一.產品介紹
廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉驢的(de)來源(yuan),無歷史記載,傳說(shuo)(shuo)不一,據縣(xian)志(見附件)記載,早在(zai)200年以前,驢就列為(wei)廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)大牲畜之一,因當(dang)時靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽(yang)原來廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)買驢的(de)販子(zi)較(jiao)多,到民國后(hou)期(qi),主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽(yang)原三(san)縣(xian)周圍。我縣(xian)的(de)產驢區中心以加斗、蕉山、王洼、南村、城關公(gong)社(she)密度較(jiao)大,戶均5頭(tou)。 廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉驢的(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)及故事:
1、據云南到(dao)廣靈做買賣的生意人傳說,廣靈畫(hua)眉驢真是厲害,被云南某驢場購進后,在(zai)一(yi)次山區放(fang)牧(mu)中,遇見一(yi)只老(lao)(lao)虎,放(fang)牧(mu)人危恐老(lao)(lao)虎撲向驢群(qun),這(zhe)時驢群(qun)中的公(gong)種驢跑到(dao)最前面,放(fang)聲宏亮的叫了(le)起來,把老(lao)(lao)虎給嚇跑了(le)。
2、據從(cong)(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)一(yi)直干獸醫(yi)、站長(chang)(chang)、副局長(chang)(chang)、局長(chang)(chang)崗位(wei)(wei)29年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)史寶洲(zhou)介(jie)紹說(shuo),他(ta)小時候聽民間講述(shu),驢(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)(cong)什么時間開始(shi)叫為(wei)“畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)。早在(zai)300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian),因它(ta)的(de)(de)內耳(er)、眼圈、嘴頭、前(qian)胸、肚底長(chang)(chang)為(wei)白色(se),被毛為(wei)黑(hei)色(se),形如美麗的(de)(de)畫眉(mei)(mei)鳥(niao),所以人(ren)(ren)民群眾從(cong)(cong)那時開始(shi)就(jiu)叫驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)“畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)歷史文(wen)獻(xian)、著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)有關資料(liao):從(cong)(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi),山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)科研所與(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學(xue)院協作(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)進行了(le)全(quan)(quan)面調查,1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)《山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽(qin)良種(zhong)(zhong)圖譜》一(yi)書中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)有廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)劉開基(ji)(ji)副省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)會(hui)(hui)議總結報告中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)講到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)、聞喜為(wei)優(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)繁殖(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)縣(xian)(會(hui)(hui)后(hou)正(zheng)式由山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府下發文(wen)件(jian)),確定(ding)西(xi)加斗、王洼莊(zhuang)、南岳莊(zhuang)、西(xi)宜興(xing)、將官莊(zhuang)、張(zhang)家(jia)洼等(deng)51個(ge)(ge)村(cun),為(wei)繁殖(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)村(cun)。對(dui)于培育畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)工作(zuo)(zuo),從(cong)(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,先(xian)后(hou)聘請山西(xi)農(nong)學(xue)院養(yang)馬(驢(lv)(lv)(lv))專家(jia)朱先(xian)煌、許金(jin)友,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧(mu)校(xiao)(xiao)校(xiao)(xiao)長(chang)(chang)于大甲等(deng)教授和(he)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)委(wei)的(de)(de)同(tong)志(zhi)鑒定(ding)。1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月由山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)學(xue)院畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)系和(he)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)局共同(tong)編(bian)寫了(le)資料(liao)匯編(bian)《山西(xi)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日,全(quan)(quan)國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)育種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術經驗交流會(hui)(hui)從(cong)(cong)山西(xi)夏縣(xian)轉到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)繼續(xu)開會(hui)(hui),全(quan)(quan)國馬匹畜(chu)(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)6個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)研究所和(he)本省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直單位(wei)(wei)、院校(xiao)(xiao)、12個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)代表(biao)共75人(ren)(ren)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)),對(dui)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)培育和(he)精心飼養(yang)給予高度(du)評價。