一.產品介紹
廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)的(de)(de)來(lai)源,無(wu)歷史記載,傳(chuan)說(shuo)不一(yi),據(ju)縣志(見附(fu)件)記載,早在200年以(yi)前,驢(lv)就列為(wei)廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)縣大牲(sheng)畜之一(yi),因當時靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽原來(lai)廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)買驢(lv)的(de)(de)販子較多,到民國后期,主要分布在廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)、靈(ling)(ling)(ling)丘、陽原三縣周圍(wei)。我縣的(de)(de)產驢(lv)區中(zhong)心(xin)以(yi)加斗、蕉山、王洼、南村、城(cheng)關公社密度較大,戶均5頭。 廣靈(ling)(ling)(ling)畫眉驢(lv)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)及故事:
1、據(ju)云(yun)南到廣靈做買(mai)賣的(de)(de)生意人傳說,廣靈畫眉驢真(zhen)是厲害(hai),被云(yun)南某驢場購進(jin)后,在一次山區放(fang)牧中(zhong),遇見一只(zhi)老虎,放(fang)牧人危恐老虎撲向驢群,這時驢群中(zhong)的(de)(de)公種驢跑到最前(qian)面,放(fang)聲宏亮的(de)(de)叫(jiao)了(le)起來,把老虎給(gei)嚇(xia)跑了(le)。
2、據從(cong)1955年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)一(yi)直干獸(shou)醫(yi)、站長(chang)(chang)(chang)、副(fu)局(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)、局(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)崗位29年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)史寶洲介紹說(shuo),他(ta)小時(shi)候(hou)聽民(min)間講(jiang)述,驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)從(cong)什(shen)么時(shi)間開(kai)(kai)始(shi)叫(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”的(de)(de)。早在(zai)300年(nian)(nian)前(qian),因它的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)耳、眼(yan)圈、嘴頭(tou)、前(qian)胸、肚底長(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)白(bai)色(se),被毛為(wei)黑色(se),形如美(mei)麗(li)的(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)鳥,所(suo)以人(ren)民(min)群眾從(cong)那時(shi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)就叫(jiao)(jiao)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)“畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)歷史文(wen)獻、著作(zuo)(zuo)等有(you)關資料(liao):從(cong)1959年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)醫(yi)科研(yan)(yan)所(suo)與省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)協作(zuo)(zuo),對(dui)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽進行了(le)(le)全(quan)面調查(cha),1960年(nian)(nian)編寫的(de)(de)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家畜(chu)(chu)(chu)家禽良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)圖譜》一(yi)書中就有(you)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。1959年(nian)(nian)劉開(kai)(kai)基副(fu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會議總結報(bao)告中就講(jiang)到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)、聞喜為(wei)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)繁殖基地縣(xian)(會后(hou)(hou)正式由山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)委、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)下發文(wen)件(jian)(jian)),確(que)定西(xi)(xi)加斗、王洼(wa)莊(zhuang)、南(nan)岳莊(zhuang)、西(xi)(xi)宜興、將官(guan)莊(zhuang)、張家洼(wa)等51個(ge)村(cun),為(wei)繁殖基地村(cun)。對(dui)于培(pei)育(yu)(yu)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),從(cong)1963年(nian)(nian)起,先后(hou)(hou)聘請山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)養馬(ma)(ma)(驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv))專家朱先煌、許(xu)金友(you),省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)牧校(xiao)(xiao)校(xiao)(xiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)于大(da)(da)甲等教授(shou)和(he)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)編委的(de)(de)同志鑒定。