一.產品介紹
福山栽(zai)培大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)已有140多年(nian)的歷史,是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)的發祥地。福山大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)以(yi)其艷麗(li)的外(wai)觀、優(you)良的品(pin)質(zhi)、獨特的風味(wei)享譽海(hai)內(nei)外(wai),被(bei)譽為(wei)“果中(zhong)珍品(pin)”、“北方春果第一枝”。目(mu)前全(quan)區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)栽(zai)培面(mian)積10.3萬(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)4.53萬(wan)噸(dun),總(zong)產(chan)值(zhi)為(wei)5.07億元,是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)范(fan)圍內(nei)規模最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)、產(chan)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)高、品(pin)種最(zui)(zui)全(quan)、質(zhi)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)優(you)的大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)標(biao)準化生產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)。福山區(qu)(qu)曾兩次獲得“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)之鄉”稱號;在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際農(nong)業(ye)博覽會(hui)上,福山大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)有多個品(pin)種被(bei)評為(wei)金(jin)獎、銀獎和(he)(he)名(ming)牌產(chan)品(pin);2007年(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)果品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)協(xie)會(hui)授予中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)質(zhi)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)基地重(zhong)點縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu));2010年(nian)福山區(qu)(qu)張格莊鎮(zhen)分別被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園藝學會(hui)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)分會(hui)和(he)(he)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)果品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)協(xie)會(hui)授予中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)第一鎮(zhen)稱號;中(zhong)央(yang)電視臺2010年(nian)度魅力農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)評選,福山大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)獲“最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)人氣(qi)獎”,2011年(nian)福山大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)注冊了國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家工商總(zong)局的地理標(biao)志,福山區(qu)(qu)被(bei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)業(ye)部確定為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)準化示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:煙臺(tai)市福(fu)(fu)山(shan)區(qu)屬低(di)山(shan)丘(qiu)陵區(qu),山(shan)丘(qiu)起伏(fu),溝壑縱橫,地貌大致(zhi)是六(liu)山(shan)一(yi)水(shui)三分田。地形呈西、南高,東、北低(di),由西南向東北傾斜。淺(qian)山(shan)區(qu)165.61平方公里(li),占(zhan)34.3%;丘(qiu)陵區(qu)205.2平方公里(li),占(zhan)42.5%;平原(yuan)區(qu)112.02平方公里(li),占(zhan)23.2%。自南而北依次(ci)為丘(qiu)陵、平原(yuan),福(fu)(fu)山(shan)大櫻桃主要產(chan)于南部和西部的低(di)山(shan)丘(qiu)陵地區(qu),該(gai)范圍內(nei)土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃、水(shui)利(li)條(tiao)件良好,生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)優美。大櫻桃主產(chan)區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)棕壤(rang)土(tu)為主,椐測(ce)定有機質含量1.2%以(yi)上,含氮0.12%,含磷(lin)0.3%,速(su)效(xiao)磷(lin)大于80mg/kg,速(su)效(xiao)鉀大于120mg/kg,土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚,土(tu)質疏(shu)松(song),保水(shui)保肥(fei)能力強,適(shi)合果(guo)樹生(sheng)長(chang)。
2、水文情況:區內水利條件(jian)優(you)越,地下水源(yuan)充(chong)足,農(nong)田排(pai)灌設施配套水質清澈,無(wu)污染,完全達(da)到了旱能(neng)(neng)澆、澇能(neng)(neng)排(pai)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖半濕潤易旱區(qu),其(qi)特(te)點:四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明,雨水豐沛,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度適中(zhong),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)濕潤,冬(dong)不甚冷,夏(xia)(xia)不太熱,適宜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶各類植物(wu)生長(chang)。無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)221天(tian)。氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雨雪,春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多風(feng),夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎熱多雨,秋季(ji)(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽(shuang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da),有利(li)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)桃的(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育。光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao):本(ben)區(qu)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源豐富,日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)間長(chang),光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足,有利(li)于果樹(shu)光(guang)合作用,常年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)2672.2小(xiao)時(shi),占全年可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)間的(de)60%。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度:年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.5℃,7月份最高(gao)25.2℃,1 月份最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-3.4℃。無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)221天(tian),自然農(nong)耕期(qi)長(chang)達290天(tian)左(zuo)右。夜間涼爽(shuang),晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da),有利(li)于果樹(shu)養分積累。水:降水偏(pian)少,因多集中(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji),年均(jun)(jun)變化大(da)(da),降水不穩定(ding),年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)709.9毫米。
