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簡介

茯(fu)苓(ling)是(shi)名貴中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)珍(zhen)品，也是(shi)治療多種疾病的(de)主要配伍藥(yao)(yao)。史有中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材"白(bai)銀"之冠名，對人體(ti)(ti)具有極高的(de)抗(kang)癌(ai)、抗(kang)衰、固精(jing)、保腎等藥(yao)(yao)食保健功(gong)能。《神農本草經》中(zhong)(zhong)把(ba)茯(fu)苓(ling)列為上品，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)"八珍(zhen)"之一(yi)。商茯(fu)苓(ling)主要產于大(da)別山區的(de)原(yuan)始森(sen)林，以(yi)體(ti)(ti)大(da)、色亮、澤瑩、質優、生產歷史悠(you)久而享譽全國，商城也因此一(yi)直享有茯(fu)苓(ling)之鄉的(de)美譽。

歷史

中國是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)真菌治病最(zui)早的國家之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)的藥用(yong)(yong)歷史已有(you)(you)2000多(duo)(duo)年(nian)。早在1000多(duo)(duo)年(nian)前的《神(shen)農本草經(jing)》中就記(ji)載有(you)(you)茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)的藥用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值，宋朝唐慎(shen)微的《重修政和經(jing)史證(zheng)類備用(yong)(yong)本草》和明朝李時珍的《本草綱目(mu)》等書中對茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)的功用(yong)(yong)也都有(you)(you)詳細的敘述.商城縣有(you)(you)關茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)藥用(yong)(yong)的記(ji)載也有(you)(you)400多(duo)(duo)年(nian),清嘉慶八年(nian)《商城縣志》載:"淮南(nan)子千年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)松下有(you)(you)茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)，邑(yi)南(nan)山亦(yi)有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)赤白二(er)種，其抱松者曰茯(fu)(fu)神(shen)"("茯(fu)(fu)神(shen)"是(shi)野(ye)生茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)的一(yi)種)。

商茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、保(bao)健(jian)品(pin)三個方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，商茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的菌(jun)核入(ru)藥(yao)(yao)，且各部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的治(zhi)療(liao)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)所(suo)不同。茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的外皮(pi)(pi)，稱(cheng)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)皮(pi)(pi)，長于(yu)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)消(xiao)腫，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)腫，小便(bian)不利(li);內部(bu)淡紅色(se)的部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，稱(cheng)赤茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，長于(yu)清利(li)濕熱(re)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)濕熱(re)泄瀉，小便(bian)不利(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥;切去赤茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)后的白色(se)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)稱(cheng)白茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，長于(yu)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)滲濕、健(jian)脾補中、寧心(xin)(xin)安神，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)脾虛濕盛、小便(bian)不利(li)、食(shi)(shi)少脘悶(men)、痰飲咳嗽、心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)失眠等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥;白茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)中心(xin)(xin)穿有(you)細松木者，稱(cheng)茯(fu)神，長于(yu)寧心(xin)(xin)安神，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)失眠;茯(fu)神中的木心(xin)(xin)，稱(cheng)為(wei)茯(fu)神木。現(xian)代(dai)藥(yao)(yao)理(li)研究證明:茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)有(you)鎮靜(jing)、利(li)尿、降血糖、抑菌(jun)、強(qiang)心(xin)(xin)、預防胃潰瘍以及抗腫瘤與(yu)增強(qiang)免疫功(gong)能的作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)制劑(ji)對鼻咽癌、胃癌、肝(gan)癌等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)一定(ding)的作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，由于(yu)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)富(fu)含蛋白質、碳水(shui)(shui)(shui)化合物、脂肪及多(duo)糖類，因此(ci)其自古被用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作食(shi)(shi)品(pin)。一些常見食(shi)(shi)品(pin)"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)酥"、"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)霜"、"八珍糕"、"山藥(yao)(yao)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)包子(zi)"、"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)粥"等(deng)(deng)(deng)，都是(shi)以茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)原料，一直為(wei)人(ren)們所(suo)喜好。商城民間習慣用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)制作的食(shi)(shi)品(pin)也(ye)不少，如(ru)"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)酒(jiu)"、"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)夾"、"八珍酥糖"、"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)掛面(mian)(mian)"等(deng)(deng)(deng)，至今(jin)還是(shi)人(ren)們每(mei)逢(feng)節日招(zhao)待親友、饋贈鄉鄰的佳品(pin)。保(bao)健(jian)品(pin)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，目前(qian)我(wo)國開(kai)發出的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)作原料的保(bao)建品(pin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)五個條(tiao)列(lie):一是(shi)營(ying)養口(kou)服(fu)(fu)液類，如(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)花(hua)莖多(duo)糖作主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要成分(fen)(fen)的"寶力"營(ying)養液和福壽仙、天然口(kou)服(fu)(fu)液等(deng)(deng)(deng);二是(shi)保(bao)健(jian)飲料，如(ru)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)可樂等(deng)(deng)(deng)。三是(shi)保(bao)健(jian)茶類，如(ru)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)袋泡茶等(deng)(deng)(deng);四是(shi)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)滋補酒(jiu);五是(shi)保(bao)健(jian)膠囊類，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)療(liao)乙肝(gan)、糖尿病等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

標記注冊

商城縣有大量(liang)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)茯苓(ling)(ling)，主(zhu)要寄生(sheng)(sheng)在馬尾松(song)等松(song)樹的(de)(de)根(gen)際,人工栽培于窖在地下的(de)(de)松(song)木(mu)(椴木(mu)或樹兜)上。在抗日戰爭(zheng)前(qian)，商茯苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)年產(chan)量(liang)近(jin)500萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤，遠銷(xiao)國(guo)(guo)內外。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年，下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)10萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤。建國(guo)(guo)后，茯苓(ling)(ling)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)恢(hui)復和發展，年產(chan)量(liang)穩定(ding)在60萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤之(zhi)間。2003年，茯苓(ling)(ling)收購量(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)500多噸(dun)。商城縣森林(lin)面積120萬(wan)(wan)畝，森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)達(da)(da)38.12%，高于全(quan)國(guo)(guo)和全(quan)省的(de)(de)平均值，其(qi)中茯苓(ling)(ling)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)寄生(sheng)(sheng)源馬尾松(song)占林(lin)地總面積的(de)(de)71.8%，達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)68萬(wan)(wan)畝。適(shi)宜的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、良好的(de)(de)氣候條件、肥沃的(de)(de)森林(lin)土壤，造就了(le)商茯苓(ling)(ling)優良地道(dao)的(de)(de)品質，加上豐富地野生(sheng)(sheng)和人工栽培茯苓(ling)(ling)資(zi)源，使(shi)得(de)商城縣成為(wei)河(he)南省的(de)(de)茯苓(ling)(ling)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地，并(bing)且(qie)是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)茯苓(ling)(ling)主(zhu)產(chan)區之(zhi)一。商城茯苓(ling)(ling)以其(qi)優異的(de)(de)品質，精細的(de)(de)加工，形(xing)成了(le)自己獨到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)特色，在國(guo)(guo)內外市場久(jiu)負(fu)盛名，"茯苓(ling)(ling)之(zhi)鄉"的(de)(de)美名越傳越廣。