一.產品介紹
建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)分布(bu)于建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)縣境(jing)內的(de)(de)茅田鄉、龍坪鄉、高(gao)坪鎮、花(hua)坪鎮、官店鎮等10個(ge)鄉鎮,是我縣地道藥材(cai)之一,區(qu)域面(mian)(mian)積26.6572萬公頃。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)產(chan)量高(gao),樹(shu)皮(pi)較(jiao)其它品(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)達(da)7mm,質堅硬,易折斷,斷面(mian)(mian)玻璃狀(zhuang),含(han)纖(xian)維(wei)少(shao)。氣芬(fen)香(xiang),味(wei)辛辣,樹(shu)齡25年(nian)(nian)以上的(de)(de)樹(shu)皮(pi)達(da)5-7mm,筒圍在18-25cm。外表面(mian)(mian)深(shen)褐色(se)(se),粗糙,有(you)(you)油(you)(you)性,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)可(ke)見多數紫(zi)紅色(se)(se)小亮星,有(you)(you)時呈(cheng)鱗(lin)片(pian)狀(zhuang),較(jiao)易剝(bo)落,有(you)(you)明顯橢(tuo)圓形皮(pi)孔和縱(zong)皺紋,刮去(qu)粗皮(pi)者顯黃(huang)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)。內表面(mian)(mian)皮(pi)為(wei)棕(zong)(zong)褐色(se)(se)或棕(zong)(zong)色(se)(se),較(jiao)平滑,具細密縱(zong)紋,劃(hua)之顯油(you)(you)痕。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)、花(hua)、葉皆(jie)可(ke)入藥,相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)和紫(zi)油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)藥用更(geng)廣(guang),并主要用于保(bao)健(jian)及醫藥領域。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),油(you)(you)性含(han)量高(gao),酚類(lei)含(han)量大。相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)和紫(zi)油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)纖(xian)維(wei)含(han)量少(shao),強度(du)弱(ruo),酚含(han)量更(geng)高(gao),為(wei)著名中藥,有(you)(you)化濕導滯、化食(shi)消痰、驅風鎮痛之效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)葉大蔭濃,味(wei)芬(fen)香(xiang),長可(ke)達(da)25-30cm,寬可(ke)達(da)10-15cm,可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)傳統食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝用,包(bao)裝食(shi)品(pin)不粘連,并有(you)(you)防腐、保(bao)健(jian)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。現被當地經營大戶通過初級(ji)加工(gong)后出口到韓國、日本,作(zuo)環保(bao)食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝原料。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)屬于地道中藥材(cai),且歷史(shi)悠久,分布(bu)廣(guang)泛,明正德七年(nian)(nian)(1512)《夔州府志(zhi)》建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)卷已有(you)(you)記載,并于2011年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)功注(zhu)冊“建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)”商標。近十年(nian)(nian)來建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)縣通過退(tui)耕還(huan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)、天保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)人工(gong)造林(lin)(lin)、退(tui)耕還(huan)林(lin)(lin)后續產(chan)業建(jian)設等林(lin)(lin)業重(zhong)點工(gong)程(cheng),在建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)縣營造了(le)(le)5萬畝建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)基地。已經形成(cheng)了(le)(le)與安徽的(de)(de)亳州藥市、河北(bei)的(de)(de)安國藥市、廣(guang)西(xi)的(de)(de)玉(yu)林(lin)(lin)藥市、廣(guang)州的(de)(de)清平藥市等銷(xiao)售(shou)網絡,年(nian)(nian)銷(xiao)售(shou)建(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)1000噸,產(chan)值1600萬元,出口創匯(hui)320萬元。
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:建始縣(xian)境內硒(xi)(xi)(xi)資源出露面積近480平方公里,是國(guo)內連片面積最(zui)大(da)、平均硒(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)平含量最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)物圈,土壤(rang)(rang)平均硒(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)平含量17.7ppm,有(you)“富(fu)(fu)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)王國(guo)”之稱;產區年(nian)平均溫度16—20℃,年(nian)降雨量800—1800毫米,相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度70—90%;我縣(xian)高(gao)山(shan)、二(er)高(gao)山(shan)地(di)區土壤(rang)(rang)均為山(shan)地(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、黃棕壤(rang)(rang),屬(shu)于相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度大(da)、霧,陽光充足的(de)(de)山(shan)地(di),并且(qie)土壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)沃(wo)、含腐殖質多、濕(shi)(shi)潤、疏松、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)良好,土壤(rang)(rang)屬(shu)于酸性、微酸性和(he)中性,其生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境優越,土壤(rang)(rang)、農(nong)用灌溉水(shui)(shui)和(he)空氣(qi)質量好,無工業“三廢”污染,從(cong)而形成了建始厚樸獨(du)特的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)境和(he)品質。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:境內共有(you)(you)大小河(he)(he)(he)流104條(tiao),總長(chang)853.65公里。