一.產品介紹
福(fu)山(shan)栽(zai)培(pei)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)已有140多年(nian)(nian)的歷史,是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)的發祥地(di)(di)。福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)以其艷麗的外觀、優良的品(pin)(pin)質、獨(du)特的風味享(xiang)譽(yu)海內(nei)外,被(bei)譽(yu)為(wei)“果中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍品(pin)(pin)”、“北方春果第(di)一枝”。目前全(quan)(quan)區(qu)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)栽(zai)培(pei)面(mian)積10.3萬(wan)畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)4.53萬(wan)噸,總(zong)產(chan)值為(wei)5.07億元,是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)規模最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)、產(chan)量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)全(quan)(quan)、質量(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)優的大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生產(chan)示范(fan)(fan)區(qu)。福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)曾兩次獲得(de)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)之鄉”稱號;在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際農業博覽會(hui)上,福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)有多個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)被(bei)評為(wei)金(jin)獎、銀(yin)獎和名(ming)牌產(chan)品(pin)(pin);2007年(nian)(nian)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)協會(hui)授(shou)予(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)優質大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)基地(di)(di)重點縣(xian)(區(qu));2010年(nian)(nian)福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)張(zhang)格莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)分(fen)別被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)藝學會(hui)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)分(fen)會(hui)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果品(pin)(pin)流通(tong)協會(hui)授(shou)予(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)第(di)一鎮(zhen)(zhen)稱號;中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央電視臺2010年(nian)(nian)度魅力農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)評選,福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)獲“最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)佳(jia)人氣獎”,2011年(nian)(nian)福(fu)山(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)注冊了國(guo)家工商總(zong)局的地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農業部(bu)確(que)定(ding)為(wei)國(guo)家級大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)農業標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化示范(fan)(fan)區(qu)。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):煙臺市福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)屬低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區(qu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘起伏(fu),溝壑(he)縱橫,地貌(mao)大(da)致是六山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)水(shui)(shui)三分(fen)田。地形(xing)呈(cheng)西、南(nan)高,東、北低,由西南(nan)向東北傾斜。淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)165.61平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占34.3%;丘陵區(qu)205.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占42.5%;平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)112.02平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占23.2%。自南(nan)而北依次為丘陵、平(ping)(ping)原(yuan),福(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻桃主要產于(yu)南(nan)部和西部的(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵地區(qu),該范(fan)圍內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)沃、水(shui)(shui)利條件良好(hao),生態環(huan)境優美。大(da)櫻桃主產區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤以(yi)棕壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,椐測定有機(ji)質含量1.2%以(yi)上,含氮0.12%,含磷0.3%,速(su)效磷大(da)于(yu)80mg/kg,速(su)效鉀大(da)于(yu)120mg/kg,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松,保水(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)能(neng)力強,適合果樹生長。
2、水文情況:區內水利條件(jian)優越,地下水源充(chong)足(zu),農田(tian)排灌設施配套水質清澈,無污染,完(wan)全達(da)到(dao)了旱能(neng)澆、澇(lao)能(neng)排。
3、氣(qi)候情況:屬溫暖半濕(shi)(shi)潤易(yi)旱區,其特點:四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming),雨水豐沛,溫度(du)適(shi)中(zhong),空氣(qi)濕(shi)(shi)潤,冬不甚(shen)冷,夏不太熱(re),適(shi)宜溫帶各(ge)類植(zhi)物(wu)生長。無霜(shuang)期平(ping)均(jun)221天(tian)。氣(qi)候溫和,四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming),冬季(ji)寒冷少(shao)雨雪,春季(ji)干旱多(duo)風(feng),夏季(ji)炎熱(re)多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)天(tian)高氣(qi)爽溫差大,有(you)利(li)大櫻桃的生長發育。光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao):本(ben)區光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源(yuan)豐富,日照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu),有(you)利(li)于(yu)果樹光(guang)合(he)作用(yong),常年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數為2672.2小時,占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)可照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)的60%。溫度(du):年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫11.5℃,7月份最高25.2℃,1 月份最低氣(qi)溫-3.4℃。無霜(shuang)期平(ping)均(jun)221天(tian),自然農耕期長達290天(tian)左右。夜間(jian)涼爽,晝夜溫差大,有(you)利(li)于(yu)果樹養分(fen)積累。水:降水偏少(shao),因(yin)多(duo)集中(zhong)夏季(ji),年(nian)均(jun)變化(hua)大,降水不穩定,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量709.9毫米。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)距(ju)今(jin)已(yi)有(you)130多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷史(shi)。1871年(nian)(nian)(nian),美(mei)國(guo)(guo)傳教士攜首批大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)進行栽(zai)培(pei)(pei),之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)又不(bu)斷引進品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)面(mian)(mian)積,至今(jin)已(yi)形成一定規(gui)模(mo)。福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)優質(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan),成熟早,營(ying)養價值高,素有(you)“春果第一枝”的(de)(de)美(mei)譽。