1973年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)學院(yuan)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)醫(yi)系(xi)和(he)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧局(ju)共(gong)同編寫了(le)(le)資料(liao)匯編《山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)》(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)),1983年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)1日(ri),全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術經驗交(jiao)流(liu)會從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)夏縣(xian)轉到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)繼(ji)續開(kai)(kai)會,全(quan)國(guo)馬(ma)(ma)匹畜(chu)(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)委員會的(de)(de)6個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧獸(shou)醫(yi)研(yan)(yan)究所(suo)和(he)本(ben)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5個(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直單位、院(yuan)校(xiao)(xiao)、12個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)代表(biao)共(gong)75人(ren)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)),對(dui)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)和(he)精心飼養給予(yu)高度評(ping)價。并于1985年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)通過了(le)(le)技術鑒定(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。將廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)四大(da)(da)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)一(yi)。對(dui)其中一(yi)頭(tou)高1.6米的(de)(de)公驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),認定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)最,世界亦屬罕見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),當時(shi)參會人(ren)員就叫(jiao)(jiao)這(zhe)頭(tou)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)王(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖片)。同年(nian)(nian)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)載(zai)入全(quan)國(guo)《馬(ma)(ma)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》一(yi)書(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。截止1985年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)政府(fu)共(gong)舉辦了(le)(le)三屆(jie)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)(mei)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)評(ping)賽(sai)大(da)(da)會(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。廣(guang)(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)優種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)場(chang)于1986年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)被列入山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國(guo)營(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)場(chang)名單內(nei)(nei)(見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian))。
據縣畜(chu)牧獸醫(yi)局(ju)統(tong)(tong)計(ji),從(cong)六十年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)到(dao)現在,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共有24個(ge)省(sheng)、市(shi)自治區和(he)(he)本省(sheng)38個(ge)市(shi)、縣、區累計(ji)從(cong)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣調出優種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)3560多頭(tou)。據本縣蕉山鄉東(dong)崖(ya)頭(tou)村尉(wei)金講述:“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣于1959年(nian)(nian)向越南民(min)(min)主共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出口種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)驢(lv)3頭(tou),種(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)驢(lv)7頭(tou),組織上(shang)(shang)(shang)選派他(ta)和(he)(he)另外(wai)兩人與雁北地(di)區畜(chu)牧局(ju)的(de)(de)3位同志一(yi)起用(yong)汽車(che)、火(huo)車(che)護送到(dao)越南國(guo)(guo)(guo)境內”。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)這一(yi)優良驢(lv)種(zhong)(zhong)以其特(te)有的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)、役用(yong)、肉用(yong)價值,驢(lv)皮是阿膠(jiao)藥物的(de)(de)主要(yao)原料(liao),有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)藥用(yong)價值,因(yin)此廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)馳名中外(wai),譽滿全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。