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷史情況(kuang):福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)距今已(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)130多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)歷史。1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳教士攜首批大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在(zai)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)進行栽(zai)培(pei),之(zhi)后(hou)又不斷引進品(pin)種擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)栽(zai)培(pei)面(mian)積(ji),至(zhi)(zhi)今已(yi)(yi)(yi)形成一(yi)定規(gui)(gui)模。福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)優質(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),成熟早,營養價值(zhi)高,素(su)有(you)“春(chun)果第一(yi)枝(zhi)”的(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。進入八、九十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區果業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)重點由蘋果轉向大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)面(mian)積(ji)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增加(jia),管理(li)技(ji)術(shu)不斷提高。特別(bie)是近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,隨(sui)著(zhu)我市農業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)推廣(guang)力度的(de)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)(hua)管理(li)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)經營、品(pin)牌(pai)化(hua)(hua)運作已(yi)(yi)(yi)漸成規(gui)(gui)模,先后(hou)有(you)“福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)洋(yang)”、“錦程”、“仙渡”“張(zhang)格(ge)莊(zhuang)”等10多個(ge)品(pin)牌(pai)通過了商標注冊,有(you)2個(ge)已(yi)(yi)(yi)獲(huo)得(de)綠色(se)(se)(se)食品(pin)認(ren)證,4個(ge)正在(zai)爭取綠色(se)(se)(se)食品(pin)和(he)無公害(hai)認(ren)證。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue),在(zai)第二屆中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博覽會(hui)(hui)上,福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)獲(huo)三金、四銀、一(yi)銅8塊(kuai)獎牌(pai),1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)農業(ye)(ye)博覽會(hui)(hui)上,雷尼和(he)艷陽(yang)分別(bie)獲(huo)名牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)稱(cheng)號。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)命名組委會(hui)(hui)授(shou)予(yu)(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),又被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)開發服務協會(hui)(hui)授(shou)予(yu)(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”榮譽(yu)稱(cheng)號,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)果品(pin)流通協會(hui)(hui)授(shou)予(yu)(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)基地(di)(di)重點縣(區)。至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci),福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)已(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)具有(you)了較高知名度。為確保福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)質(zhi)量,將福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提升(sheng)到一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)高度,我區先后(hou)創建了福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)新(xin)壚上、門(men)樓兩(liang)甲、回里(li)東(dong)黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、高疃丁(ding)家(jia)夼、張(zhang)格(ge)莊(zhuang)下官樂5個(ge)市級(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范基地(di)(di),在(zai)基地(di)(di)范圍內先后(hou)示(shi)范、推廣(guang)應用了增施(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥、頻振式殺蟲燈(deng)、性誘劑、防蟲網(wang)、色(se)(se)(se)板誘殺等新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)新(xin)方法,完全實(shi)現了以施(shi)用有(you)機(ji)肥料(liao)和(he)實(shi)施(shi)生物防治為主,使用綠色(se)(se)(se)食品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)的(de)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模式,使福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)得(de)到進一(yi)步提升(sheng)。
三.地域范圍
福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻桃(tao)的地(di)域保護范圍(wei)為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省煙臺(tai)市福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)境(jing)內。地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei):北(bei)緯37°14′-37°39′,東(dong)(dong)經121°02′-121°22′,境(jing)內東(dong)(dong)南至西(xi)北(bei)最大(da)縱距(ju)(ju)45km,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)最大(da)橫距(ju)(ju)20km。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)482.83平方千米,產地(di)面(mian)積(ji)6667公頃,主要涉及煙臺(tai)市福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)的回里、門樓(lou)、張格莊、高疃(tuan)、清洋、福(fu)新6個鄉(xiang)鎮(街道辦事處),共(gong)計231個行政村。年(nian)產量30076噸,年(nian)銷(xiao)售額(e)32800萬元。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、產(chan)地選擇與特殊內(nei)容規定:福(fu)山大櫻桃的產(chan)地宜(yi)選擇在生(sheng)態條件良好,遠離污染源,具(ju)有(you)可持續生(sheng)產(chan)能力的農業生(sheng)產(chan)區域(yu)。
2、品種選擇與特定(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):福山大櫻桃應選擇大果型品種,近一兩(liang)年推廣(guang)的(de)優質高(gao)產(chan)品種有(you)紅燈、先鋒、雷(lei)尼、拉賓斯、美早(zao)、薩米脫等。
3、生(sheng)產過程管理(li)(li),包括(kuo)農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)用規(gui)定:福山大(da)櫻桃(tao)的(de)生(sheng)產過程包括(kuo)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)、整(zheng)形修剪(jian)、花(hua)(hua)果(guo)管理(li)(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi):大(da)櫻桃(tao)的(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)時(shi)間一般在3月(yue)底4月(yue)初,栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)溝內施(shi)入(ru)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)株行距一般為(wei)3×4米,主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)種與(yu)授(shou)粉(fen)樹(shu)比例不少(shao)于4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),混(hun)加(jia)少(shao)量氮素化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一般盛果(guo)期(qi)果(guo)園每666.7平方(fang)米施(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)用方(fang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)溝施(shi)或撒(sa)施(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位(wei)在樹(shu)冠(guan)投影范圍內。溝施(shi)為(wei)挖放射(she)狀溝,溝深20-30cm;撒(sa)施(shi)為(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻撒(sa)于樹(shu)冠(guan)下,并(bing)翻深20cm。土壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每年3次,第(di)一次在萌芽前后,以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),第(di)二次在花(hua)(hua)芽分化(hua)及(ji)(ji)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),氮磷(lin)鉀混(hun)合使(shi)用;第(di)三(san)次在果(guo)實(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)后期(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。