一.自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件:濰坊(fang)市(shi)地(di)處山東半島中(zhong)部(bu),全市(shi)地(di)勢南高(gao)(gao)北(bei)低,南部(bu)是(shi)山區和丘陵(ling),中(zhong)部(bu)是(shi)平(ping)原,北(bei)部(bu)是(shi)沿海灘涂,分別占總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)28.7%、57.7%和13.6%,森林覆蓋率達到(dao)25.6%,最高(gao)(gao)點(dian)(dian)海拔1032米,最低點(dian)(dian)海拔在7米以下,大部(bu)分耕地(di)在海拔25~321米。境內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)主要有棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、礦姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)和鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)5類(lei),其中(zhong)適宜種植烤煙(yan)的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)為(wei)棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)和褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu),宜煙(yan)耕地(di)面積(ji)266萬畝,占總(zong)耕地(di)面積(ji)的(de)45%。宜煙(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,質地(di)疏松,有機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.5~1.72,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH為(wei)5.73~7.19,速效(xiao)氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)40~100mg/kg,速效(xiao)磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)5~30mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀較豐富,含(han)量(liang)(liang)120~410mg/kg,0~60cm土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)氯離子含(han)量(liang)(liang)多在19.2~29.8mg/kg.
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:全(quan)(quan)市擁有(you)(you)水(shui)資源總(zong)量27.28億立方米,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)50平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)以上的河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)103條,主(zhu)要(yao)水(shui)系有(you)(you)濰河(he)(he)、彌河(he)(he)、白浪河(he)(he)、南(nan)北膠萊(lai)(lai)河(he)(he)和小(xiao)清河(he)(he)等五大水(shui)系。濰河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)246公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)6367平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);彌河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)177公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)3863平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);白浪河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)127公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)1237平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);南(nan)膠萊(lai)(lai)河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)42公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)1500平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),在(zai)高密市境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)7.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);北膠萊(lai)(lai)河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)103.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)3900平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);小(xiao)清河(he)(he),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)237公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)10276平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),在(zai)壽光市境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)入海(hai),在(zai)我市境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)19.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。全(quan)(quan)市境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)大中(zhong)型水(shui)庫26座,小(xiao)型水(shui)庫521座,塘壩3064座,固(gu)定揚水(shui)站(zhan)2094處,機電井15萬眼(yan),有(you)(you)效(xiao)灌溉面積(ji)(ji)(ji)達到780萬畝,全(quan)(quan)市耕地有(you)(you)效(xiao)灌溉率53.8%.