2007年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部第662號公(gong)告(gao)確定廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級畜(chu)禽遺(yi)傳(chuan)資(zi)源保(bao)護品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),2009年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣委(wei)、縣政府召開了“首屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)﹒廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)文化節”(見(jian)圖片)。2009年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)我(wo)縣第一(yi)批獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)護區范圍。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣優種(zhong)(zhong)驢(lv)場獲得廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)驢(lv)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)場。2010年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)養殖協會(hui),已將廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)報送國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)商標局(ju)注冊(見(jian)附(fu)件)。廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)縣是傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)縣,隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)調整,傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)谷子(zi)和(he)(he)豆類種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)逐年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),全(quan)(quan)縣種(zhong)(zhong)植谷子(zi)的(de)(de)面積(ji)從(cong)二(er)OO一(yi)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3.5萬畝(mu)(mu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)10萬畝(mu)(mu),豆類面積(ji)也上(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)4.5萬畝(mu)(mu)。再加上(shang)(shang)(shang)全(quan)(quan)縣32萬畝(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)玉米(mi)秸桿(gan),還(huan)有天然(ran)草場,人工種(zhong)(zhong)草也逐年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),飼(si)草、飼(si)料(liao)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)畫(hua)(hua)眉(mei)驢(lv)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定發展具備了雄厚(hou)的(de)(de)物質基礎。更(geng)是開辟(pi)了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)靈(ling)人民(min)(min)致富的(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu),對于實施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)效,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增(zeng)收(shou),農(nong)(nong)(nong)村穩(wen)定,繁榮市(shi)場,改善食物結(jie)構(gou)豐富菜籃子(zi),提(ti)高人民(min)(min)生活水平奠(dian)定了良好(hao)的(de)(de)基礎,產(chan)品(pin)將銷往大(da)同、太原、北京、天津、河北等(deng)大(da)中型城市(shi),逐步(bu)遠銷國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)大(da)市(shi)場。
二.自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素
廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣位于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省東(dong)(dong)北(bei)邊陲,北(bei)依陽高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、天(tian)鎮縣,西(xi)(xi)傍(bang)北(bei)岳恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)襟,南與靈(ling)(ling)邱縣為(wei)鄰,東(dong)(dong)接朔蔚(yu)公路(lu)和河北(bei)省的(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣接壤(rang),是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省距(ju)離北(bei)京市最(zui)近的(de)(de)縣區。全縣總面積(ji)1283平(ping)方公里,地(di)貌半(ban)(ban)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)(ban)川(chuan),縣域(yu)西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)部多為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區,西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)(dong)低,北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)南低,形如(ru)四塊盆地(di),自然地(di)形可分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘陵、平(ping)原(yuan)三(san)部分(fen),各占三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)左(zuo)右。壺流河慣穿東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi),水(shui)(shui)源充沛(pei),交(jiao)通方便,土(tu)(tu)地(di)肥沃。1.