葉面(mian)噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次,一般生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)前期(qi)2次,以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu);后期(qi)2-3次,以(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)補施(shi)果(guo)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育所需的(de)微量元素。大(da)櫻桃(tao)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)四次,分別為(wei)花(hua)(hua)前水(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)后水(shui)(shui)(shui)和封凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)。另外,雨(yu)季要(yao)注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇。整(zheng)形修剪(jian):冬季修剪(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是剪(jian)除病(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季修剪(jian)注意拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)角、摘心控長(chang)(chang),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)疏除樹(shu)冠(guan)內直立旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密生(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和剪(jian)鋸口處(chu)的(de)萌蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)增加(jia)樹(shu)冠(guan)內通風量。花(hua)(hua)果(guo)管理(li)(li):重點抓好疏花(hua)(hua)疏果(guo)、人(ren)工輔助授(shou)粉(fen),防(fang)止晚霜凍害及(ji)(ji)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi):以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)業和物理(li)(li)防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎,生(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)核心,按照病(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)規(gui)律(lv),科學(xue)(xue)(xue)使(shi)用化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)防(fang)治(zhi)技術,有(you)效控制病(bing)蟲(chong)危害。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)地選擇(ze)與特殊內容規(gui)定:福(fu)山大(da)櫻桃的(de)產(chan)地宜(yi)選擇(ze)在生(sheng)(sheng)態條件良好,遠離污染源,具有可持續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力的(de)農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)區域。
2、品種選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特定要求:福山大櫻(ying)桃應選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)大果型品種,近一兩年推廣(guang)的優質高產(chan)品種有(you)紅燈、先鋒(feng)、雷尼、拉賓斯(si)、美早、薩(sa)米脫等(deng)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理,包括(kuo)農(nong)(nong)業投入品方(fang)面的(de)特(te)殊(shu)使(shi)用規定:福山(shan)大(da)(da)櫻桃的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)包括(kuo)栽植、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理、整(zheng)形修剪、花(hua)(hua)果(guo)管(guan)理、病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。栽植:大(da)(da)櫻桃的(de)栽植時間一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)底4月(yue)(yue)初,栽植溝(gou)內(nei)施(shi)(shi)入有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),栽植株行距一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3×4米(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)栽品種與授粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)比例不少于(yu)4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理:基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),混加少量氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)期(qi)果(guo)園每666.7平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),施(shi)(shi)2000-3000kg有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)用方(fang)法以(yi)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)或撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投影范圍內(nei)。溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)挖放射狀溝(gou),溝(gou)深20-30cm;撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)均勻撒(sa)于(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)下,并翻深20cm。土壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每年(nian)3次(ci),第(di)一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)萌芽前(qian)后(hou),以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),第(di)二(er)次(ci)在(zai)花(hua)(hua)芽分化及(ji)果(guo)實膨大(da)(da)期(qi),以(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),氮磷(lin)鉀混合(he)使(shi)用;第(di)三次(ci)在(zai)果(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期(qi),以(yi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。葉面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)年(nian)4-5次(ci),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)前(qian)期(qi)2次(ci),以(yi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu);后(hou)期(qi)2-3次(ci),以(yi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可補施(shi)(shi)果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育所需(xu)的(de)微量元素。大(da)(da)櫻桃灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要有四次(ci),分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)前(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬(ying)核水(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)后(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和封(feng)凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)。另(ling)外,雨季要注意及(ji)時排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。整(zheng)形修剪:冬(dong)季修剪主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)剪除病蟲(chong)(chong)枝。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季修剪注意拉枝開角、摘心控長(chang),及(ji)時疏(shu)(shu)除樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)直立旺(wang)枝、密生(sheng)(sheng)枝和剪鋸口(kou)處的(de)萌蘗枝等(deng),以(yi)增加樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)內(nei)通風量。花(hua)(hua)果(guo)管(guan)理:重點抓好疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)、人工(gong)輔(fu)助(zhu)授粉(fen)(fen),防(fang)(fang)止晚霜凍害(hai)及(ji)科學澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):以(yi)農(nong)(nong)業和物理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心,按照病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規律,科學使(shi)用化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu),有效控制病蟲(chong)(chong)危害(hai)。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
同一品種根據果個大小分(fen)級。樹磨和(he)枝磨等(deng)機械損傷、病蟲傷的不合(he)(he)格另行處理。包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)必須符(fu)合(he)(he)國家強(qiang)制性技(ji)術規范(fan)要求。包裝(zhuang)前必須嚴格挑選,然后裝(zhuang)入(ru)包裝(zhuang)箱。