并(bing)于1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月通過了(le)技(ji)術鑒定(ding)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。將廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)定(ding)為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國四大優(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之一(yi)。對(dui)其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)頭高1.6米的(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv),認定(ding)為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國驢(lv)(lv)(lv)之最(zui),世界亦屬罕見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),當時參會(hui)(hui)人(ren)(ren)員就(jiu)叫這頭驢(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖片)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)載入全(quan)(quan)國《馬驢(lv)(lv)(lv)品種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)》一(yi)書(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)政府共舉辦(ban)了(le)三(san)屆畫眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)評賽大會(hui)(hui)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)優(you)種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)場于1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月被列入山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國營種(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)場名單內(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian))。
據(ju)(ju)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)局統計,從六十年(nian)代初到(dao)現在,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)共有24個省、市(shi)自治區和本省38個市(shi)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、區累計從廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)調(diao)出優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)3560多頭。據(ju)(ju)本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)蕉山鄉東崖頭村尉金講述(shu):“廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)1959年(nian)向(xiang)越(yue)南(nan)民(min)主共和國(guo)(guo)出口種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)(lv)3頭,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母驢(lv)(lv)7頭,組織上(shang)選(xuan)派他和另外(wai)兩人(ren)(ren)與雁北地區畜(chu)牧(mu)局的(de)(de)(de)3位同志一(yi)(yi)起用汽(qi)車(che)、火車(che)護送到(dao)越(yue)南(nan)國(guo)(guo)境內”。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)這一(yi)(yi)優良(liang)驢(lv)(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)其特有的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用、役(yi)用、肉(rou)用價值(zhi),驢(lv)(lv)皮是阿膠藥物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)主要原料,有較高的(de)(de)(de)藥用價值(zhi),因此廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)馳名中(zhong)外(wai),譽滿全(quan)國(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)2月國(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部第662號公(gong)告(gao)確定(ding)(ding)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級畜(chu)禽遺(yi)傳(chuan)資源保護品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)8月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府召開了“首屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)文化節”(見圖片(pian))。2009年(nian)11月我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)第一(yi)(yi)批獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)保護區范圍。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)場(chang)(chang)(chang)獲(huo)得(de)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)(lv)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。2010年(nian)12月廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)養殖協(xie)會,已將廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)家(jia)商標局注(zhu)冊(見附件(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隨著農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)調(diao)整,傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)谷子和豆類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)逐年(nian)擴(kuo)大,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植谷子的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)從二(er)OO一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),上(shang)升到(dao)10萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),豆類(lei)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)也上(shang)升到(dao)4.