沂(yi)水(shui)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)著悠久(jiu)的栽培(pei)歷史,2010年11月沂(yi)水(shui)縣崔家(jia)峪鎮林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)技術人員下(xia)村(cun)(cun)進行夏季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園管理(li)指導(dao)時,在五口村(cun)(cun)發現(xian)4000多(duo)棵中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古老蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。后(hou)經果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農專(zhuan)家(jia)考察(cha),發現(xian)有(you)斑紫、林檎、海(hai)棠(tang)、大小(xiao)花紅(hong)(hong)(hong)和蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)婆等12個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古老蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。據五口村(cun)(cun)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農介紹,這些品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)雖有(you)上百年了樹齡,但(dan)依然能產(chan)(chan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),而且大部分是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)早熟品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。.? 目前沂(yi)水(shui)縣栽培(pei)的蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)有(you)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)嘎啦,黃金帥,喬(qiao)納金,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)星,美國(guo)(guo)(guo)八號,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富士(shi)(shi)等。 山東沂(yi)水(shui)縣四十里鎮是(shi)遠近聞名的蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)植基地,盛產(chan)(chan)嘎啦,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)富士(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),每年的8月份到9月份正式上市(shi), 產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)地,是(shi)各(ge)大超市(shi)、鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)批發市(shi)場的首選(xuan)供應(ying)。
2007年(nian)以來(lai),沂水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)0把(ba)果(guo)品業規模化發(fa)展(zhan)確定為縣(xian)(xian)績效(xiao)考(kao)核(he)重(zhong)點工作之一,把(ba)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)蘋(pin)果(guo)“垂(chui)柳(liu)式(shi)”整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪技術(shu)作為提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)品產量、增(zeng)加(jia)農民效(xiao)益的(de)重(zhong)要工作來(lai)抓(zhua),計劃(hua)從2008年(nian)開(kai)始,用(yong)三年(nian)時間(jian)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)5000畝。通過(guo)外出參(can)觀、邀請專(zhuan)家講課等(deng)形(xing)(xing)式(shi),積(ji)極(ji)宣傳該項新技術(shu),先后(hou)8次邀請蘋(pin)果(guo)“垂(chui)柳(liu)式(shi)”整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪技術(shu)發(fa)明者(zhe)—沂源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)王春禎來(lai)我縣(xian)(xian)舉辦(ban)培訓班(ban),把(ba)課堂搬到田(tian)間(jian)地頭,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共舉辦(ban)專(zhuan)題培訓班(ban)25期,參(can)加(jia)培訓人員2000余人。同(tong)時,各鄉鎮結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身特點,積(ji)極(ji)搞好該項新技術(shu)的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)工作。到目前為止,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)已發(fa)展(zhan)180個示范戶、建立(li)了(le)2000畝示范園,整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪工作已全(quan)(quan)面展(zhan)開(kai)。 “垂(chui)柳(liu)式(shi)” 整形(xing)(xing)主要是對原來(lai)的(de)主干(gan)疏層(ceng)形(xing)(xing)或紡錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)等(deng)樹形(xing)(xing)進行改造(zao),逐年(nian)逐漸(jian)疏除過(guo)渡枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加(jia)大樹體層(ceng)間(jian)距,逐年(nian)去除側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),促發(fa)、保留利(li)用(yong)長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),通過(guo)緩放后(hou),進行拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、別(bie)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)方法(fa),最后(hou)整成“垂(chui)柳(liu)式(shi)”形(xing)(xing)狀。該整形(xing)(xing)方法(fa),充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)了(le)紅(hong)富(fu)士蘋(pin)果(guo)長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩放后(hou)易成花,果(guo)臺副梢連(lian)續結(jie)果(guo)能(neng)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)特點,減少枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條浪費,增(zeng)加(jia)結(jie)果(guo)部(bu)位(wei),達到提(ti)高(gao)產量的(de)目的(de);同(tong)時,利(li)用(yong)了(le)地球引力(li)作用(yong),使果(guo)形(xing)(xing)高(gao)樁端正;通過(guo)改變(bian)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條生產方向改善了(le)通風透(tou)光條件,大大提(ti)高(gao)了(le)全(quan)(quan)紅(hong)果(guo)比例(li)。.
地域范圍
沂(yi)水蘋果產于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省臨(lin)沂(yi)市轄區的(de)(de)沂(yi)水縣高莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、夏蔚(yu)鎮(zhen)、沂(yi)水鎮(zhen)、院(yuan)東(dong)(dong)頭(tou)鄉、崔(cui)家(jia)峪鎮(zhen)、泉莊(zhuang)鄉、諸葛(ge)鎮(zhen)、沙(sha)溝鎮(zhen)、馬(ma)站鎮(zhen),總(zong)面積約13533公頃。沂(yi)水縣位于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)南部沂(yi)山(shan)南麓(lu),臨(lin)沂(yi)地區北部。地理(li)坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)經118°13′00″~119°03′00″,北緯(wei)35°36′00″~36°13′00″。最(zui)(zui)(zui)高點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)縣境北部的(de)(de)沂(yi)山(shan)南側的(de)(de)泰薄頂山(shan),海拔(ba)916.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)。最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)縣境東(dong)(dong)北部的(de)(de)朱雙村東(dong)(dong),海拔(ba)101.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全年(nian)一月份(fen)(fen)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)-3℃,七月份(fen)(fen)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高,平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)25.5℃。極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)39.2℃,極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-24.9℃,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)12.3℃,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量782.1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),無霜期205.2天,年(nian)有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5183.7℃。8-9月份(fen)(fen)晝(zhou)夜平均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)9.8℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)14.2℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)小溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5℃,10月份(fen)(fen)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)10.5℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)大溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)15.6℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)小溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)4℃,海拔(ba)高度(du)在101.1-916.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間。
產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:產品(pin)具有各類無公害蘋果的自然特征,品(pin)質正常、無劣變(bian),產品(pin)果個均勻,平均單(dan)果重198克(ke),最大果重460克(ke),色(se)澤鮮(xian)艷,果肉致密,含糖量高,汁多味(wei)好,香味(wei)濃郁,耐貯運(yun)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:可溶(rong)性固形物≥11%;硬(ying)度(N/平方厘(li)米)≥5.5;總(zong)酸量≤0.4%;總(zong)糖含量≤13%。
3、安(an)全要求:沂(yi)水蘋(pin)果執行(xing)《無公害食品蘋(pin)果》(NY5012-2002)標準。