遼寧(ning)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊原產(chan)于遼寧(ning)省東南部山(shan)區(qu)(qu)步(bu)云山(shan)周圍各市(shi)縣,屬(shu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼用型品(pin)種,是中(zhong)國絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊品(pin)種中(zhong)產(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)最高的(de)優良品(pin)種。該品(pin)種具有產(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)高,絨(rong)(rong)(rong)纖維長(chang),粗細度適中(zhong),體形壯大(da),適應性(xing)強,遺傳性(xing)能(neng)穩定、改良低產(chan)山(shan)羊效果顯著等特點,其(qi)產(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)居全(quan)國之首(shou),被(bei)譽為"國寶",是中(zhong)國重點畜禽遺傳保護資源。主要(yao)分布在蓋州及其(qi)相鄰(lin)的(de)岫巖、遼陽、本溪、鳳城(cheng)、寬(kuan)甸、莊(zhuang)河、瓦房(fang)店等地區(qu)(qu)。遼寧(ning)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊種用價值(zhi)極高,尤其(qi)對(dui)內(nei)蒙絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊新品(pin)系的(de)形成貢獻卓著。屬(shu)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼用型品(pin)種。
簡單介紹
原產于遼(liao)寧省遼(liao)東半島東南部的蓋縣、復縣、岫巖和莊河等地(di);陜西、甘肅(su)、新疆和內蒙古等省(自治區)曾引進本品種改(gai)良當地(di)土種山(shan)羊獲得初步成效。
遼寧(ning)絨山(shan)羊(yang)原產(chan)于遼寧(ning)省(sheng)東南部山(shan)區步云山(shan)周圍(wei)各(ge)(ge)市縣(xian),屬絨肉兼用(yong)型品種,因產(chan)絨量高,適應(ying)性強,遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)穩(wen)定、改良各(ge)(ge)地土種山(shan)羊(yang)效果顯著而在國(guo)內外享有盛譽。
基本分布
現主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在蓋(gai)州及其相(xiang)鄰的岫(xiu)巖、遼陽(yang)、本溪、鳳城、寬(kuan)甸(dian)、莊河、瓦房店等地區。
外形特征
遼寧絨(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)公(gong)、母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)均有角(jiao)(jiao),有髯(ran),公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)發達,向兩側平直(zhi)伸(shen)展,母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)向后上方。額頂有自然彎曲并帶(dai)絲(si)光(guang)的綹毛(mao)(mao)。體軀結(jie)構勻稱,體質(zhi)結(jie)實。頸(jing)部寬厚(hou),頸(jing)肩結(jie)合良好(hao),背平直(zhi),后軀發達,呈倒三角(jiao)(jiao)形狀。四肢(zhi)較短(duan),蹄質(zhi)結(jie)實,短(duan)瘦尾,尾尖上翹。被毛(mao)(mao)為全(quan)白色,外層為粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao),且(qie)有絲(si)光(guang)光(guang)澤,內層為絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)。
社會評價
遼(liao)寧絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊種用價值極高,尤(you)其對(dui)內蒙絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊新品系的形(xing)成(cheng),做出了杰出的貢(gong)獻。遼(liao)寧絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊在改良和(he)提高我國(guo)各省區絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊品質方面,起著至關重要的作用,社會效(xiao)益和(he)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益巨大。
品種描述
公羊角粗(cu)(cu)大(da),向(xiang)兩側(ce)平(ping)直伸展;母(mu)羊角較細,向(xiang)后上(shang)方伸開(kai)。額部均有(you)卷毛(mao),頜下有(you)髯,頸部寬厚,背腰平(ping)直,后軀發(fa)達,四肢堅實,結(jie)構(gou)勻(yun)稱。成年公羊體重68~82千克(ke);母(mu)羊40~75千克(ke)。成熟較晚,5月(yue)齡左(zuo)右發(fa)情,配種適齡宜在18月(yue)齡左(zuo)右,產(chan)區多于11月(yue)配種,翌(yi)年3~4月(yue)份產(chan)羔。成年公羊絨(rong)毛(mao)產(chan)量(liang)平(ping)均736克(ke),高(gao)的(de)可(ke)達1375克(ke);粗(cu)(cu)毛(mao)650克(ke)。母(mu)羊絨(rong)毛(mao)產(chan)量(liang)平(ping)均575克(ke),高(gao)的(de)可(ke)達1025克(ke);粗(cu)(cu)毛(mao)525克(ke)。絨(rong)毛(mao)平(ping)均細度(du)80支(zhi)(折合16.4微米),凈絨(rong)率75%以(yi)上(shang)。產(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)以(yi)2~6歲時最(zui)高(gao)。產(chan)區終(zhong)年放牧,冬春補(bu)飼。抓絨(rong)前10~15天加喂(wei)精(jing)料。如分兩次抓絨(rong),中(zhong)間可(ke)相隔10~15天。抓絨(rong)后半(ban)個月(yue)左(zuo)右剪毛(mao),胡子和尾毛(mao)的(de)價格(ge)較高(gao),應另行包裝。
一.產品介紹
遼寧(ning)東部地(di)區(qu)農(nong)民(min)飼養(yang)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷史悠久(jiu)。在(zai)(zai)沈(shen)(shen)陽新(xin)樂遺址,發現(xian)遼沈(shen)(shen)大地(di)在(zai)(zai)7000年(nian)前就已經(jing)有(you)豬、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)。遼寧(ning)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是在(zai)(zai)遼東地(di)區(qu)優越的(de)生態條件(jian)下(xia),經(jing)過民(min)間長期(qi)自(zi)群選育形成的(de)地(di)方品(pin)種(zhong)。1955年(nian)11月首先在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣被官方發現(xian)。1959年(nian),遼寧(ning)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳組織全省(sheng)開(kai)展畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)資源(yuan)調查時(shi),被專(zhuan)家們認定為優良地(di)方品(pin)種(zhong),時(shi)稱蓋(gai)縣絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。1964年(nian)8月,農(nong)業(ye)部領導(dao)電告(gao)遼寧(ning)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳:“遼寧(ning)要(yao)從全國出發,繁(fan)育好蓋(gai)縣絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),支援各地(di)”。1980年(nian),在(zai)(zai)全國統一(yi)的(de)畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)調查中,發現(xian)在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣周圍的(de)岫巖、鳳(feng)城、寬甸等地(di)也有(you)類似的(de)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),所以改稱遼寧(ning)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),并在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣建(jian)立遼寧(ning)省(sheng)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)。此后(hou),經(jing)過20多年(nian)的(de)系統選育,遼寧(ning)絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產絨量居世界白絨山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)冠,有(you)“國寶”美(mei)譽。