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。再加上(shang)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)32萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)玉米秸桿,還有天然(ran)草(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang),人(ren)(ren)工種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)也逐年(nian)擴(kuo)大,飼草(cao)、飼料為廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)發展具備了雄(xiong)厚的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質基礎。更是開辟了廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)人(ren)(ren)民(min)致富的(de)(de)(de)道路,對(dui)于(yu)實施農(nong)業(ye)增(zeng)效,農(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收,農(nong)村穩定(ding)(ding),繁榮市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang),改善(shan)食物(wu)結(jie)構豐(feng)富菜籃子,提高人(ren)(ren)民(min)生活水平奠定(ding)(ding)了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)基礎,產(chan)品將銷(xiao)往(wang)大同、太原、北京、天津、河(he)北等大中(zhong)型城市(shi),逐步(bu)遠銷(xiao)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)大市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素(su)
廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于山西省(sheng)東(dong)北(bei)邊陲,北(bei)依(yi)陽高(gao)、天(tian)鎮(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西傍(bang)北(bei)岳恒山東(dong)襟,南與靈(ling)邱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄰(lin),東(dong)接朔蔚(yu)公(gong)路和(he)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)的(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤(rang)(rang),是(shi)山西省(sheng)距離(li)北(bei)京市最近(jin)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)區。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面積(ji)1283平(ping)方公(gong)里,地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌半(ban)山半(ban)川,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)西、北(bei)部多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山區,西高(gao)東(dong)低(di),北(bei)高(gao)南低(di),形如四塊盆地(di)(di)(di)(di),自然地(di)(di)(di)(di)形可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、平(ping)原三(san)部分,各占三(san)分之一(yi)左(zuo)右。壺(hu)流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)慣穿東(dong)西,水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛(pei),交通方便,土地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥沃。1.土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)生長在地(di)(di)(di)(di)處雁北(bei)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)廣靈(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),土壤(rang)(rang)類型以礫石、沙土、壤(rang)(rang)土、粘土為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),土壤(rang)(rang)PH值7.2—7.8之間(jian)。有機質32.4mg/kg,堿解(jie)氮210.2mg/kg,有效(xiao)磷126.2mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀(jia)568mg/kg,這(zhe)(zhe)種土質有機質養分較高(gao),加(jia)之縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)內沒有工業污(wu)染,為(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)質谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)(ma)等小(xiao)(xiao)雜糧最佳(jia)生產(chan)區域(yu)。這(zhe)(zhe)幾種植物(wu)正(zheng)是(shi)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)整(zheng)個(ge)生長期不可缺(que)少的(de)(de)優(you)質飼(si)(si)料和(he)飼(si)(si)草。2.水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)內壺(hu)流(liu)河(he)(he)(he)、枕頭河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)庫、下河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)庫、水(shui)(shui)神(shen)堂(tang)交匯于縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)東(dong)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)南,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富。主(zhu)要澆灌宜興(xing)、加(jia)斗、蕉(jiao)山和(he)壺(hu)泉四個(ge)大(da)鄉鎮(zhen)74個(ge)大(da)村,枕頭河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)庫,下河(he)(he)(he)灣水(shui)(shui)庫和(he)水(shui)(shui)神(shen)堂(tang)水(shui)(shui)體質量(liang)(liang)達到國家(jia)一(yi)級飲用水(shui)(shui)標準,富含多(duo)種礦物(wu)質。