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產品介紹

甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歷(li)史悠久，是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)最(zui)古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)之一(yi)(yi)。據《甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)志》記(ji)載：“1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)巴(ba)塘(tang)（隸屬甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)）考古發(fa)現公元前2世紀黃河(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)海、甘(gan)(gan)肅文化(hua)(hua)色彩的(de)(de)(de)(de)古墓遺書(shu)，《隋(sui)書(shu)附國傳(chuan)》中(zhong)有(you)‘土(tu)宜小麥、青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載，甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)培育青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)文字記(ji)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史在(zai)(zai)1400年(nian)(nian)(nian)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。”青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)要(yao)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)之一(yi)(yi)，也是(shi)藏(zang)族人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)不可(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，其(qi)分(fen)布緯(wei)度和(he)海拔(ba)上(shang)(shang)(shang)限都較其(qi)他糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)高，播種(zhong)(zhong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)歷(li)居州(zhou)(zhou)糧(liang)作(zuo)(zuo)首位。甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)伴隨著甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酒文化(hua)(hua)流(liu)傳(chuan)了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)(zai)甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)，人(ren)們(men)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)將甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)籽(zi)粒炒熟磨粉后(hou)制(zhi)成(cheng)糌粑食(shi)(shi)用(yong)，在(zai)(zai)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)高原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，烹食(shi)(shi)非常方便，也能夠(gou)很好地(di)(di)(di)滿足人(ren)體所需營養成(cheng)分(fen)，深(shen)受(shou)甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛。甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)籽(zi)粒也是(shi)優(you)(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精飼料(liao)，對育肥牲(sheng)畜有(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，其(qi)秸稈是(shi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼草(cao)，質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)柔和(he)，對高原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)牲(sheng)畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)越冬具有(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。同時(shi)，甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)營養豐富，是(shi)釀(niang)造工(gong)業(ye)和(he)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)，具有(you)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)條件和(he)生活(huo)必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重不可(ke)替代性。甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)現建(jian)有(you)全國唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)(di)(di)、全國第一(yi)(yi)個青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育基地(di)(di)(di)和(he)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育基地(di)(di)(di)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)”通過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部驗(yan)收，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)提供青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)20-30萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁育基地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)批準(zhun)立項(xiang)，該項(xiang)目已完(wan)成(cheng)各(ge)項(xiang)建(jian)設(she)內(nei)容，于2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)通過省農(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳驗(yan)收。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)按照區(qu)域化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)、標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，打造特種(zhong)(zhong)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)核心產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)，形成(cheng)了(le)(le)康(kang)北、康(kang)南優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶，集中(zhong)推廣康(kang)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)6號、7號等新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)覆蓋(gai)率達(da)到(dao)90%以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，測土(tu)配方施(shi)(shi)肥60萬(wan)(wan)畝次。通過落實(shi)各(ge)項(xiang)技術措施(shi)(shi)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單產(chan)(chan)(chan)從135公斤(jin)提高到(dao)180公斤(jin)，種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到(dao)45萬(wan)(wan)畝，總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)7.38萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，在(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)開(kai)發(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)自主(zhu)開(kai)發(fa)了(le)(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)系列酒，與四川大學合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)發(fa)了(le)(le)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)苗粉膠囊。甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)級黨(dang)委、政府(fu)高度重視青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，利用(yong)生態、資源、區(qu)位優(you)(you)勢，把(ba)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)為當地(di)(di)(di)特色效益農(nong)(nong)業(ye)支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)之一(yi)(yi)。到(dao)2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)，甘(gan)(gan)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)(ji)將達(da)到(dao)50萬(wan)(wan)畝，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)2.5億元，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市場發(fa)展空(kong)間廣闊，為民(min)族地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)經濟發(fa)展、社會穩定、民(min)族團結(jie)、改(gai)善(shan)農(nong)(nong)牧民(min)生活(huo)脫貧致富起到(dao)積(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史(shi)因素

