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一.產品介紹

會東黑(hei)山(shan)羊屬于建(jian)昌黑(hei)山(shan)羊，是在(zai)四川省會東縣行(xing)政區域內(nei)通過多(duo)年的(de)本(ben)品種(zhong)選育，并(bing)引進金堂黑(hei)山(shan)羊血(xue)緣(yuan)雜(za)交培(pei)育而成的(de)體高(gao)、體重、繁殖率、產(chan)(chan)肉性(xing)(xing)能優于其它產(chan)(chan)區建(jian)昌黑(hei)山(shan)羊的(de)優秀類群，以(yi)被(bei)毛黑(hei)色，善于爬山(shan)采食(shi)，耐粗放飼養(yang)(yang)，遺傳性(xing)(xing)能穩定，板皮質量好，肉質細嫩(nen)、營養(yang)(yang)豐(feng)富、膻(shan)味輕、抗病(bing)力和適應性(xing)(xing)強為特色。

二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

1、地(di)貌情況:會東黑山(shan)羊(yang)產區地(di)屬(shu)于(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)西南高(gao)中(zhong)山(shan)深切割(ge)剝蝕(shi)地(di) ，地(di)處川(chuan)(chuan)滇(dian)地(di)軸中(zhong)段，境(jing)(jing)內地(di)質結構復(fu)雜，以(yi)(yi)山(shan)地(di)地(di)貌為(wei)(wei)主，呈(cheng)現山(shan)間(jian)有(you)(you)谷(gu)(gu)，谷(gu)(gu)中(zhong)有(you)(you)地(di)；山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)壩(ba)，壩(ba)內有(you)(you)丘(qiu)；山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)原(yuan)，原(yuan)上(shang)有(you)(you)山(shan)。最低海拔(ba)640米(mi)(mi)(mi)，最高(gao)海拔(ba)3331米(mi)(mi)(mi)，有(you)(you)一山(shan)分四季(ji)，十里不同(tong)天的立(li)體氣候(hou)環境(jing)(jing)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和非地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)分布的復(fu)區。1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下多為(wei)(wei)亞沙土(tu)與沙質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)，1000——1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)地(di)帶(dai)多為(wei)(wei)燥(zao)紅土(tu)，1500——2300米(mi)(mi)(mi)地(di)帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)紅黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)，2300——3000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)。非地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)紫色土(tu)和石灰土(tu)。 

2、水文情(qing)況(kuang)：會(hui)東境(jing)內有(you)(you)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)河、參魚河與魯南(nan)山(shan)、大(da)(da)黑山(shan)、魯昆山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)平行相間(jian)，金沙江(jiang)由西向東至新田轉(zhuan)北流(liu)至大(da)(da)崇(chong)莫家壩(ba)進入寧南(nan)縣境(jing)內；地下水豐富，約有(you)(you)2.847億(yi)立方，占境(jing)內水資源(yuan)的15％。水質(zhi)清澈、純(chun)凈，是理想的工農業生產(chan)生活用水。會(hui)東黑山(shan)羊產(chan)區內無“三廢”污染源(yuan)。 

3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況：會(hui)東緯度偏南，于北緯26°之中(zhong)，屬于亞熱帶氣候(hou)，由于海(hai)拔懸殊，相對高差(cha)大，形成(cheng)立體氣候(hou)。年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)16.2℃，≥00C積溫(wen)51170C，日照2300小時，年平(ping)均降(jiang)雨量(liang)1058毫米，全年有(you)霜日46天，相對濕度65﹪。適宜會(hui)東黑山羊的(de)生長發(fa)育(yu)。

三.地域范圍

會東(dong)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊是建昌黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊的優(you)良類群，以體(ti)格大、肉質(zhi)好著(zhu)稱。主產區(qu)包括會東(dong)縣(xian)53個鄉鎮(zhen)，318個行政(zheng)村，產區(qu)版圖面積3227平方(fang)公里，地理(li)坐(zuo)標為北(bei)緯26°12ˊ14〞——26°55ˊ42〞，東(dong)經102°21ˊ32〞——103°3′15″。東(dong)南臨金(jin)沙江，西與(yu)會理(li)毗(pi)鄰，北(bei)同寧南縣(xian)接壤。全縣(xian)草場面積為257萬(wan)畝，人口40.14萬(wan)。2009年黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊年存(cun)欄84.49萬(wan)只，年出欄黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊60萬(wan)只以上。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外貌特征：被毛(mao)黑(hei)色(se)(se)，富(fu)有(you)光澤(ze)，允許嘴唇上沿、耳根、尾根三處有(you)白色(se)(se)斑(ban)點(dian)。短毛(mao)居多，皮膚(fu)白色(se)(se)。體(ti)格中等，體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)實。公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)態(tai)雄(xiong)壯，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)態(tai)清(qing)秀。頭呈三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)、額寬微突，鼻梁平直(zhi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)較粗大，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)較小(xiao)，微向后、上、外方向扭轉(zhuan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)下頜有(you)髯，少數羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)頸(jing)下有(you)肉垂(chui)。背腰(yao)平直(zhi)，耆甲部高于十字部。四肢粗壯，蹄質(zhi)(zhi)堅實呈黑(hei)色(se)(se)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)睪丸(wan)大小(xiao)勻稱，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)乳房發育(yu)良好(hao)。成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)41.51±4.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，周(zhou)歲公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)30.82±3.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，成年母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)39.37±3.74公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、周(zhou)歲羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)27.44±3.95公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，羯羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重(zhong)55.52±5.37公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。成年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰率51.15﹪、凈(jing)肉率37.91﹪。 

2、繁(fan)殖性(xing)能：公羊(yang)7-8月(yue)齡、母羊(yang)4-5月(yue)齡性(xing)成熟。初配年齡母羊(yang)6-8月(yue)齡、公羊(yang)10-12月(yue)齡。發情周期(qi)20d，發情持續期(qi)48.75h，妊(ren)娠(shen)期(qi)149d，產羔率156.04﹪，羔羊(yang)成活率95﹪。公羔初生重2.27±0.71kg，母羔初生重2.12±0.65kg。 

3、內在品質特征：會東黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)膻味輕，保(bao)水能力(li)強(qiang)，肉(rou)質細嫩，味道(dao)鮮美。經檢(jian)測，氨(an)基酸(suan)總量(liang)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)17%，其中人(ren)體必須(xu)氨(an)基酸(suan)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)7%，占總量(liang)的42%以上。谷氨(an)酸(suan)、異亮氨(an)酸(suan)的含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)其他(ta)品種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)。 

4、感官及風味(wei)特色(se)：會東黑(hei)山羊(yang)肌肉呈紅色(se)，有(you)光澤(ze)，脂肪(fang)白色(se)或淡黃色(se)，肌纖維致密，有(you)韌(ren)性(xing)，富有(you)彈性(xing)，外表微干或有(you)風干膜(mo)，切(qie)面濕潤、不粘(zhan)手(shou)，具有(you)羊(yang)肉固(gu)有(you)的香(xiang)味(wei)，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)。煮沸后肉湯湯清透明，脂肪(fang)團(tuan)聚于表面，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)。 5、產(chan)品質量標(biao)準及安全要求：會東黑(hei)山羊(yang)執行涼山州(zhou)無(wu)公害肉羊(yang)生產(chan)技術規(gui)程DB5134／T27-2003。