一.產品介紹
沂(yi)蒙綠茶產于山東(dong)省臨沂(yi)市,俗稱沂(yi)蒙山區,屬暖溫帶季風區大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,四季分明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候溫和,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,光照充(chong)足,常(chang)年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)800毫米左(zuo)右(you),平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫130C,年平(ping)均(jun)日照時數2400~2600小時,無霜期200多(duo)天,境內有眾多(duo)丘陵、水庫(ku)。獨特的(de)地理(li)位置、優良的(de)土壤質(zhi)地和適宜的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件,致使生(sheng)產的(de)沂(yi)蒙綠茶具有“芽葉肥厚、栗香高(gao)爽、滋味(wei)醇濃、極耐沖泡”等(deng)品質(zhi),飲譽中外。據測定,沂(yi)蒙綠茶中所含氨基酸、茶多(duo)酚、水浸出物等(deng)指標都(dou)較南方茶含量(liang)高(gao),是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)理(li)想的(de)健康飲品。
二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生態環境
1、地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌:臨沂(yi)市地(di)(di)處(chu)魯中南(nan)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和魯東(dong)丘陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為山(shan)區(qu)(qu),南(nan)部(bu)(bu)為平(ping)原,整個地(di)(di)勢大致呈西(xi)北(bei)高而(er)東(dong)南(nan)低。南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的平(ping)原為沂(yi)沭河(he)沖積而(er)成,又稱臨郯蒼平(ping)原。這里(li)海拔高度一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)50米(mi)以上,有“山(shan)東(dong)小江南(nan)”之稱。沂(yi)山(shan)、魯山(shan)、蒙山(shan)、尼(ni)山(shan)四條主要(yao)山(shan)脈(mo)呈西(xi)北(bei)-東(dong)南(nan)走向,較大山(shan)頭100余座。山(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵(ling)(ling)約占總面積的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)特點:全(quan)(quan)(quan)市土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積為1718992.74 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)10.93%。境(jing)內西部、北(bei)部為山(shan)區,東部為丘陵(ling)區。中南部為平(ping)原。山(shan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積313855.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)18%;丘陵(ling)為758812.00公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝(mu)(mu))占全(quan)(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)44 %;平(ping)原洼地(di) 46341.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝(mu)(mu)),占全(quan)(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)(lei)型(xing)可分(fen)為:棕壤、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、 潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、砂姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)五類(lei)(lei),十一個亞類(lei)(lei)。其中,棕壤面(mian)(mian)積615625.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝(mu)(mu)),占土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝(mu)(mu))占33.7%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝(mu)(mu),占16.3 %;砂姜土(tu)(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝(mu)(mu)),占5.4%;水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝(mu)(mu)),占 3.4%。據2006年全(quan)(quan)(quan)市土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤普查測定棕壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)中的(de)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量平(ping)均(jun)1.1%、水解(jie)氮116.75mg/kg、有效磷47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀85.4 mg/kg,pH值6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松,保(bao)水保(bao)肥能力強,適合茶(cha)樹生(sheng)長。
3、氣候(hou)特點:臨沂(yi)市屬于典型的(de)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣候(hou),冬季(ji)寒(han)冷干燥,夏季(ji)高溫(wen)多雨,春季(ji)多風少雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)涼爽(shuang)晴朗,四(si)季(ji)分明。極端(duan)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)-24、9℃,極端(duan)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)40℃。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)856. mm,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水集中(zhong)在5-8月(yue)份,占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)71%;其(qi)季(ji)節分布是(shi)3-5月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)為(wei)(wei)121.2mm、占(zhan)14.1%,6-8月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)為(wei)(wei)545.2mm、占(zhan)63.6%,9-11月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)為(wei)(wei)151.0mm、占(zhan)17.6%,12-2月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)為(wei)(wei)39.4mm、占(zhan)4.6%,空氣相(xiang)對濕度(du)70%左(zuo)右(you)。光照(zhao)(zhao)資源豐富(fu),日照(zhao)(zhao)時間長,光照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足,有利(li)于作物光合作用(yong),常年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)(wei)2458.9小時,占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)可(ke)照(zhao)(zhao)時間的(de)55%。
