產地環境
滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區,該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明(ming)麻”之(zhi)盛(sheng)名。滎(ying)經縣(xian)位于四川(chuan)盆地(di)與青藏高原過渡地(di)帶的盆周山區,森林覆蓋率(lv)高達67%,數十種樹木(櫟樹、化(hua)香樹、華木、野核桃(tao)、櫻桃(tao)樹、楓香樹)都可用于種植天麻,680-3666米的立體海拔(ba)氣候尤為獨(du)特。
滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)與滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷史齊(qi)名,從17世紀(清代)開始就遠(yuan)(yuan)銷省(sheng)(sheng)內外(wai)(wai)。20世紀50-80年(nian)前(qian)計(ji)劃(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟時(shi)期,滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)被列入國(guo)家(jia)省(sheng)(sheng)內外(wai)(wai)調(diao)撥(bo)計(ji)劃(hua)和外(wai)(wai)貿出(chu)(chu)口計(ji)劃(hua),并陳(chen)設(she)于灌縣(xian)都(dou)(dou)江堰旅(lv)游(you)商店、成都(dou)(dou)市(shi)德仁堂(tang)、北(bei)京大柵欄街德仁堂(tang)旅(lv)游(you)專(zhuan)(zhuan)柜銷售(shou);廣東省(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)會(hui)(hui)縣(xian)藥材(cai)公司(si)以(yi)及上海市(shi)藥材(cai)公司(si)等曾派專(zhuan)(zhuan)人不辭萬里(li)來滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)要(yao)求調(diao)供滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma),以(yi)供遠(yuan)(yuan)洋客輪和外(wai)(wai)賓需(xu)要(yao)。由于滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)供外(wai)(wai)貿出(chu)(chu)口,為國(guo)家(jia)贏得外(wai)(wai)匯收入,因而滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)曾連續(xu)兩年(nian)獲得四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)醫藥系統經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管理一(yi)等獎(jiang)(jiang);2002年(nian),滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)獲“中國(guo)西部博覽會(hui)(hui)名優(you)農產品獎(jiang)(jiang)”。
品質特征
滎經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)肥大堅(jian)實,橢圓(yuan)形(xing),略(lve)扁(bian),長3-9CM,寬1.5-6CM,厚0.5-2CM,頂端(duan)有(you)(you)紅粽色或(huo)紅色芽(ya)苞(bao),俗稱(cheng)鸚哥(ge)嘴。底端(duan)有(you)(you)圓(yuan)臍形(xing)的(de)(de)疤(ba)痕,表(biao)面黃白色至淡黃棕(zong)色,有(you)(you)縱(zong)皺紋(wen)及由(you)潛伏芽(ya)排列而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)橫環(huan)紋(wen)多(duo)輪,有(you)(you)時可見棕(zong)褐色菌索。質堅(jian)硬,斷(duan)面細(xi)(xi)密,角質樣(yang),呈(cheng)半透(tou)明。氣微,味甘。滎經(jing)民謠“鸚哥(ge)嘴,紅撻帽,荷苞(bao)形(xing),玉帶纏腰,細(xi)(xi)皮嫩肉(rou)半透(tou)明”形(xing)象概述了滎經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)的(de)(de)典(dian)型特征,并且滎經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)的(de)(de)主要藥用成(cheng)(cheng)分天(tian)麻(ma)素(su)也較(jiao)其(qi)他產區高。
生產情況
2007年(nian)(nian),滎經(jing)縣(xian)在新(xin)建(jian)等鄉建(jian)立120平方米天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)術示范(fan)點。2009年(nian)(nian),制訂(ding)了《滎經(jing)縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)扶持(chi)辦法》,明確規定(ding)了中(zhong)藥材扶持(chi)標(biao)準為:天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)成(cheng)片種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)在1畝以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)按每畝1萬元(yuan)給予補助(zhu)。政策性(xing)(xing)引(yin)領極大(da)地(di)(di)提高了農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)。堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)“相(xiang)(xiang)對集中(zhong)、合(he)(he)理(li)(li)布局(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,搞好生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)布局(ju)規劃,有計劃地(di)(di)在全縣(xian)范(fan)圍內建(jian)立一(yi)(yi)批有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di),逐(zhu)步(bu)實(shi)現(xian)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區域化(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)、集約(yue)化(hua)、特色(se)化(hua)。加強了技(ji)術服務。首先是要用野生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)來保證(zheng)質量。野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)基(ji)地(di)(di)均(jun)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長環境(jing)來選址,基(ji)本符合(he)(he)氣候、土壤、溫濕度(du)、水質等一(yi)(yi)系列要求(qiu)。其次(ci)是用技(ji)術保證(zheng)質量。積(ji)極探索天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)育(yu)種(zhong)、兩菌培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu),成(cheng)功(gong)突破(po)了天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術難關,掌握了一(yi)(yi)整套(tao)適合(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)、管(guan)理(li)(li)技(ji)術。通(tong)過(guo)開(kai)展(zhan)集中(zhong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)、深入現(xian)場指導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)45期(qi)、人員(yuan)8000余人次(ci),使多數(shu)群眾掌握了天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術。推廣(guang)了規模化(hua)經(jing)營(ying)。該縣(xian)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)適度(du)規模和(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)經(jing)營(ying)方向,經(jing)過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),到2010年(nian)(nian),全縣(xian)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達到420畝,產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達4158萬元(yuan)。到2011年(nian)(nian),7個(ge)連片20畝以上(shang)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)已全面(mian)建(jian)成(cheng),2011年(nian)(nian)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)建(jian)1個(ge)30畝以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)示范(fan)園,逐(zhu)步(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶。組建(jian)了滎經(jing)鑫(xin)泰天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)作社(she)、滎經(jing)“相(xiang)(xiang)嶺(ling)”天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)合(he)(he)作社(she)2個(ge)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)作社(she),推行“產(chan)(chan)、供、銷”一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈。做(zuo)好了種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎工作。自主研究密環菌、萌發(fa)菌和(he)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)交雜粉種(zhong)。建(jian)成(cheng)了粉種(zhong)43畝、1個(ge)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力在60萬瓶以上(shang),可供種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)近1000畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密環菌和(he)萌發(fa)菌場。實(shi)施(shi)品(pin)牌戰略。在2010年(nian)(nian)申請并(bing)批準為國家(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),2011年(nian)(nian)還申報(bao)注冊“相(xiang)(xiang)嶺(ling)牌”、“滎山牌”天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)商(shang)標(biao),”努力打(da)造特色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)牌。
地理標志
產地范圍
四川省滎經縣(xian)新建(jian)鄉(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)、新廟鄉(xiang)、泗坪鄉(xiang)、烈(lie)士鄉(xiang)、滎河鄉(xiang)、民建(jian)鄉(xiang)、花灘鎮、安靖鄉(xiang)、烈(lie)太鄉(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)、天(tian)風鄉(xiang)、寶峰鄉(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)、龍蒼溝鄉(xiang)、煙竹(zhu)鄉(xiang)、青龍鄉(xiang)、五憲鄉(xiang)、附城鄉(xiang)、嚴道(dao)鎮等21個鄉(xiang)鎮的所以行政(zheng)村(cun)。地理坐標為東經102°20′00″~102°56′00″,北緯29°29′00″~29°56′00″。