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產地環境

滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區，該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明麻”之盛名(ming)。滎經縣位(wei)于(yu)四川(chuan)盆地與青藏高原(yuan)過渡(du)地帶的盆周山區，森林覆蓋率高達67%，數十種(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)木（櫟樹(shu)(shu)、化香樹(shu)(shu)、華木、野核桃、櫻(ying)桃樹(shu)(shu)、楓香樹(shu)(shu)）都可用(yong)于(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)天麻，680-3666米的立體(ti)海拔氣候尤(you)為獨(du)特。

滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻與(yu)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)歷史齊名，從17世紀(ji)（清代）開始就遠銷(xiao)省(sheng)內(nei)外。20世紀(ji)50-80年前計劃經(jing)濟時期，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻被列(lie)入國家省(sheng)內(nei)外調(diao)撥計劃和(he)外貿出口計劃，并陳設于灌縣都(dou)(dou)江堰旅游(you)商店(dian)、成都(dou)(dou)市(shi)德仁(ren)堂、北京大柵欄街德仁(ren)堂旅游(you)專柜銷(xiao)售；廣東省(sheng)新會(hui)縣藥材公(gong)司以(yi)及上海市(shi)藥材公(gong)司等(deng)曾(ceng)派專人不辭萬(wan)里來滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣要求調(diao)供滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻，以(yi)供遠洋客輪和(he)外賓需要。由于滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻供外貿出口，為國家贏(ying)得外匯(hui)收入，因而(er)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣曾(ceng)連續兩年獲得四川省(sheng)醫藥系統(tong)經(jing)營管理一等(deng)獎；2002年，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻獲“中國西(xi)部博(bo)覽會(hui)名優農(nong)產品(pin)獎”。

品質特征

滎經天麻(ma)肥大堅實(shi)，橢圓形(xing)，略扁，長3-9CM，寬(kuan)1.5-6CM，厚0.5-2CM，頂端有(you)紅粽(zong)色(se)或紅色(se)芽苞(bao)，俗稱鸚哥(ge)嘴。底端有(you)圓臍形(xing)的(de)疤痕，表面(mian)黃(huang)白色(se)至(zhi)淡黃(huang)棕(zong)色(se)，有(you)縱皺紋及(ji)由潛(qian)伏芽排列而成的(de)橫環紋多輪，有(you)時可見棕(zong)褐色(se)菌(jun)索。質(zhi)堅硬(ying)，斷面(mian)細密，角質(zhi)樣，呈半透明。氣微，味甘(gan)。滎經民謠“鸚哥(ge)嘴，紅撻帽，荷(he)苞(bao)形(xing)，玉帶纏腰，細皮嫩肉半透明”形(xing)象概述了(le)滎經天麻(ma)的(de)典型特征，并(bing)且滎經天麻(ma)的(de)主要藥用成分天麻(ma)素也較其他產區高。

生產情況

2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)，滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)縣在新建等(deng)鄉建立120平方米(mi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)技(ji)術(shu)示(shi)范點(dian)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)，制訂了(le)(le)《滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)縣農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)扶(fu)持(chi)辦法(fa)》，明確規定(ding)了(le)(le)中(zhong)藥材扶(fu)持(chi)標準為：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)成(cheng)(cheng)片種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)在1畝(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，一次性(xing)(xing)按每畝(mu)(mu)1萬元(yuan)給予補助。政策性(xing)(xing)引領極大(da)地(di)(di)提高了(le)(le)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)植積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)。堅持(chi)“相(xiang)對集中(zhong)、合理布局(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)原則，搞好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)布局(ju)規劃，有計劃地(di)(di)在全(quan)縣范圍(wei)內建立一批有一定(ding)規模的(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)，逐步實現(xian)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)區域化(hua)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)、集約化(hua)、特色化(hua)。加強了(le)(le)技(ji)術(shu)服務。首先是(shi)要用野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)環境來保證質量。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育基(ji)地(di)(di)均嚴格(ge)按照野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境來選址，基(ji)本符合氣候、土壤、溫濕度、水(shui)質等(deng)一系列(lie)要求(qiu)。其次是(shi)用技(ji)術(shu)保證質量。積(ji)極探索天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)育種(zhong)(zhong)、兩(liang)菌培(pei)(pei)育，成(cheng)(cheng)功突破了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)難(nan)關，掌握了(le)(le)一整套適合當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)、管理技(ji)術(shu)。通過開展(zhan)集中(zhong)培(pei)(pei)訓、深入現(xian)場指導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)方式培(pei)(pei)訓45期、人員8000余(yu)人次，使(shi)多數群眾掌握了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術(shu)。推廣了(le)(le)規模化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)。該(gai)縣堅持(chi)適度規模和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)方向，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，到2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)縣仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)達(da)到420畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)(chan)值達(da)4158萬元(yuan)。到2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)，7個連片20畝(mu)(mu)以上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)已全(quan)面建成(cheng)(cheng)，2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)建1個30畝(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標準化(hua)示(shi)范園，逐步形成(cheng)(cheng)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育產(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶。組建了(le)(le)滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)鑫泰(tai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)合作社(she)、滎經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)“相(xiang)嶺”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)合作社(she)2個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)合作社(she)，推行“產(chan)(chan)、供、銷(xiao)”一體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈。做(zuo)好了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)礎(chu)工作。自主(zhu)研究密(mi)(mi)環菌、萌(meng)發菌和天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)交(jiao)雜(za)粉種(zhong)(zhong)。建成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)粉種(zhong)(zhong)43畝(mu)(mu)、1個年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力在60萬瓶以上(shang)，可供種(zhong)(zhong)植天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)近1000畝(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)環菌和萌(meng)發菌場。實施品牌(pai)戰略(lve)。在2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)申請并批準為國家地(di)(di)理標志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)還申報注冊“相(xiang)嶺牌(pai)”、“滎山牌(pai)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)商標，”努力打造特色農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品品牌(pai)。

地理標志

產地范圍

四川(chuan)省滎(ying)經縣新建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈(lie)士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎(ying)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花灘鎮、安(an)靖(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈(lie)太鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍(long)蒼(cang)溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青龍(long)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道鎮等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的(de)所以行政村(cun)。地理坐標為東(dong)經102°20′00″～102°56′00″，北緯29°29′00″～29°56′00″。