二.地域范圍
遼寧絨(rong)山羊產于遼寧地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)118°53′-125°46′,北(bei)緯38°43′-43°26′,遼寧省東(dong)北(bei)與吉林(lin)省接(jie)壤,西北(bei)與內蒙古自治區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)鄰,西南與河北(bei)省毗連(lian),與山東(dong)省隔(ge)(ge)海(hai)相望(wang)。以鴨綠(lv)江為(wei)界河,與朝鮮民(min)主主義人民(min)共(gong)和國隔(ge)(ge)江相望(wang),南瀕(bin)浩(hao)瀚的(de)渤海(hai)和黃(huang)海(hai)。主產區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包括大連(lian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)旅(lv)順口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、金州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、莊河市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瓦房店(dian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、普蘭店(dian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、長海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大連(lian)經(jing)濟開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);營口市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)鲅魚圈區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、老(lao)邊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、蓋(gai)州市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大石橋市(shi)(shi)(shi);鞍山市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)岫巖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、海(hai)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)、臺(tai)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);遼陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)文圣區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宏偉區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、弓長嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、太子(zi)河區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、遼陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、燈塔市(shi)(shi)(shi);丹東(dong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)振(zhen)安區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鳳城市(shi)(shi)(shi)、寬甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東(dong)港市(shi)(shi)(shi);本溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)平(ping)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、溪(xi)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、明山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南芬(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、本溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桓仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、本溪(xi)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);撫順市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)東(dong)洲區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、望(wang)花區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、清原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、撫順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、撫順經(jing)濟開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)清河區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、調兵山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、開(kai)(kai)原市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌圖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等8個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)44個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))407個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)。飼養量(liang)1000萬只,產絨(rong)量(liang)2500噸。
三.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