甘孜(zi)青(qing)稞產區地處(chu)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)原東南(nan)(nan)緣，地勢北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)南(nan)(nan)低、中部突(tu)起(qi)，河(he)谷深(shen)切，山川(chuan)(chuan)平行相見，現(xian)代冰(bing)川(chuan)(chuan)發育。產區土壤(rang)屬青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)原高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒(han)地區的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山土壤(rang)群系，以褐土、棕壤(rang)為(wei)主(zhu)，pH值(zhi)5.0-7.5，自(zi)然肥力(li)水(shui)平較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，有機質含量(liang)(liang)豐富(fu)，速效養分低，熟(shu)化程度低，土層(ceng)薄，坡度大(da)，熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，適(shi)(shi)合青(qing)稞生(sheng)長。甘孜(zi)青(qing)稞是高(gao)(gao)(gao)原特殊氣(qi)候和種植(zhi)環境(jing)形成的(de)區域性作物(wu)，與(yu)其它禾谷類(lei)作物(wu)相比，具有更(geng)強(qiang)的(de)適(shi)(shi)應不(bu)(bu)良環境(jing)與(yu)抗逆生(sheng)存(cun)能力(li)。甘孜(zi)青(qing)稞產區大(da)陸性高(gao)(gao)(gao)原山地季(ji)風氣(qi)候明(ming)顯（從低到高(gao)(gao)(gao)跨(kua)越6個氣(qi)候帶），晝夜溫差大(da)，氣(qi)溫低，冬季(ji)漫長，四季(ji)不(bu)(bu)分明(ming)，無霜期短，降水(shui)較(jiao)少，干(gan)雨季(ji)分明(ming)，光照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)強(qiang)度大(da)，日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)豐富(fu)。冬半年(nian)寒(han)冷、干(gan)燥、降水(shui)稀(xi)少、多大(da)風，夏半年(nian)氣(qi)溫不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)且涼爽、降水(shui)集(ji)中、多夜雨和冰(bing)雹。產區地處(chu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原，太陽輻(fu)射強(qiang)，日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足(zu)，年(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時數1900-2600小時，日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)百分率45%-60%，年(nian)總輻(fu)射量(liang)(liang)5500-7000兆焦耳(er)/平方(fang)米(mi)，年(nian)平均降雨量(liang)(liang)320-920毫米(mi)，氣(qi)溫適(shi)(shi)宜，水(shui)熱(re)(re)季(ji)節與(yu)作物(wu)生(sheng)長同(tong)季(ji)，特別(bie)有利于甘孜(zi)青(qing)稞的(de)干(gan)物(wu)質積累。

地域范圍

甘孜青稞(ke)農產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)(di)域保護范(fan)圍包括四川省(sheng)甘孜藏(zang)族自(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)康(kang)定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道(dao)孚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐(lu)霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德(de)格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理(li)塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、得(de)榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)17個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東經97°22'-102°29'，北緯27°58'-34°20'，東與雅安市接壤，南(nan)與涼山彝族自(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)、云南(nan)省(sheng)毗鄰，西(xi)與西(xi)藏(zang)藏(zang)族自(zi)治(zhi)區交(jiao)界，北與阿壩藏(zang)族羌族自(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)、青海省(sheng)相連。保護面積50萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，年產量8.17萬(wan)(wan)噸。

品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特征：甘(gan)孜青稞根系較多；莖直立、空心，表面光滑，呈綠色(se)，成熟后黃色(se)；葉(xie)厚而(er)寬，葉(xie)色(se)較淡；種子大而(er)飽滿，籽粒裸露，與穎殼完全(quan)分離，有(you)橢圓形、菱形和錐(zhui)形等，顏色(se)多種多樣，有(you)黃色(se)、綠色(se)、褐色(se)、紫色(se)及黑色(se)等。

（2）內在品質指標：甘孜青(qing)稞總淀(dian)粉≥52g/100g，維生素E≥1.0mg/kg，遠高(gao)于平均含量，對促進人體健康(kang)發育有著積極作用。