3、氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件:濰坊市(shi)屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)分明,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足(zu)、無霜期長(chang)、雨量充(chong)沛。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)在12.3℃,≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)4585.4℃,穩定(ding)通過10℃平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)初日為4月10日,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)終(zhong)(zhong)日為10月29日,初冬間隔(ge)203天,≥10℃平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)為4108.5℃,基本在煙(yan)(yan)葉生長(chang)的適(shi)宜范(fan)圍內;無霜期195天,初霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)在10月下(xia)旬,終(zhong)(zhong)霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)在4月上旬;年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨量660mm,6、7、8三個月降水量占平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年降水量的59.2%,煙(yan)(yan)葉生長(chang)與降水基本同步,與優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)生長(chang)發(fa)育需水特性一致(zhi);全市(shi)年太陽輻射總量121.8千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)厘米,日平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)輻射量190卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)厘米;歷年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)2574.3h,日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率58%,3~10月日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時數都在200h以上,6~9月日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時數906.9h,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足(zu),十分適(shi)宜于優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)葉生長(chang)。
二.地域范圍
濰坊(fang)(fang)烤煙保護區域位于(yu)山東半島中部的濰坊(fang)(fang)市,北緯(wei)35°41′-37°26′,東經118°10′-120°01′,區域保護面積13330公頃,年產量51萬擔(dan)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外在感官特(te)征:
1.1、鮮煙葉(xie):打頂(ding)后株(zhu)高90cm~120cm,有效葉(xie)18片~22片,中部最(zui)大(da)葉(xie)長為55cm~65cm,頂(ding)葉(xie)長度達到50cm以上。煙株(zhu)近筒形(xing)(xing)或(huo)微腰鼓形(xing)(xing),群體結構合理,打頂(ding)后株(zhu)高一致,通(tong)風透光好,基(ji)本無病蟲害,煙葉(xie)自下(xia)而上分(fen)層(ceng)落黃,易把握成熟度和便(bian)于(yu)適時采摘(zhai)烘烤。
1.2、烤后煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie):外觀質量符(fu)合GB2635中正組煙(yan)的要(yao)求,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片成熟,顏色(se)多金黃到桔黃,以桔黃為主;色(se)澤飽滿(man)、油分足,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片厚薄適(shi)中,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片結構疏(shu)松、柔軟、彈性(xing)好(hao)。單葉(xie)(xie)(xie)重:下部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)7~9g,中部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)9~12g,上部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)10~15g。
2、內在品質指標濰坊烤(kao)煙(yan)內在化學成分協調,具有香(xiang)氣質好、香(xiang)氣量足,吃味醇(chun)和,煙(yan)味濃(nong)厚,勁頭適中,燃燒性(xing)強,煙(yan)灰呈灰白色,煙(yan)葉(xie)松散(san)性(xing)狀好,葉(xie)片不易(yi)粘結,便于長期儲(chu)存的(de)(de)風格特(te)征(zheng),與國內外各產(chan)區煙(yan)葉(xie)有良好的(de)(de)配(pei)伍(wu)性(xing),工業(ye)可用(yong)性(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao),是(shi)中、高(gao)(gao)(gao)檔(dang)卷煙(yan)的(de)(de)必備原(yuan)料。尤以濃(nong)香(xiang)風格特(te)征(zheng)突出,是(shi)“中式濃(nong)香(xiang)低害”特(te)征(zheng)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)檔(dang)卷煙(yan)品牌的(de)(de)主要原(yuan)料,符合當前和今(jin)后高(gao)(gao)(gao)檔(dang)卷煙(yan)的(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢和市場需求,具有較為廣闊的(de)(de)市場前景(jing)。
3、安全要求:農(nong)藥殘留:符(fu)合(he)(he)《Q/WYS3-1.10-2011煙(yan)草農(nong)藥合(he)(he)理使用規(gui)范(fan)》和(he)《Q/WYS4-1.01-2009煙(yan)葉產品質量要求》的(de)(de)規(gui)定。重金屬:符(fu)合(he)(he)國家食(shi)品衛生標準相應對(dui)重金屬限量的(de)(de)規(gui)定。
四特定生產方式
1、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇:推廣(guang)NC55、NC102、K326、魯煙(yan)1號、云煙(yan)87等(deng)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求生長(chang)整齊(qi)一致,分層落黃明(ming)顯、抗病性強、易烘(hong)烤(kao)、出絲率高、香氣質好(hao),香氣量足,吃味醇和、煙(yan)味濃厚。
2、產地選擇:滿足氣候(hou)、土壤、輪作(zuo)、環境質量(liang),禁(jin)用環境條件等要求。
3、采收(shou)(shou)、烘(hong)烤(kao)及收(shou)(shou)購:滿足采收(shou)(shou)、煙(yan)葉(xie)烘(hong)烤(kao)、煙(yan)葉(xie)收(shou)(shou)購等條件。
五.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
濰(wei)市境域范圍(wei)內(nei)所有(you)煙草系(xi)列產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)經營者,在烤煙包裝上使用已(yi)獲登(deng)(deng)記(ji)保護的“濰(wei)坊(fang)烤煙”農(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)及其圖案(an),需向登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)持(chi)有(you)人濰(wei)坊(fang)市煙葉(xie)協會提出申請,并按照相關要求(qiu)規范生(sheng)產(chan)和使用標志(zhi),統一采用產(chan)品名稱和農(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)公共標志(zhi)相結合的標識標注方法。