一.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
1、土壤(rang)條件:濰坊市地(di)處山(shan)東半島中(zhong)部,全市地(di)勢南高北低,南部是(shi)山(shan)區和(he)丘陵,中(zhong)部是(shi)平(ping)原,北部是(shi)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)灘(tan)涂,分別占(zhan)總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)28.7%、57.7%和(he)13.6%,森林覆(fu)蓋率達到25.6%,最(zui)高點(dian)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1032米,最(zui)低點(dian)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)在(zai)7米以下,大部分耕(geng)地(di)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)25~321米。境(jing)內土壤(rang)類型(xing)主(zhu)要有棕壤(rang)、褐(he)(he)土、潮土、礦姜黑土和(he)鹽土5類,其中(zhong)適宜(yi)種植(zhi)烤(kao)煙(yan)的(de)土壤(rang)類型(xing)為(wei)棕壤(rang)和(he)褐(he)(he)土,宜(yi)煙(yan)耕(geng)地(di)面積(ji)266萬畝,占(zhan)總(zong)耕(geng)地(di)面積(ji)的(de)45%。宜(yi)煙(yan)土壤(rang)土層(ceng)深厚,質地(di)疏松,有機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.5~1.72,土壤(rang)PH為(wei)5.73~7.19,速(su)(su)效(xiao)氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)40~100mg/kg,速(su)(su)效(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)量(liang)(liang)5~30mg/kg,速(su)(su)效(xiao)鉀較豐富,含(han)量(liang)(liang)120~410mg/kg,0~60cm土壤(rang)氯離子(zi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)在(zai)19.2~29.8mg/kg.
2、水(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:全(quan)市擁有水(shui)資源總量27.28億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,境(jing)(jing)內流(liu)域面(mian)積在50平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)以上的河(he)流(liu)有103條,主要水(shui)系有濰(wei)河(he)、彌河(he)、白浪(lang)河(he)、南北膠(jiao)萊河(he)和小清河(he)等五大水(shui)系。濰(wei)河(he),全(quan)長(chang)246公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積6367平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);彌河(he),全(quan)長(chang)177公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積3863平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);白浪(lang)河(he),全(quan)長(chang)127公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積1237平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);南膠(jiao)萊河(he),全(quan)長(chang)42公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積1500平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),在高密市境(jing)(jing)內7.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);北膠(jiao)萊河(he),全(quan)長(chang)103.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積3900平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li);小清河(he),全(quan)長(chang)237公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積10276平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li),在壽光市境(jing)(jing)內入海,在我市境(jing)(jing)內長(chang)19.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。全(quan)市境(jing)(jing)內有大中型水(shui)庫26座,小型水(shui)庫521座,塘壩3064座,固定揚水(shui)站2094處,機(ji)電(dian)井15萬(wan)眼,有效灌溉(gai)(gai)面(mian)積達到780萬(wan)畝,全(quan)市耕地有效灌溉(gai)(gai)率(lv)53.8%.
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件(jian):濰坊市(shi)屬暖溫帶半濕(shi)潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),四季分明,光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足、無霜期長(chang)(chang)(chang)、雨量(liang)充(chong)沛。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫在12.3℃,≥0℃積溫平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)4585.4℃,穩定通過(guo)10℃平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)初日(ri)(ri)為4月(yue)10日(ri)(ri),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)終日(ri)(ri)為10月(yue)29日(ri)(ri),初冬間隔203天,≥10℃平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積溫為4108.5℃,基本在煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)適宜范圍(wei)內;無霜期195天,初霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)出現在10月(yue)下旬,終霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)出現在4月(yue)上旬;