龍(long)峰茶(cha)產(chan)于湖北(bei)省竹溪縣。竹溪縣地(di)處鄂、渝、陜交匯處,地(di)處秦(qin)嶺南麓(lu)、大巴山脈東(dong)段北(bei)坡(po),該縣從20世紀50年代初(chu)開始將(jiang)傳統茶(cha)的(de)種植(zhi)與加(jia)(jia)工(gong)和現代先進種植(zhi)與加(jia)(jia)工(gong)技術相結合(he),開發出了(le)龍(long)峰茶(cha)。因該產(chan)品(pin)核心產(chan)區位于龍(long)王(wang)埡,山峰霧騰(teng)如龍(long),相傳是龍(long)王(wang)藏身之地(di),此地(di)產(chan)的(de)茶(cha)葉鋒(feng)苗(miao)挺拔,沏泡后形如百龍(long)競游(you),故(gu)名(ming)為龍(long)峰茶(cha)。龍(long)峰茶(cha)外型緊細顯毫(hao),色(se)澤嫩綠光潤(run),整碎勻整,凈度(du)無嫩莖(jing)。2006年11月,國家質檢(jian)總局批準對龍(long)峰茶(cha)實施地(di)理(li)標志產(chan)品(pin)保護。
生產歷史
竹溪縣(xian)地(di)處鄂、渝、陜交(jiao)匯處,地(di)處秦嶺南麓(lu)、大巴(ba)(ba)(ba)山(shan)脈東段(duan)北(bei)坡。是(shi)連接(jie)華中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)與西(xi)(xi)南、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)重要通道(dao)。秦巴(ba)(ba)(ba)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)樹原產地(di),巴(ba)(ba)(ba)蜀是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)業的(de)(de)搖籃。特殊的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)位(wei)置使竹溪古為(wei)茶(cha)(cha)人通賈之要道(dao),是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)化(hua)由巴(ba)(ba)(ba)蜀向全(quan)國(guo)(guo)傳播的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)轉站。今為(wei)秦巴(ba)(ba)(ba)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)最(zui)大的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)葉集散地(di),成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)南、西(xi)(xi)南、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)茶(cha)(cha)葉主要產地(di)。竹溪遠古曾以茶(cha)(cha)納貢。竹溪是(shi)唐代陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)經》"山(shan)南"茶(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域之一(yi)。竹溪茶(cha)(cha)在《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各茶(cha)(cha)原產地(di)茶(cha)(cha)品目錄》中(zhong)(zhong)榜上有(you)(you)(you)名。被國(guo)(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)關部門授(shou)予"中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)葉之鄉","中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)機茶(cha)(cha)之鄉"的(de)(de)稱號。
生產情況
竹溪縣(xian)(xian)共有(you)13個鄉(xiang)鎮,9個農林場(chang),5萬(wan)農戶,8.5萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)種(zhong)植(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie);有(you)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)種(zhong)植(zhi)加(jia)工企(qi)業162家,加(jia)工設備1000臺(套),從事(shi)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)工的人(ren)(ren)員816人(ren)(ren),年(nian)加(jia)工能力2500噸;經銷企(qi)業139家,其中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)105家,縣(xian)(xian)外(wai)省(sheng)外(wai)34家,經銷人(ren)(ren)員500人(ren)(ren)。2005年(nian)底全縣(xian)(xian)1萬(wan)公(gong)頃茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)已(yi)實(shi)現茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)產量125萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin),實(shi)現綜合收入(ru)(ru)1.2億元。龍(long)峰茶(cha)(cha)系列產品在國(guo)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)南、西(xi)南、東南茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)市場(chang)占有(you)相當份(fen)額,同時(shi),"龍(long)峰茶(cha)(cha)"已(yi)步入(ru)(ru)亞洲及(ji)歐盟市場(chang)。湖(hu)北省(sheng)政府將(jiang)竹溪納入(ru)(ru)秦巴山名優綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)產業區,確立(li)為茶(cha)(cha)樹良種(zhong)繁育場(chang)和繁殖基地、無公(gong)害茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)出(chu)口(kou)基地、名優綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)出(chu)口(kou)基地。
產地環境
竹溪(xi)茶(cha)區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu),月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照百分(fen)率25%-48%月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2.4℃-25.5℃0cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.8℃-29.6℃,5cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.9℃-28℃,10cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.2℃-27.5℃,15cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.7℃-27.5℃,20cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5.1℃-27.0℃月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量8.1mm-180.8mm,全年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量945.3mm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)73%-87%竹溪(xi)茶(cha)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象因子的垂直變化較(jiao)為明(ming)顯,隨海(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)(du)的增加(jia),光照強度(du)(du)減(jian)弱,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和地(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)增加(jia),有利于茶(cha)葉品(pin)(pin)質的形(xing)成(cheng)海(hai)拔900m處的龍峰茶(cha),營養元素、生化成(cheng)分(fen)、香氣(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)質的含量以(yi)及感官品(pin)(pin)質得分(fen)都比較(jiao)高(gao),品(pin)(pin)質優異這與(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)相對(dui)較(jiao)低(di)、晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,光照強度(du)(du)適(shi)中,云(yun)霧(wu)較(jiao)多,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濕度(du)(du)大有關(guan)。
竹溪茶區土(tu)壤(rang)的pH在(zai)(zai)4.5-6.5之(zhi)間,都(dou)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)適宜茶樹生(sheng)長的水(shui)平土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含(han)量(liang)6.24gkg-36.44gkg除青(qing)草坪較低(di)外,其它茶場都(dou)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)較高水(shui)平土(tu)壤(rang)中三(san)要素含(han)量(liang)氮0.39gkg-2.37gkg磷(lin)0.23gkg-0.66gkg鉀9.56gkg-22.26gkg普遍偏低(di),土(tu)壤(rang)容(rong)重1.24gcm3-1.7gcm3普遍偏高。