其中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要河(he)(he)(he)流有(you)(you)清江景陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)段、野三河(he)(he)(he)、馬水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、太陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)、東(dong)龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)、閘木水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、刀龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)、伍家河(he)(he)(he)、豬耳河(he)(he)(he)等10條(tiao),其中(zhong)(zhong)流域面(mian)積在(zai)100平方公里以上的河(he)(he)(he)流有(you)(you)5條(tiao)。全縣共建(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫兩座,小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫5座,小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫8座,堰塘1334口,人畜(chu)飲水(shui)(shui)池5183口,蓄水(shui)(shui)9500立方米(mi),修建(jian)渠(qu)道281條(tiao),長(chang)354.6公里,灌溉(gai)農田4萬畝。水(shui)(shui)源充足,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好(hao),無工業排(pai)水(shui)(shui)污染,有(you)(you)利于(yu)厚樸生長(chang)發育。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang):建始縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)季風(feng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤型(xing)山(shan)地(di)(di)氣(qi)候,夏(xia)季多(duo)偏南風(feng),冬季多(duo)偏北風(feng),雨(yu)量充沛,雨(yu)熱(re)同季,立體氣(qi)候特征十分(fen)(fen)(fen)顯著。低山(shan)區四季分(fen)(fen)(fen)明,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)暖,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)260天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.5℃;二(er)(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai),氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)涼,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)233天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)冬長夏(xia)短,春、秋(qiu)無(wu)明顯區別,氣(qi)候冷(leng)涼濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潤,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)203天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.7℃。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)隨海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)增高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)呈拋物線形(xing),低山(shan)多(duo),二(er)(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)少(shao),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)又多(duo)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數,只占可照時(shi)數(日(ri)照百(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)率)的30%左(zuo)右(you),低山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)1400小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天3.8小時(shi);二(er)(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)1300小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天3.6小時(shi);高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)1500小時(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天4.1小時(shi)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量1400至(zhi)2000毫(hao)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you),隨地(di)(di)域、時(shi)間變化而異(yi)。以地(di)(di)域分(fen)(fen)(fen):縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)北部年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為1400至(zhi)2000毫(hao)米(mi),各月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)均(jun)(jun)在15天左(zuo)右(you);縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)隨海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)和季節變化各異(yi),相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)基(ji)本上隨著海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)的升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而增加(jia),低山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)為80%,二(er)(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)為82%,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)為85%。
三.地域范圍
建始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)隸屬湖北省恩施土家(jia)族、苗族自治州,位于(yu)鄂西南(nan)山區北部,跨北緯30°06′至30°54′,東(dong)經109°32′至110°12′,東(dong)連巴東(dong)縣(xian)(xian),以野三河(he)(he)為(wei)界;西接恩施市(shi),以太(tai)陽河(he)(he)為(wei)界;南(nan)鄰鶴峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian),以長河(he)(he)、茶寮河(he)(he)為(wei)界;北與(yu)重(zhong)慶市(shi)巫山縣(xian)(xian)毗連;西北與(yu)重(zhong)慶市(shi)奉節、巫山兩縣(xian)(xian)接壤,建始(shi)厚樸主(zhu)要分布于(yu)建始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)境內的茅(mao)田鄉(xiang)、龍坪鄉(xiang)、高(gao)坪鎮、花坪鎮、官店(dian)鎮等10個鄉(xiang)鎮,是我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)地道藥材之一,區域面積26.6572萬(wan)(wan)公頃。建始(shi)厚樸種植面積達5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),基(ji)地面積近1萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產量(liang)近3000噸。