北(bei)兩山(shan)夾(jia)一川槽形,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)平坦,東部(bu)(bu)有(you)火山(shan)堆(dui)點綴(zhui),山(shan)地(di)丘陵面積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)37%,實有(you)耕地(di)達(da)79萬(wan)畝(mu),其中(zhong)保護性(xing)耕地(di)62萬(wan)畝(mu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)褐土(tu)(tu)、黃綿土(tu)(tu)、栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)、鹽堿土(tu)(tu)等六種(zhong)類型(xing),其中(zhong)以褐土(tu)(tu)有(you)機質含量(liang)(liang)(liang)最多,但面積(ji)(ji)只占(zhan)全縣總面積(ji)(ji)的4%;栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)交織成沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),有(you)機質含量(liang)(liang)(liang)低,但面積(ji)(ji)大,占(zhan)總面積(ji)(ji)的66%,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)廣種(zhong)薄(bo)收,是歷(li)史上綠(lv)(lv)豆種(zhong)植的主(zhu)(zhu)要區域。
三.地域范圍
大同(tong)縣(xian)周士莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮19個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),巨樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)15個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),許堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)20個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),峰峪鄉(xiang)(xiang)17個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),吉家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),杜莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),西坪鎮6個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),瓜園鄉(xiang)(xiang)11個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun),共計115個(ge)(ge)村(cun)(cun)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經113°20′00″~113°35′00″,北(bei)緯39°43′00″~40°16′00″。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特(te)征:大同小(xiao)明綠(lv)豆顆(ke)粒(li)飽滿、均勻,色澤(ze)鮮綠(lv)、手感柔(rou)綿,有(you)黃土高原(yuan)特(te)有(you)的清新氣(qi)味。
2、內在品質:蛋白質量≥25.6%,脂肪含(han)量≥0.8%,VA、VD、VB2含(han)量豐富(fu),綠豆芽百(bai)克VC含(han)量約(yue)為(wei)6mg。
3、安全要求:大同小(xiao)明綠豆在生產過程中嚴(yan)格控制產品(pin),質(zhi)量安全,產品(pin)至少(shao)達(da)到(dao)國家無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農產品(pin)標準,并積(ji)極組織(zhi)企業進行無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農產品(pin)和綠色食品(pin)認證。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地選擇(ze)與特殊(shu)內(nei)容規定:種植基地選擇(ze)在干燥通風、光(guang)照(zhao)時間較長的(de)坡梁地塊,海撥(bo)高度1000米左右,雨水易排不易積,有(you)利于根(gen)系(xi)發育,減少病蟲危害。 1、品種選擇(ze)與特定要(yao)求:綠豆種子選擇(ze)第一茬(cha)結夾豆角,以(yi)粒大飽(bao)滿為(wei)前提,小而(er)呈方形(xing)的(de)種子不選用。
2、生(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)理:綠豆(dou)是典型的(de)(de)旱作(zuo)農(nong)業,對(dui)土(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力要求(qiu)不高。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時不宜施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)應以有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為輔。如施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)必須與有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)配(pei)合施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),一(yi)般(ban)以小(xiao)滿(man)前后播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為宜,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)般(ban)每(mei)畝約1.5-2公斤(jin)(jin),畝施(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1500公斤(jin)(jin),肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力中(zhong)等地塊(kuai)畝留苗3500-4000株。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法:一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)犁開溝,手溜籽的(de)(de)方式等行(xing)距播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。深度(du)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)4-6㎝。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)不混合,播(bo)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)不接觸。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均勻一(yi)致,覆(fu)土(tu)嚴密,播(bo)后適時填壓。為提高地溫,便(bian)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽(ya),目前絕(jue)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)地塊(kuai)進行(xing)覆(fu)膜生(sheng)產(chan)。田(tian)間管(guan)理:中(zhong)耕:在(zai)出(chu)苗與開花前進行(xing)1-2次中(zhong)耕,做到三鏟三趟,在(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)育(yu)(yu)期(qi)鏟趟不脫節,于綠豆(dou)封(feng)壟前結束,后期(qi)撥一(yi)遍大(da)草(cao)。病蟲草(cao)害防(fang)治:通過選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗病品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作(zuo)倒茬(cha)、培育(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)苗、精耕細作(zuo)等農(nong)業措施(shi);有限度(du)地使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)分(fen)化學合成農(nong)藥,每(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)藥在(zai)作(zuo)物生(sheng)長的(de)(de)一(yi)季當中(zhong)只(zhi)允許(xu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)次,使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要求(qiu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、方法等按GB4285、GB8321(1-6)執行(xing)。嚴禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國家已公布的(de)(de)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥。綠豆(dou)蚜蟲:可選4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油(you)1500倍液噴霧防(fang)治。因此,這樣生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)綠豆(dou)產(chan)品(pin)完全 符合《無公害綠豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規程》。
3、產品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及產后(hou)處理規定(ding):產品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)全部采用(yong)人工采摘(zhai)的方法,防(fang)止籽粒破碎、霉(mei)爛;收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)后(hou)日曬(shai)自然涼干(gan);應在上午露(lu)水未干(gan)或傍(bang)晚時收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。做到(dao)單(dan)收(shou)(shou)割、單(dan)拉運、單(dan)堆放、單(dan)脫(tuo)粒、單(dan)貯藏。企業收(shou)(shou)購加(jia)工完全按照(zhao)《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)食品(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)法》要求,大氣環境符合《環境空氣質量標準》中Ⅰ級規定(ding)。生(sheng)產加(jia)工企業全部有(you)生(sheng)產許(xu)可證和(he)衛(wei)生(sheng)許(xu)可證,加(jia)工人員(yuan)身體健(jian)康。產品(pin)符合GB-1X123標準。
4、生產記錄(lu):綠豆作物從選種、浸種、播種、病蟲(chong)害防治、技術(shu)措施、農藥化肥的(de)使用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)全部(bu)由技術(shu)人員記錄(lu)建檔(dang),從鄉村(cun)綠豆生產合作社(she)到(dao)縣綠豆生產協(xie)會,都有明確(que)的(de)記錄(lu)。對于(yu)生產加(jia)工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)投(tou)入品的(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)間(jian)、使用(yong)(yong)目的(de)、使用(yong)(yong)方法、使用(yong)(yong)量等(deng)(deng)都以(yi)表格的(de)形式記錄(lu)清(qing)楚。加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)對加(jia)工工藝(yi)都有嚴格規定,加(jia)工時(shi)間(jian)、等(deng)(deng)級、數(shu)量也(ye)有明確(que)記錄(lu)。