(1)外在感(gan)官特征 被(bei)毛全白,體質健壯(zhuang),結(jie)構勻稱、緊湊,頭輕小,額(e)頂(ding)有(you)長(chang)(chang)毛,頜下有(you)髯,公羊角(jiao)粗(cu)大,向后斜上(shang)方兩側螺旋式伸(shen)展,母羊角(jiao)向后斜上(shang)方兩側捻曲(qu)伸(shen)出,頸寬厚(hou)、與肩(jian)部結(jie)合(he)良(liang)(liang)好,背腰平直,四肢粗(cu)壯(zhuang),肢蹄結(jie)實,短瘦尾,尾尖(jian)上(shang)翹。被(bei)毛柔軟有(you)彈性,絨層(ceng)厚(hou)實,被(bei)毛覆蓋(gai)良(liang)(liang)好,用兩手分開(kai)毛叢,可見亮白、密(mi)而(er)長(chang)(chang)的絨叢。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標 遼(liao)寧絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)世界(jie)最優(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)的絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)我國(guo)農(nong)業領域擁有自主(zhu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)權(quan)的特殊(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源,是(shi)廣(guang)大農(nong)牧民脫貧致富的主(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一直以(yi)(yi)(yi)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)最高、出(chu)(chu)絨(rong)多、絨(rong)細度(du)(du)好和(he)(he)絨(rong)纖維長(chang)(chang)等(deng)綜合品(pin)質優(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)而居世界(jie)白絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)之冠;又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其遺傳性能穩定,雜(za)交改(gai)良效果非(fei)常顯著(zhu),被譽(yu)為“中(zhong)(zhong)華國(guo)寶”。長(chang)(chang)期(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來被各大絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區引入,廣(guang)泛用(yong)于育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)改(gai)良,被育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)專家(jia)譽(yu)為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)之父(fu)”。在我國(guo)《國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)畜禽(qin)遺傳資源保護名錄》中(zhong)(zhong)列需要(yao)保護的羊(yang)(yang)類首位,是(shi)我國(guo)政府明令禁(jin)止出(chu)(chu)境的極(ji)少數畜禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之一。成年公羊(yang)(yang)體重40kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)450g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),成年母羊(yang)(yang)體重30kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)300g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);絨(rong)自然長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)40mm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);絨(rong)細度(du)(du)10-20μm;含(han)絨(rong)率60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);屠(tu)宰(zai)率春(chun)冬30%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),夏秋35%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。改(gai)良低產(chan)(chan)(chan)絨(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)平(ping)均(jun)提高100g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),個(ge)體體重平(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)加3kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求 遼寧絨(rong)山羊所(suo)采食的(de)飼料(liao)(liao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)《綠(lv)色食品(pin)飼料(liao)(liao)及飼料(liao)(liao)添加劑使用準(zhun)則(ze)》、《飼料(liao)(liao)衛生標準(zhun)》。獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)《中華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)典(dian)》、《中華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)(yao)規范》、NY5126-2002《無公害食品(pin)肉(rou)牛(niu)飼養獸(shou)(shou)醫防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)準(zhun)則(ze)》并在獸(shou)(shou)醫指導下進行。對(dui)隔離治療的(de)羊,待其(qi)完(wan)全(quan)健康(kang)后(hou)方可轉入健康(kang)群體(ti)。需要(yao)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)病羊,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)參(can)照(zhao)GBl6548-1996《畜禽病害肉(rou)尸及其(qi)產品(pin)無害化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)規程》牛(niu)的(de)要(yao)求進行處(chu)理(li)(li)。飼養場內(nei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設羊糞(fen)尿、褥(ru)草和污物(wu)等處(chu)理(li)(li)設施(shi),廢棄物(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)遵循減量化(hua)、無害化(hua)和資源化(hua)的(de)原則(ze)。糞(fen)便經(jing)堆積發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)后(hou)可做農(nong)業用肥(fei), 污水(shui)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)、沉淀后(hou)才能作(zuo)為液(ye)體(ti)肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用。預防(fang)傳染病的(de)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)農(nong)業部(bu)的(de)《獸(shou)(shou)用生物(wu)制品(pin)管理(li)(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)規定。 疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)的(de)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)按照(zhao)《中華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)動物(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)》、《遼寧絨(rong)山羊防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)技術(shu)規范》的(de)要(yao)求,結合(he)當地疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病的(de)流行情(qing)況,有(you)針對(dui)性地選(xuan)用疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao),并按疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)使用要(yao)求進行接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)。寄生蟲預防(fang)要(yao)選(xuan)擇高效(xiao)、安全(quan)的(de)抗(kang)寄生蟲藥(yao)(yao)。