4、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:臨沂市(shi)境內(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系發育(yu)呈脈(mo)狀分布,有沂河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、沭河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、中運河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、濱海四大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,區域劃分屬淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域。主要河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)為沂河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)和沭河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),有較大支流(liu)1035條,10公里以(yi)上(shang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)300余條。境內(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利設施(shi)配(pei)套齊全,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充(chong)足,農田排灌設施(shi)配(pei)套,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈,無污(wu)(wu)染,達到了旱能澆、澇能排。同時沂蒙綠茶(cha)種植區內(nei)(nei)(nei)無大型(xing)工廠,灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)均來自山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui),不受污(wu)(wu)染。無“三廢”排放和空氣污(wu)(wu)染,也(ye)沒(mei)有重(zhong)金屬污(wu)(wu)染歷史。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)(yi)蒙綠茶產于(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)臨沂(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi),俗稱沂(yi)(yi)蒙山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)所轄(xia)地級(ji)市(shi)(shi)。位于(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部,地理坐標(biao)為(wei):東(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北緯34°22′-36°22′,素有(you)“魯(lu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)大(da)門”之稱。它東(dong)(dong)與日(ri)照市(shi)(shi)接壤(rang),西連(lian)(lian)泰安、濟寧和棗莊三市(shi)(shi),南(nan)鄰江蘇省(sheng)(sheng)連(lian)(lian)云港(gang)市(shi)(shi),北靠濰坊、淄(zi)博(bo)兩市(shi)(shi),為(wei)齊魯(lu)大(da)地與江淮地區(qu)(qu)(qu)交往的重要通道。臨沂(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)現轄(xia)3區(qu)(qu)(qu)(蘭山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、羅莊區(qu)(qu)(qu))9縣(xian)(xian)(費縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)邑縣(xian)(xian)、蒼山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、郯(tan)城縣(xian)(xian)、臨沭縣(xian)(xian)、莒南(nan)縣(xian)(xian),沂(yi)(yi)水縣(xian)(xian)、沂(yi)(yi)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、蒙陰縣(xian)(xian)),南(nan)北最(zui)大(da)距離228千米(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西最(zui)大(da)距離161千米(mi)(mi),總(zong)面積(ji)17257、52平(ping)方千米(mi)(mi),是山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)17個地級(ji)市(shi)(shi)中面積(ji)和人口最(zui)大(da)的市(shi)(shi)。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:(1)卷曲形(xing)茶外形(xing):條索卷曲、緊結、勻整(zheng);不同級別(bie)茶葉(xie)色(se)(se)澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)翠綠(lv)到(dao)(dao)墨(mo)綠(lv),但(dan)不得枯黃(huang)(huang)、斷碎。內(nei)質:香(xiang)(xiang)氣高,從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)(dao)純(chun)正;湯色(se)(se)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)明(ming)亮,不渾(hun)濁(zhuo);滋味濃醇、無(wu)異味;葉(xie)底從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)明(ming)亮。(2)扁(bian)形(xing)茶外形(xing):光扁(bian)平(ping)直,不同級別(bie)茶葉(xie)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)光滑到(dao)(dao)扁(bian)平(ping);色(se)(se)澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv),勻整(zheng)潔凈(jing)。內(nei)質:栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)濃郁(yu),從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)香(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)(dao)純(chun)正;滋味醇厚(hou),無(wu)異味;湯色(se)(se)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)明(ming)亮;葉(xie)底從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)亮。(3)針形(xing)茶。外形(xing):扁(bian)平(ping)挺直,綠(lv)潤勻齊(qi)。內(nei)質:栗(li)香(xiang)(xiang)高而持久(jiu),湯色(se)(se)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)清澈(che);滋味鮮醇爽口(kou);葉(xie)底嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)明(ming)亮均勻。
2、內(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)品質(zhi)指標:沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)具(ju)有(you)葉(xie)片肥(fei)厚、香氣高(gao)、滋味(wei)鮮(xian)爽(shuang)醇(chun)和、耐沖泡、湯色(se)嫩綠(lv)明亮、并帶有(you)獨(du)特的(de)板栗(li)香等特點。這些特點的(de)形成與其特有(you)的(de)鮮(xian)葉(xie)形態與內(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)營養成分是分不(bu)開的(de),具(ju)體指標為(wei)(wei):水(shui)浸(jin)出物(wu)40-45%、氨(an)基酸4.0-4.5%、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)(duo)酚28.0-32.0%、咖(ka)啡堿(jian)4.0-4.5%,而(er)南(nan)方茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)水(shui)浸(jin)出物(wu)為(wei)(wei)38.9%、氨(an)基酸為(wei)(wei)2.39%、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)(duo)酚為(wei)(wei)24.61%、咖(ka)啡堿(jian)為(wei)(wei)3.8%。由此(ci)可知,沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)中所含氨(an)基酸、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)(duo)酚、水(shui)浸(jin)出物(wu)三項(xiang)指標較南(nan)方茶(cha)(cha)(cha)含量分別(bie)高(gao)出155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而(er)且茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)(duo)酚與氨(an)基酸比值小于(yu)10,為(wei)(wei)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)品質(zhi)最佳比例(li),能使茶(cha)(cha)(cha)湯清香甘醇(chun),耐沖泡;同時由于(yu)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)山區獨(du)特的(de)地理條件,使沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)含豐(feng)富(fu)有(you)益(yi)礦物(wu)質(zhi),因此(ci),沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)是一(yi)種理想的(de)健康飲品。
3、安(an)全要求:沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)必須達(da)到農業部“無公害(hai)食(shi)品茶(cha)葉”的衛生指標。有《農產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全法》第三十三條(tiao)規定情形的不得上市銷售。