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一.產品介紹

會東(dong)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊屬(shu)于建(jian)昌黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊，是在四川省會東(dong)縣行政區域內通過(guo)多年的本品種選育(yu)，并引進金堂黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊血緣雜(za)交(jiao)培育(yu)而成的體高、體重、繁殖率、產肉(rou)性(xing)能優于其它產區建(jian)昌黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊的優秀類群(qun)，以被毛黑(hei)(hei)色，善(shan)于爬山(shan)采食，耐粗(cu)放飼養，遺(yi)傳性(xing)能穩(wen)定，板皮質(zhi)量(liang)好，肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩、營養豐富、膻味輕、抗(kang)病力和(he)適應性(xing)強(qiang)為特色。

二.自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

1、地(di)(di)貌情況:會東黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊產區地(di)(di)屬(shu)于(yu)川西南高中山(shan)(shan)深(shen)切(qie)割剝蝕地(di)(di) ，地(di)(di)處川滇地(di)(di)軸(zhou)中段，境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)質結(jie)構復雜，以山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)貌為(wei)(wei)主，呈現山(shan)(shan)間有(you)谷(gu)，谷(gu)中有(you)地(di)(di)；山(shan)(shan)中有(you)壩，壩內(nei)有(you)丘；山(shan)(shan)中有(you)原，原上(shang)有(you)山(shan)(shan)。最低海(hai)拔(ba)640米(mi)，最高海(hai)拔(ba)3331米(mi)，有(you)一山(shan)(shan)分四季，十里不同(tong)天的立體氣候環境(jing)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和非地(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分布的復區。1000米(mi)以下多為(wei)(wei)亞沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)與沙(sha)質壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)，1000——1500米(mi)地(di)(di)帶(dai)多為(wei)(wei)燥紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)，1500——2300米(mi)地(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)，2300——3000米(mi)以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)。非地(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)和石灰土(tu)(tu)。 

2、水文情況：會東境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有大(da)橋河、參魚河與魯南山(shan)、大(da)黑山(shan)、魯昆(kun)山(shan)山(shan)脈平行相間(jian)，金沙(sha)江由西向東至(zhi)(zhi)新田轉北流至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)崇(chong)莫家壩進入寧南縣境(jing)內(nei)(nei)；地下水豐(feng)富，約有2.847億(yi)立方，占(zhan)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)水資源(yuan)的15％。水質(zhi)清(qing)澈(che)、純(chun)凈，是理想(xiang)的工農業(ye)生產生活用水。會東黑山(shan)羊產區(qu)內(nei)(nei)無(wu)“三廢”污(wu)染源(yuan)。 

3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況：會東(dong)緯度偏南，于北緯26°之中，屬于亞熱(re)帶氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，由于海拔懸殊，相對(dui)高差大，形成立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫16.2℃，≥00C積溫51170C，日照2300小時，年(nian)平均降雨量1058毫米，全年(nian)有霜日46天，相對(dui)濕度65﹪。適(shi)宜會東(dong)黑(hei)山羊的生(sheng)長發(fa)育。

三.地域范圍

會東(dong)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)是(shi)建昌黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)的優良(liang)類群，以體格大(da)、肉質好著稱。主產(chan)區(qu)包(bao)括會東(dong)縣53個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)，318個(ge)(ge)行政村，產(chan)區(qu)版圖(tu)面積(ji)3227平方(fang)公里，地理坐標為(wei)北(bei)緯26°12ˊ14〞——26°55ˊ42〞，東(dong)經102°21ˊ32〞——103°3′15″。東(dong)南臨(lin)金沙江，西與會理毗鄰，北(bei)同寧南縣接壤(rang)。全(quan)縣草場面積(ji)為(wei)257萬畝，人口40.14萬。2009年黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)年存欄84.49萬只(zhi)，年出欄黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)60萬只(zhi)以上。

四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性(xing)特征

1、外貌特(te)征：被毛黑色(se)，富有(you)光澤，允許嘴唇上(shang)沿(yan)、耳根(gen)(gen)、尾根(gen)(gen)三處(chu)有(you)白色(se)斑點(dian)。短毛居多，皮膚白色(se)。體(ti)(ti)(ti)格中等，體(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi)結(jie)實(shi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)態(tai)雄壯，母(mu)(mu)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)態(tai)清秀。頭呈三角(jiao)(jiao)形、額寬微(wei)突，鼻(bi)梁(liang)平直(zhi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊角(jiao)(jiao)較粗大，母(mu)(mu)羊角(jiao)(jiao)較小，微(wei)向(xiang)后(hou)、上(shang)、外方(fang)向(xiang)扭轉(zhuan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)羊下頜有(you)髯，少數羊頸下有(you)肉(rou)垂(chui)。背腰平直(zhi)，耆甲部高于十(shi)字部。四肢粗壯，蹄(ti)質(zhi)堅實(shi)呈黑色(se)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊睪丸大小勻稱(cheng)，母(mu)(mu)羊乳(ru)房發育良好。成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)重41.51±4.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，周(zhou)歲公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)重30.82±3.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，成年母(mu)(mu)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)重39.37±3.74公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤、周(zhou)歲羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)重27.44±3.95公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，羯(jie)羊體(ti)(ti)(ti)重55.52±5.37公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。成年羊屠宰率(lv)51.15﹪、凈肉(rou)率(lv)37.91﹪。 

2、繁殖性能：公(gong)羊(yang)7-8月齡(ling)、母羊(yang)4-5月齡(ling)性成熟(shu)。初配(pei)年齡(ling)母羊(yang)6-8月齡(ling)、公(gong)羊(yang)10-12月齡(ling)。發情周期(qi)(qi)20d，發情持續期(qi)(qi)48.75h，妊(ren)娠期(qi)(qi)149d，產羔(gao)(gao)率(lv)156.04﹪，羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)成活率(lv)95﹪。公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)初生重(zhong)2.27±0.71kg，母羔(gao)(gao)初生重(zhong)2.12±0.65kg。 

3、內在品質特(te)征：會(hui)東(dong)黑山羊(yang)羊(yang)肉膻味輕，保(bao)水能力強(qiang)，肉質細嫩，味道鮮美。經檢測(ce)，氨(an)(an)基酸總量高于17%，其中人體必須氨(an)(an)基酸高于7%，占總量的42%以(yi)上(shang)。谷氨(an)(an)酸、異亮氨(an)(an)酸的含量高于其他品種羊(yang)肉。 

4、感官及(ji)風味(wei)特色(se)(se)：會(hui)東黑山(shan)羊(yang)肌肉(rou)呈紅色(se)(se)，有(you)(you)(you)光澤，脂肪(fang)(fang)白色(se)(se)或(huo)淡黃色(se)(se)，肌纖維(wei)致密，有(you)(you)(you)韌(ren)性，富有(you)(you)(you)彈性，外表微干或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)風干膜(mo)，切(qie)面(mian)(mian)濕潤(run)、不粘手，具有(you)(you)(you)羊(yang)肉(rou)固有(you)(you)(you)的香味(wei)，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)。煮沸(fei)后肉(rou)湯(tang)湯(tang)清(qing)透(tou)明，脂肪(fang)(fang)團(tuan)聚于(yu)表面(mian)(mian)，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)。 5、產品質量(liang)標準(zhun)及(ji)安(an)全要求：會(hui)東黑山(shan)羊(yang)執行涼山(shan)州無(wu)公害肉(rou)羊(yang)生產技術規程(cheng)DB5134／T27-2003。