山清水(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)藍天(tian),空氣(qi)(qi)質量(liang)(liang)達到國家(jia)一(yi)級標準,很適宜谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)(ma)產(chan)品生長,為(wei)(wei)(wei)飼(si)(si)養廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)提供(gong)了獨一(yi)無二的(de)(de)優(you)質草料。3.氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)高(gao)寒地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,春季(ji)少雨多(duo)風(feng),夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱,最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)達到34℃,降水(shui)(shui)集中在公(gong)歷6—9月間(jian),秋季(ji)多(duo)是(shi)晴朗涼爽天(tian)氣(qi)(qi),冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)干燥,四季(ji)分明,無霜期差異較大(da),中部、東(dong)北(bei)部、東(dong)南部的(de)(de)平(ping)川為(wei)(wei)(wei)160天(tian)左(zuo)右,西部山區為(wei)(wei)(wei)130天(tian)左(zuo)右。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)9度(du),全(quan)年日照時數在2800—3100小(xiao)(xiao)時之間(jian),年平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)415mm,與谷子、豆類、葫(hu)麻(ma)(ma)等小(xiao)(xiao)雜糧最佳(jia)生長期吻合,為(wei)(wei)(wei)飼(si)(si)養廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉驢(lv)提供(gong)了優(you)越的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候優(you)勢。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈(ling)畫眉驢農產品地(di)(di)理(li)標志保護區域為:廣(guang)靈(ling)縣所轄2鎮7個鄉,即:南(nan)村(cun)鎮、壺泉(quan)鎮、加斗鄉、作(zuo)疃鄉、宜興(xing)鄉、蕉山(shan)鄉、斗泉(quan)鄉、梁莊(zhuang)鄉、望狐鄉的180個行(xing)政村(cun)(北(bei)至劉家(jia)溝村(cun),西(xi)(xi)(xi)至東(dong)福(fu)窯村(cun),南(nan)至聶家(jia)溝村(cun),東(dong)至下恩(en)莊(zhuang)村(cun)),養殖面積128300公頃,年(nian)出欄4300多頭,出欄率占(zhan)45%,年(nian)存欄9600多頭。地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標北(bei)緯39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之(zhi)間(jian),全(quan)境(jing)地(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)高,東(dong)南(nan)低(di),從西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)逐漸(jian)傾斜(xie),海(hai)拔最高2375米(mi),最低(di)930米(mi)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1.外在感官特(te)(te)征(zheng):廣靈(ling)畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)外形特(te)(te)征(zheng)是:體格高大,結(jie)構勻稱,肌肉豐滿,鼻梁平(ping)直,眼(yan)大微突(tu),兩耳(er)豎立而靈(ling)活,背部寬(kuan)廣平(ping)直,腹部充實,四(si)肢粗壯,蹄質堅硬,尾粗長。因內耳(er)、眼(yan)圈、嘴頭(tou)、前胸(xiong)、肚(du)底為(wei)白色,被毛為(wei)黑色,形如美(mei)麗的(de)畫(hua)眉(mei)鳥,所以叫“畫(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)”。
2.內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi):廣靈畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)營養豐富,是一種低脂(zhi)肪、高(gao)蛋白質(zhi)的(de)(de)食物。高(gao)等級(ji)的(de)(de)驢(lv)胴(dong)體(ti),在屠宰車間(jian)(jian)吊起時,整(zheng)個體(ti)軀顯得豐滿,兩后腿之間(jian)(jian)呈(cheng)“U”字形(xing),胴(dong)體(ti)肌肉(rou)發育良好,肌肉(rou)纖維間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪沉積(ji)較多(duo),呈(cheng)大理石狀。與(yu)牛(niu)肉(rou)、羊肉(rou)、豬肉(rou)相比,有(you)著(zhu)瘦肉(rou)多(duo)、脂(zhi)肪少的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),加之該畫眉驢(lv)肉(rou)有(you)著(zhu)特(te)殊的(de)(de)生物學和食品(pin)(pin)價值,因而深受消費者的(de)(de)歡迎。它的(de)(de)內(nei)含成分為:水分65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白質(zhi)≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量≥485KJ/100g;鉀≥300mg/100g;鈉≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不(bu)飽和脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)≥4.0%,其中(zhong)油(you)酸(suan)(suan)≥3.0%,亞油(you)酸(suan)(suan)≥1.0%,亞麻酸(suan)(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬(dong)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求:廣靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)所飼喂的(de)草料,飲(yin)用(yong)水,要(yao)(yao)求無(wu)毒無(wu)污染,看病、防疫、打針、灌藥的(de)獸醫要(yao)(yao)有資質證明(ming),嚴(yan)禁雇(gu)用(yong)無(wu)任(ren)何證照的(de)獸醫行(xing)醫。在屠(tu)宰前15天(tian),嚴(yan)禁打針、灌藥和飼喂不安(an)全(quan)的(de)草料和飲(yin)用(yong)水。所屠(tu)宰的(de)生驢(lv)肉(rou)產品必(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合(he)中華人(ren)民共和國肉(rou)食類規定(ding)的(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)安(an)全(quan)指標,在包(bao)裝、標識上需符(fu)合(he)農業部《農產品包(bao)裝和標識管理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》,進入市場(chang)的(de)必(bi)須(xu)遵守《農產品質量安(an)全(quan)法(fa)(fa)》及其它(ta)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規的(de)有關規定(ding)。包(bao)裝材料應(ying)符(fu)合(he)GB11680和GB89687的(de)規定(ding),包(bao)裝物使用(yong)無(wu)毒油墨印刷(shua),銷售(shou)和包(bao)裝物應(ying)標注“廣靈(ling)畫眉驢(lv)”標志,并標明(ming)產品名稱、數量、產地、包(bao)裝日期(qi)、生產單位、保質期(qi)、產品質量、執行(xing)標準(zhun)(zhun)代號等級等內容。