土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang):廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢生(sheng)長在(zai)地(di)處(chu)雁北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)區的(de)(de)廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)縣,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)以礫石、沙土(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粘土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值7.2—7.8之(zhi)(zhi)間。有機(ji)質(zhi)32.4mg/kg,堿解氮210.2mg/kg,有效磷126.2mg/kg,速(su)效鉀(jia)568mg/kg,這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)有機(ji)質(zhi)養(yang)(yang)分(fen)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),加之(zhi)(zhi)縣域(yu)內沒有工業污染,為(wei)優(you)質(zhi)谷子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)麻等小(xiao)雜(za)糧最(zui)佳生(sheng)產區域(yu)。這(zhe)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植物(wu)正是畫(hua)眉驢整個生(sheng)長期不(bu)可缺(que)少的(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)飼(si)(si)料和飼(si)(si)草(cao)。2.水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):該縣域(yu)內壺流河、枕頭河水(shui)(shui)庫、下河灣水(shui)(shui)庫、水(shui)(shui)神堂交(jiao)匯于(yu)縣城東(dong)(dong)和縣城南,水(shui)(shui)資源極為(wei)豐富。主要澆灌宜(yi)興(xing)、加斗、蕉(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和壺泉四個大(da)鄉(xiang)鎮74個大(da)村,枕頭河水(shui)(shui)庫,下河灣水(shui)(shui)庫和水(shui)(shui)神堂水(shui)(shui)體質(zhi)量達(da)到(dao)國家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)標準(zhun),富含多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)礦物(wu)質(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清水(shui)(shui)秀、碧水(shui)(shui)藍天(tian),空氣(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量達(da)到(dao)國家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級標準(zhun),很適(shi)宜(yi)谷子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)麻產品生(sheng)長,為(wei)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢提(ti)供了獨(du)一(yi)(yi)無二(er)的(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)草(cao)料。3.氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):該縣屬高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)寒(han)地(di)帶,春季(ji)(ji)少雨多風,夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱(re),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫達(da)到(dao)34℃,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中在(zai)公歷6—9月間,秋季(ji)(ji)多是晴朗涼爽天(tian)氣(qi)(qi),冬季(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)干燥,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,無霜期差異較大(da),中部、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部、東(dong)(dong)南部的(de)(de)平(ping)川(chuan)為(wei)160天(tian)左(zuo)右,西(xi)(xi)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區為(wei)130天(tian)左(zuo)右。全縣年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫9度(du),全年日照時數在(zai)2800—3100小(xiao)時之(zhi)(zhi)間,年平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)415mm,與谷子、豆(dou)類(lei)、葫(hu)麻等小(xiao)雜(za)糧最(zui)佳生(sheng)長期吻合,為(wei)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)廣(guang)靈(ling)(ling)畫(hua)眉驢提(ti)供了優(you)越的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)優(you)勢(shi)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)靈畫眉(mei)驢(lv)農產品地理標(biao)志保護區域為:廣(guang)靈縣所轄2鎮7個鄉(xiang),即:南(nan)村(cun)鎮、壺泉鎮、加斗鄉(xiang)、作(zuo)疃鄉(xiang)、宜興鄉(xiang)、蕉(jiao)山鄉(xiang)、斗泉鄉(xiang)、梁莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、望狐鄉(xiang)的180個行政(zheng)村(cun)(北至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劉家(jia)溝村(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)福窯村(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聶(nie)家(jia)溝村(cun),東(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下恩(en)莊(zhuang)村(cun)),養殖面積(ji)128300公頃,年(nian)出欄(lan)(lan)4300多(duo)頭(tou),出欄(lan)(lan)率占45%,年(nian)存欄(lan)(lan)9600多(duo)頭(tou)。地理坐標(biao)北緯(wei)39°51′—39°55′,東(dong)(dong)(dong)徑113°51′—114°24′之間,全境(jing)地勢西北高,東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)低(di),從西北向東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)逐漸傾(qing)斜,海拔最高2375米,最低(di)930米。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1.外在感官(guan)特(te)征(zheng):廣靈(ling)畫眉(mei)驢的外形特(te)征(zheng)是:體格(ge)高大(da)(da),結構(gou)勻稱,肌肉豐(feng)滿,鼻梁平(ping)直,眼(yan)大(da)(da)微突,兩耳(er)豎立而靈(ling)活,背部(bu)寬廣平(ping)直,腹(fu)部(bu)充實(shi),四(si)肢粗壯,蹄質堅硬,尾粗長。因(yin)內(nei)耳(er)、眼(yan)圈、嘴頭、前胸、肚(du)底(di)為白色,被毛為黑色,形如(ru)美麗的畫眉(mei)鳥,所以叫(jiao)“畫眉(mei)驢”。