進入八、九十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)果業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)重點(dian)由蘋果轉向(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)面(mian)(mian)積逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增加(jia),管(guan)理技術(shu)不(bu)斷提高。特別是近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai),隨著(zhu)我(wo)市農(nong)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)推(tui)廣力度的(de)(de)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da),福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)(hua)運作已(yi)漸成規(gui)模(mo),先后(hou)有(you)“福(fu)(fu)洋(yang)”、“錦程”、“仙渡”“張格莊(zhuang)”等10多個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌通(tong)過了(le)商標(biao)(biao)注冊,有(you)2個(ge)已(yi)獲得綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,4個(ge)正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)爭(zheng)取綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)無公害認(ren)證。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue),在(zai)(zai)(zai)第二屆(jie)中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)上(shang),福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)獲三金、四銀(yin)、一銅8塊獎(jiang)牌,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)上(shang),雷尼和(he)艷陽分別獲名(ming)牌產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)稱號(hao)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian),福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)特產(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)命名(ming)組委會(hui)授(shou)予“中國(guo)(guo)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”榮譽稱號(hao),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian),又被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)開發服務協會(hui)授(shou)予“中國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”榮譽稱號(hao),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)果品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)流通(tong)協會(hui)授(shou)予“中國(guo)(guo)優質(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)基地(di)重點(dian)縣(區(qu))。至此,福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)具(ju)有(you)了(le)較高知(zhi)名(ming)度。為(wei)確保福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量,將福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)提升到一個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)高度,我(wo)區(qu)先后(hou)創(chuang)建了(le)福(fu)(fu)新(xin)壚上(shang)、門樓兩甲、回(hui)里(li)東(dong)黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)、高疃丁家夼、張格莊(zhuang)下官樂5個(ge)市級大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)基地(di),在(zai)(zai)(zai)基地(di)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)內先后(hou)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)、推(tui)廣應用了(le)增施(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)、頻振式殺蟲燈、性誘劑、防蟲網(wang)、色(se)板(ban)誘殺等新(xin)技術(shu)和(he)新(xin)方法,完(wan)全(quan)實現了(le)以施(shi)(shi)用有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料和(he)實施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)物防治(zhi)為(wei)主,使用綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)資料的(de)(de)福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)式,使福(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)得到進一步提升。
三.地域范圍
福(fu)山大(da)櫻桃(tao)的地域(yu)保護范圍(wei)為山東省煙臺市福(fu)山區(qu)境內。地理坐(zuo)標為:北緯37°14′-37°39′,東經121°02′-121°22′,境內東南至(zhi)西(xi)北最(zui)(zui)大(da)縱距45km,東西(xi)最(zui)(zui)大(da)橫距20km。全區(qu)總面積482.83平(ping)方千米,產(chan)地面積6667公頃,主要涉及煙臺市福(fu)山區(qu)的回里、門樓、張格莊、高疃、清洋、福(fu)新6個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(街道辦(ban)事處),共計231個(ge)行政村。年產(chan)量30076噸,年銷售額32800萬元。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇與特(te)殊內容規定:福山大櫻(ying)桃的產(chan)地(di)宜選擇在生態(tai)條件良(liang)好(hao),遠離(li)污染源,具(ju)有可持續(xu)生產(chan)能力的農業生產(chan)區域(yu)。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇與特定要求:福山大(da)櫻桃應選(xuan)擇大(da)果(guo)型品(pin)(pin)種,近一兩年推廣的(de)優質高產品(pin)(pin)種有(you)紅燈、先鋒、雷尼、拉賓斯、美(mei)早、薩(sa)米脫等。
3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)(li),包括農(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)(pin)方面的特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規定:福山大(da)櫻(ying)桃的生(sheng)產過(guo)程包括栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)、整(zheng)形修(xiu)剪(jian)、花果(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害防(fang)(fang)治等(deng)。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi):大(da)櫻(ying)桃的栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)時間一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在3月(yue)底4月(yue)初(chu),栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)內施(shi)(shi)(shi)入有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)行距一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3×4米,主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種與授(shou)粉樹(shu)比例不(bu)少于(yu)4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),混加少量氮素(su)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)園(yuan)每666.7平(ping)方米施(shi)(shi)(shi)2000-3000kg有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法以溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)或撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在樹(shu)冠投影范(fan)圍內。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)挖(wa)放射(she)狀溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)20-30cm;撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)均勻撒于(yu)樹(shu)冠下,并翻深(shen)20cm。土壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每年3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在萌(meng)芽前后(hou),以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在花芽分化及(ji)果(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi),以磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),氮磷鉀(jia)混合使用(yong)(yong);第三次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在果(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi),以鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)生(sheng)長(chang)前期(qi)(qi)(qi)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu);后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可補施(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)發育所需的微量元素(su)。