五(wu).特定生產方式
1.產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特殊內容(rong)規定:產(chan)地(di)要(yao)求:全(quan)縣(xian)所有飼養(yang)畫眉驢(lv)的公司、場、合作(zuo)社和(he)小區(qu)場所的基地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇,應(ying)遠離城區(qu)、工業污染區(qu)和(he)生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾場的地(di)方,所飼養(yang)的畫眉驢(lv)90%以上海拔在1200—1800米(mi)之間。環境(jing)質量:要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇空氣(qi)清新、水(shui)質純凈,具有良好生(sheng)態環境(jing)的地(di)區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)選擇與特定要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):幼駒選擇主要(yao)(yao)是眼(yan)圈、嘴頭、內耳、前(qian)胸、肚底(di)均為(wei)(wei)白色,被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)為(wei)(wei)黑色,齒齊、口(kou)方、軀(qu)干長的留(liu)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),橫雜毛(mao)(mao)色的作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉用(yong)。特定要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):三春(chun)公種(zhong)驢體高(gao)1.30米(mi)以上作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),1.30米(mi)以下基本上作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉用(yong),母驢體高(gao)1.2米(mi)以上留(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)用(yong)繁殖,1.2米(mi)以下及橫雜毛(mao)(mao)色的作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)肉用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程(cheng)管理:從配種、胚胎到幼駒(ju),生(sheng)長(chang)為(wei)成驢(三春),完成它的生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育期,按(an)照生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育的優劣,留為(wei)種用或肉(rou)用規律,一般分(fen)為(wei)6個時期。
(1)胚胎(tai)期:母(mu)驢(lv)(lv)懷(huai)胎(tai)360多(duo)天才能產駒,要加強護理(li),增加營(ying)養(yang)(yang)。養(yang)(yang)好妊娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv)(lv),保證胎(tai)兒正常發育。由于先天發育的良好,才能為生后發育奠(dian)定基礎,胎(tai)兒的營(ying)養(yang)(yang)由母(mu)體獲得(de)。因此,必(bi)須加強妊娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv)(lv)的飼養(yang)(yang),特別是妊娠(shen)最后2—3個月。所(suo)以養(yang)(yang)好妊娠(shen)母(mu)驢(lv)(lv)對(dui)胎(tai)兒及生后的良好發育都有著雙重的意(yi)義。
(2)幼駒期:幼駒出(chu)生后在兩小時內(nei)應(ying)盡早(zao)吃(chi)(chi)好初乳,產后3天以(yi)(yi)內(nei)的(de)初乳營養豐富,含有(you)抗體和較(jiao)多無機鹽類,可(ke)增(zeng)強驢駒的(de)免疫力(li)和胎糞的(de)排(pai)出(chu)。在吃(chi)(chi)飽營養豐富的(de)母乳的(de)基礎上(shang),從1-2月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)時開(kai)始(shi)喂精料,每天150—200克(ke),兩個月(yue)(yue)后逐步增(zeng)加到0.5千克(ke),斷奶時達(da)到0.75—1千克(ke),1—6月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)以(yi)(yi)內(nei),幼駒的(de)生長強度,體長、胸(xiong)圍的(de)增(zeng)長值都(dou)超過(guo)20厘米,為生后生長強度最快時期。另外,還(huan)要(yao)補充食鹽、骨(gu)粉10—15克(ke),飼(si)草任其采食。
(3)兩(liang)歲期:兩(liang)歲驢(lv)駒體(ti)(ti)長(chang)相對生長(chang)發育速度加快,體(ti)(ti)長(chang)可占(zhan)成(cheng)年的(de)93.7%,此時(shi)體(ti)(ti)高(gao)和管圍分別(bie)占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)96%和97%,只有胸圍占(zhan)成(cheng)年的(de)89%。精料(liao)(豆類、玉(yu)米、麩皮(pi)、麻參、骨粉(fen))每日可喂3—4公斤左右。
(4)3歲期:3歲時驢(lv)的(de)胸圍(wei)生長(chang)速度增(zeng)快,胸圍(wei)占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)94.8%,而(er)這時體(ti)高、體(ti)長(chang)和管圍(wei)分(fen)別占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲時驢(lv)的(de)體(ti)尺接近成(cheng)年驢(lv)體(ti)尺,體(ti)格基本(ben)定型,胸圍(wei)和體(ti)重以后有小的(de)增(zeng)長(chang),性機能已完全成(cheng)熟,可以投入(ru)配種繁殖。精料與(yu)兩歲駒(ju)基本(ben)相同,每頭母(mu)驢(lv)在飼養(yang)、管理好(hao)的(de)情(qing)況下,應產駒(ju)10—16頭。
(5)產(chan)品屠宰(zai)(zai)及(ji)產(chan)后(hou)(hou)處理(li)規(gui)定(ding):育肥(fei)驢(lv)屠宰(zai)(zai)應在(zai)四(si)歲(sui)至十五歲(sui)之間(jian),通過短(duan)期育肥(fei),屠宰(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)應胴體修整(zheng)、劈半、水(shui)沖、檢驗和(he)加蓋衛生檢疫章等工(gong)序,要(yao)及(ji)時冷凍。冷凍溫度(du)應在(zai)-5℃以下(xia)。3.6生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu):為達到色、香、味(wei)美。廣靈畫眉驢(lv)屠宰(zai)(zai)、加工(gong)企業、公司、小區、合作社組織和(he)養殖戶,應當(dang)按照《農產(chan)品質量(liang)安全法》的要(yao)求(qiu),建立(li)喂養記(ji)錄(lu)和(he)防病治(zhi)病的記(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)載近(jin)期投入品的名稱、來源;疾病最后(hou)(hou)的治(zhi)療時間(jian),停(ting)藥的最后(hou)(hou)時期。記(ji)錄(lu)保存(cun)二年。