2.內在(zai)品(pin)質:廣靈畫眉(mei)驢肉(rou)營養豐富,是一種低脂(zhi)肪(fang)、高(gao)蛋白(bai)質的(de)(de)食物。高(gao)等(deng)級的(de)(de)驢胴體(ti),在(zai)屠宰車(che)間(jian)(jian)吊起(qi)時(shi),整個體(ti)軀顯得豐滿(man),兩后腿之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)呈“U”字形(xing),胴體(ti)肌肉(rou)發(fa)育良好(hao),肌肉(rou)纖維間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)沉積較多(duo),呈大理石狀。與牛肉(rou)、羊肉(rou)、豬肉(rou)相(xiang)比,有著(zhu)瘦肉(rou)多(duo)、脂(zhi)肪(fang)少的(de)(de)特點,加之(zhi)(zhi)該畫眉(mei)驢肉(rou)有著(zhu)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)生物學(xue)和食品(pin)價值(zhi),因而深受消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)歡迎。它的(de)(de)內含成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)為:水分(fen)(fen)65.0-75.0 g/100g;灰分(fen)(fen)≤1.5 g/100g;蛋白(bai)質≥18g/100g;脂(zhi)肪(fang)3.0-12.0g/100g;熱量≥485KJ/100g;鉀(jia)≥300mg/100g;鈉≤ 46.0mg/100g;鈣≥2.0mg/100g;鐵(tie)≥3.0mg/100g;鋅≥2.0mg/100g;磷≥170mg/100g;不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)≥4.0%,其中油酸(suan)(suan)≥3.0%,亞(ya)油酸(suan)(suan)≥1.0%,亞(ya)麻酸(suan)(suan)≥0.2%;天門冬(dong)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥1.5g/100g;谷(gu)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)≥2.5g/100g。
3.安(an)全要求:廣(guang)靈畫眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)所(suo)飼喂的草(cao)料,飲用(yong)(yong)水,要求無毒無污染,看病、防(fang)疫、打針、灌(guan)藥(yao)的獸醫要有(you)資質(zhi)證明,嚴禁雇用(yong)(yong)無任何證照的獸醫行(xing)醫。在屠宰前15天(tian),嚴禁打針、灌(guan)藥(yao)和(he)飼喂不安(an)全的草(cao)料和(he)飲用(yong)(yong)水。所(suo)屠宰的生(sheng)(sheng)驢(lv)(lv)肉產(chan)品必須(xu)符(fu)合中華人民(min)共和(he)國(guo)肉食類規定(ding)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)安(an)全指標(biao)(biao)(biao),在包(bao)裝(zhuang)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識上需(xu)符(fu)合農(nong)(nong)業部《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品包(bao)裝(zhuang)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識管理辦法》,進入(ru)市場的必須(xu)遵守《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全法》及(ji)其它法律法規的有(you)關規定(ding)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應符(fu)合GB11680和(he)GB89687的規定(ding),包(bao)裝(zhuang)物使用(yong)(yong)無毒油(you)墨印刷(shua),銷售和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)物應標(biao)(biao)(biao)注“廣(guang)靈畫眉(mei)驢(lv)(lv)”標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)品名稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)地、包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單位、保(bao)質(zhi)期、產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)、執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)代(dai)號等(deng)級等(deng)內容。
五.特定生產(chan)方式(shi)
1.產(chan)地(di)(di)選擇(ze)與(yu)特殊內容規(gui)定:產(chan)地(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu):全縣所(suo)有(you)飼(si)養畫眉驢的公司、場、合(he)作社(she)和小區(qu)場所(suo)的基(ji)地(di)(di)選擇(ze),應遠(yuan)離城(cheng)區(qu)、工業污染區(qu)和生活垃圾場的地(di)(di)方,所(suo)飼(si)養的畫眉驢90%以上(shang)海(hai)拔在(zai)1200—1800米之間。環(huan)境質量(liang):要(yao)選擇(ze)空氣清新、水質純(chun)凈,具有(you)良好生態環(huan)境的地(di)(di)區(qu)。
2.品種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特定要求:幼駒選擇(ze)主要是眼圈(quan)、嘴頭、內耳(er)、前胸、肚底均(jun)為(wei)白色,被毛為(wei)黑色,齒(chi)齊、口方、軀干長的留(liu)為(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),橫(heng)雜毛色的作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。特定要求:三春公種(zhong)驢(lv)體高(gao)1.30米(mi)以(yi)上作(zuo)為(wei)種(zhong)用(yong),1.30米(mi)以(yi)下基本上作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong),母(mu)驢(lv)體高(gao)1.2米(mi)以(yi)上留(liu)作(zuo)種(zhong)用(yong)繁殖,1.2米(mi)以(yi)下及橫(heng)雜毛色的作(zuo)為(wei)肉用(yong)。
