形態特征
小喬木,高達(da)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)。樹干及(ji)小枝(zhi)白(bai)灰或(huo)淡黃灰色(se)(se)(se),略有(you)(you)(you)光澤(ze)(ze),當年生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),其(qi)(qi)橫切面呈(cheng)鈍三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),底(di)邊(bian)(bian)近(jin)圓(yuan)弧形(xing)(xing)。幼苗期(qi)的(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)為(wei)單(dan)(dan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),其(qi)(qi)后為(wei)單(dan)(dan)小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及(ji)二小葉(xie)(xie)(xie),成長(chang)(chang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)(you)小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)3-5、稀(xi)7片;小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)深綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面有(you)(you)(you)光澤(ze)(ze),卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-9厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5-4厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)(ding)部狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),稀(xi)短尖(jian),基部短尖(jian),兩側對稱或(huo)一側偏斜,邊(bian)(bian)全緣,波(bo)浪狀(zhuang)起(qi)(qi)伏,側脈每(mei)邊(bian)(bian)4-8條;小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)不足1厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序腋生(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)頂(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng),通常有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)10朵(duo)以內,稀(xi)多(duo)達(da)50余(yu)朵(duo);萼片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),邊(bian)(bian)緣有(you)(you)(you)疏毛,宿(su)存;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣倒披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)達(da)2厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)時稍反折,散(san)生(sheng)(sheng)淡黃色(se)(se)(se)半透明(ming)油(you)點;雄蕊10枚,長(chang)(chang)短相間,花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),線狀(zhuang),比花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱略短,藥隔中央(yang)及(ji)頂(ding)(ding)端極(ji)少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)油(you)點;花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),細長(chang)(chang),連子(zi)房長(chang)(chang)達(da)12毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),柱頭甚大,比子(zi)房寬(kuan)(kuan)或(huo)等寬(kuan)(kuan),子(zi)房2室。果(guo)橙(cheng)黃至(zhi)朱紅色(se)(se)(se),狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),稀(xi)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)部漸(jian)狹(xia),長(chang)(chang)1-2厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)5-14毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)甚多(duo)干后凸起(qi)(qi)但中央(yang)窩(wo)點狀(zhuang)下陷的(de)油(you)點,種子(zi)1-2粒;種皮有(you)(you)(you)棉質毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-9月(yue),也有(you)(you)(you)秋、冬(dong)開花(hua)(hua)(hua),果(guo)期(qi)9-12月(yue)。
生長環境
喜溫(wen)暖(nuan)濕潤(run)氣候,耐旱,不耐寒。最(zui)(zui)適年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度15~18℃,最(zui)(zui)高月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度27~29℃,最(zui)(zui)低月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度1~2℃,能耐極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)度-7℃,年降(jiang)雨量1000~1600mm為(wei)宜。以選(xuan)陽光充足(zu),土層深厚、疏松肥沃(wo)的微堿(jian)性土壤(rang)栽培(pei)為(wei)宜。
主要價值
根、葉用作草藥。味微(wei)辛,苦(ku)而(er)麻辣。性(xing)溫(wen),一說有(you)小毒,通經絡,行氣,活(huo)血(xue),散(san)瘀,止痛(tong),鎮驚,消腫(zhong),解(jie)毒。治(zhi)感冒、頭痛(tong)、胃(wei)痛(tong)、牙(ya)痛(tong)、風濕(shi)骨痛(tong)、跌打腫(zhong)痛(tong)。
根(gen)(gen)皮松(song)軟(ruan),淡黃色,據報道,根(gen)(gen)的50%酒(jiu)精(jing)浸劑(ji)(ji)可(ke)用(yong)作口腔(qiang)粘膜表皮麻醉(zui)劑(ji)(ji),用(yong)兩面(mian)針和千里香的根(gen)(gen)50%的酒(jiu)精(jing)浸劑(ji)(ji),可(ke)減輕局部刺(ci)激(ji)作用(yong)。