年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)660mm,6、7、8三(san)個月(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)占平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)59.2%,煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)與降(jiang)(jiang)水基本同步,與優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)育需(xu)水特性一(yi)致(zhi);全市(shi)年(nian)太陽輻射總量(liang)121.8千卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi),日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)輻射量(liang)190卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi);歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)2574.3h,日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)58%,3~10月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數都在200h以(yi)上,6~9月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數906.9h,光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足,十分適宜于優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。
二.地域范圍
濰(wei)坊(fang)烤煙保(bao)護區域位于山東半島中部的(de)濰(wei)坊(fang)市(shi),北緯35°41′-37°26′,東經(jing)118°10′-120°01′,區域保(bao)護面(mian)積13330公頃,年產量51萬擔。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):
1.1、鮮煙葉(xie):打(da)頂(ding)后(hou)株(zhu)高90cm~120cm,有效(xiao)葉(xie)18片~22片,中部(bu)最(zui)大葉(xie)長為(wei)55cm~65cm,頂(ding)葉(xie)長度達到50cm以上(shang)(shang)。煙株(zhu)近筒形或微腰鼓(gu)形,群體結構(gou)合(he)理,打(da)頂(ding)后(hou)株(zhu)高一(yi)致,通風透(tou)光好,基本無病蟲害(hai),煙葉(xie)自下而上(shang)(shang)分層落黃(huang),易把(ba)握成熟度和(he)便于適時采摘烘烤。
1.2、烤后煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie):外觀質量符合GB2635中正組煙(yan)的要(yao)求,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片成熟,顏色多(duo)金黃(huang)到桔黃(huang),以桔黃(huang)為主(zhu);色澤飽滿、油分足,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片厚(hou)薄適中,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片結構疏松、柔軟、彈(dan)性好。單葉(xie)(xie)(xie)重:下(xia)部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)7~9g,中部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)9~12g,上部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)10~15g。
2、內(nei)(nei)在品質指標濰(wei)坊烤煙內(nei)(nei)在化學成分協調,具有香氣質好(hao)、香氣量足(zu),吃味(wei)醇和(he)(he),煙味(wei)濃(nong)厚,勁(jing)頭適(shi)中(zhong),燃燒性(xing)強,煙灰呈(cheng)灰白色,煙葉(xie)松散性(xing)狀好(hao),葉(xie)片不易粘(zhan)結,便于長期(qi)儲存的(de)(de)(de)風格(ge)特(te)征,與國內(nei)(nei)外各產區煙葉(xie)有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)配伍性(xing),工業可用(yong)性(xing)高(gao)(gao),是(shi)中(zhong)、高(gao)(gao)檔卷煙的(de)(de)(de)必備原料。尤以濃(nong)香風格(ge)特(te)征突出,是(shi)“中(zhong)式濃(nong)香低害(hai)”特(te)征的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)檔卷煙品牌的(de)(de)(de)主要原料,符合當前和(he)(he)今(jin)后高(gao)(gao)檔卷煙的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢和(he)(he)市場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu),具有較為廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)前景。
3、安全要求:農藥殘留(liu):符合《Q/WYS3-1.10-2011煙(yan)草農藥合理使用(yong)規(gui)范(fan)》和《Q/WYS4-1.01-2009煙(yan)葉產品質量(liang)要求》的規(gui)定(ding)。重(zhong)金(jin)屬:符合國(guo)家食品衛(wei)生標準(zhun)相應對重(zhong)金(jin)屬限量(liang)的規(gui)定(ding)。
四特定生產方式
1、品(pin)種選擇:推廣NC55、NC102、K326、魯(lu)煙(yan)1號、云煙(yan)87等優良品(pin)種要求生長整齊一致,分(fen)層(ceng)落黃明顯、抗病性(xing)強、易烘烤、出絲率高、香(xiang)氣質好(hao),香(xiang)氣量足,吃味醇和、煙(yan)味濃厚。
2、產地選擇:滿足(zu)氣候、土壤、輪作、環境(jing)質(zhi)量,禁用環境(jing)條件等(deng)要求。
3、采收(shou)、烘烤(kao)及(ji)收(shou)購:滿足(zu)采收(shou)、煙(yan)葉烘烤(kao)、煙(yan)葉收(shou)購等條件。
五.包裝標識相關規定
濰(wei)市境(jing)域范(fan)圍內所有煙草系列產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)經營者,在烤(kao)煙包裝上使用已獲登記(ji)保護的“濰(wei)坊烤(kao)煙”農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)及(ji)其圖案,需向登記(ji)證書持有人濰(wei)坊市煙葉協(xie)會提(ti)出申請(qing),并按照相關要求規范(fan)生產(chan)和使用標志(zhi),統一(yi)采用產(chan)品(pin)名稱和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)公(gong)共標志(zhi)相結合的標識(shi)標注(zhu)方法。