3.生(sheng)長(chang)過程管理:從配種、胚胎到幼駒,生(sheng)長(chang)為成(cheng)驢(三春(chun)),完(wan)成(cheng)它的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發育期,按(an)照(zhao)生(sheng)長(chang)發育的(de)優劣,留為種用或(huo)肉用規律,一般分(fen)為6個(ge)時期。
(1)胚胎(tai)(tai)期:母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)懷(huai)胎(tai)(tai)360多天(tian)才能產(chan)駒,要加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)護理(li),增加(jia)(jia)營養。養好妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)(mu)驢(lv),保證胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)正常(chang)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)。由(you)(you)于先天(tian)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)的良好,才能為(wei)生(sheng)后(hou)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)奠定基礎,胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)的營養由(you)(you)母(mu)(mu)體獲(huo)得。因(yin)此,必須(xu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)的飼(si)養,特別是(shi)妊(ren)娠(shen)最后(hou)2—3個月。所以養好妊(ren)娠(shen)母(mu)(mu)驢(lv)對胎(tai)(tai)兒(er)及生(sheng)后(hou)的良好發(fa)育(yu)(yu)都有著雙重(zhong)的意義。
(2)幼(you)駒(ju)(ju)期(qi):幼(you)駒(ju)(ju)出生(sheng)后(hou)在兩小時(shi)內應盡早吃好初乳,產后(hou)3天以(yi)內的(de)(de)初乳營(ying)養豐富(fu),含(han)有抗體和(he)較多無機鹽(yan)類,可增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)驢駒(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)免(mian)疫力和(he)胎糞的(de)(de)排出。在吃飽營(ying)養豐富(fu)的(de)(de)母乳的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上,從1-2月齡(ling)時(shi)開始喂精料,每天150—200克(ke)(ke),兩個月后(hou)逐步增(zeng)(zeng)加到0.5千克(ke)(ke),斷(duan)奶時(shi)達到0.75—1千克(ke)(ke),1—6月齡(ling)以(yi)內,幼(you)駒(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)強(qiang)度(du),體長(chang)、胸圍的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)值都超過20厘米,為生(sheng)后(hou)生(sheng)長(chang)強(qiang)度(du)最快時(shi)期(qi)。另外,還要補充食鹽(yan)、骨粉10—15克(ke)(ke),飼(si)草任其采食。
(3)兩歲期(qi):兩歲驢駒體長(chang)相對生長(chang)發育速度加快,體長(chang)可占成(cheng)年的(de)93.7%,此時體高和管(guan)圍(wei)分別占成(cheng)年驢的(de)96%和97%,只有胸圍(wei)占成(cheng)年的(de)89%。精料(豆類、玉米、麩(fu)皮、麻參、骨(gu)粉(fen))每日可喂3—4公(gong)斤(jin)左右。
(4)3歲(sui)(sui)期(qi):3歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)(shi)驢(lv)(lv)的(de)胸(xiong)圍(wei)生長(chang)速度增快,胸(xiong)圍(wei)占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)的(de)94.8%,而這時(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)高、體(ti)(ti)長(chang)和管圍(wei)分別占(zhan)成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)的(de)99.3%,99%和98.5%。3歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)(shi)驢(lv)(lv)的(de)體(ti)(ti)尺接(jie)近成(cheng)年驢(lv)(lv)體(ti)(ti)尺,體(ti)(ti)格基(ji)(ji)本(ben)定型(xing),胸(xiong)圍(wei)和體(ti)(ti)重以后有小的(de)增長(chang),性機(ji)能已(yi)完全(quan)成(cheng)熟(shu),可以投入配種繁殖(zhi)。精(jing)料與兩歲(sui)(sui)駒基(ji)(ji)本(ben)相同,每(mei)頭(tou)母驢(lv)(lv)在飼(si)養、管理(li)好(hao)的(de)情況下(xia),應產駒10—16頭(tou)。
(5)產品(pin)屠宰(zai)及(ji)產后(hou)處理規定(ding):育(yu)肥(fei)驢屠宰(zai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在四歲(sui)(sui)至(zhi)十五(wu)歲(sui)(sui)之間,通過短期(qi)育(yu)肥(fei),屠宰(zai)后(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)胴體(ti)修整、劈(pi)半、水沖、檢驗(yan)和加(jia)蓋(gai)衛生檢疫章等工(gong)序,要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)冷凍。冷凍溫度(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在-5℃以(yi)下。3.6生產記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求:為(wei)達(da)到色、香、味美。廣靈畫眉驢屠宰(zai)、加(jia)工(gong)企業、公司、小區(qu)、合作社組(zu)織(zhi)和養(yang)殖戶,應(ying)(ying)(ying)當按照(zhao)《農產品(pin)質量(liang)安全法》的(de)(de)要(yao)求,建立喂養(yang)記(ji)錄(lu)和防病(bing)治病(bing)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu),記(ji)載(zai)近期(qi)投入品(pin)的(de)(de)名稱、來(lai)源(yuan);疾病(bing)最后(hou)的(de)(de)治療(liao)時(shi)間,停(ting)藥的(de)(de)最后(hou)時(shi)期(qi)。記(ji)錄(lu)保存二年。