大(da)櫻(ying)桃灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有四(si)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)花前水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、采(cai)后(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和封(feng)凍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。另外,雨季要(yao)注意及(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。整(zheng)形修(xiu)剪(jian):冬季修(xiu)剪(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是剪(jian)除病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲枝(zhi)。生(sheng)長(chang)季修(xiu)剪(jian)注意拉枝(zhi)開角、摘心(xin)控長(chang),及(ji)時疏(shu)除樹(shu)冠內直立旺枝(zhi)、密(mi)生(sheng)枝(zhi)和剪(jian)鋸口處(chu)的萌(meng)蘗(bo)枝(zhi)等(deng),以增加樹(shu)冠內通風量。花果(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)(li):重點(dian)抓好疏(shu)花疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)、人工輔助授(shou)粉,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)晚霜凍害及(ji)科學澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害防(fang)(fang)治:以農(nong)業(ye)和物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin),按照病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害的發生(sheng)規律,科學使用(yong)(yong)化學防(fang)(fang)治技術,有效控制病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲危害。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)(chan)地選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容(rong)規定:福山大櫻(ying)桃的產(chan)(chan)地宜選擇(ze)在生(sheng)(sheng)態條件良好,遠離污染源(yuan),具有可持續生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力的農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區域。
2、品種選擇(ze)與特定要求:福(fu)山大櫻桃應選擇(ze)大果(guo)型品種,近一兩年推(tui)廣(guang)的優質高產品種有紅燈、先(xian)鋒、雷尼、拉賓斯、美早、薩米脫等。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)理(li),包括農(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品方面(mian)的(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)規定:福山大(da)櫻(ying)桃的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程包括栽(zai)植(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)、整(zheng)形修(xiu)剪(jian)、花(hua)果(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)、病(bing)(bing)蟲害防治(zhi)等。栽(zai)植(zhi):大(da)櫻(ying)桃的(de)栽(zai)植(zhi)時間一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)底(di)4月(yue)初(chu),栽(zai)植(zhi)溝(gou)內(nei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei),栽(zai)植(zhi)株行距(ju)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3×4米,主栽(zai)品種與(yu)授粉樹比例不(bu)少于4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li):基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,混(hun)加(jia)少量氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)果(guo)(guo)園每666.7平方米,施(shi)(shi)(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法以溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)或撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)樹冠投影范圍(wei)內(nei)。溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)挖放射狀溝(gou),溝(gou)深(shen)(shen)20-30cm;撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻撒于樹冠下(xia),并翻(fan)深(shen)(shen)20cm。土(tu)壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每年3次(ci)(ci)(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)萌芽前后,以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)芽分化及(ji)(ji)果(guo)(guo)實膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi),以磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,氮磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)混(hun)合使(shi)用(yong);第三次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)長后期(qi)(qi),以鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。葉面(mian)噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)長前期(qi)(qi)2次(ci)(ci)(ci),以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主;后期(qi)(qi)2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci),以磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,可補施(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)樹生(sheng)(sheng)長發育所需的(de)微量元(yuan)素。大(da)櫻(ying)桃灌水(shui)(shui)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)四次(ci)(ci)(ci),分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)前水(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)、采后水(shui)(shui)和(he)封凍水(shui)(shui)。另外,雨季(ji)要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)及(ji)(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)防澇。整(zheng)形修(xiu)剪(jian):冬季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)主要(yao)(yao)是剪(jian)除病(bing)(bing)蟲枝(zhi)。生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)注意(yi)拉枝(zhi)開角、摘心(xin)控長,及(ji)(ji)時疏(shu)(shu)除樹冠內(nei)直(zhi)立旺(wang)枝(zhi)、密生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)和(he)剪(jian)鋸(ju)口處的(de)萌蘗枝(zhi)等,以增加(jia)樹冠內(nei)通風(feng)量。花(hua)果(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li):重點(dian)抓好疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)、人(ren)工(gong)輔助(zhu)授粉,防止(zhi)晚霜凍害及(ji)(ji)科(ke)學(xue)澆水(shui)(shui)等。病(bing)(bing)蟲害防治(zhi):以農(nong)業(ye)和(he)物理(li)防治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎(chu),生(sheng)(sheng)物防治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin),按(an)照病(bing)(bing)蟲害的(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)規律,科(ke)學(xue)使(shi)用(yong)化學(xue)防治(zhi)技術,有(you)(you)效控制病(bing)(bing)蟲危害。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規定
同一品種(zhong)根據果個大小(xiao)分級。樹磨和(he)枝磨等機械(xie)損傷、病蟲(chong)傷的不(bu)合格(ge)另行處理。包裝材(cai)料必須符合國家強制性技術規(gui)范要求。包裝前必須嚴格(ge)挑(tiao)選,然后裝入包裝箱(xiang)。