一.產品介紹
蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)被(bei)譽為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)苗種之鄉”。蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)區(qu)(qu)志(zhi)(zhi) 蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)區(qu)(qu)續(xu)志(zhi)(zhi)(卷(juan)之五(wu)食貨志(zhi)(zhi) 清光緒(xu)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1886年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))魚屬 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)。蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)區(qu)(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(山東省蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)市(shi)史志(zhi)(zhi)編纂(zuan)委員會 編 齊魯(lu)書(shu)社(she)出版(ban)發行1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)) 盛產海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)系國內20余種食用海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)上乘佳(jia)品(pin)(pin),營養(yang)(yang)價值極高。第330頁,第五(wu)節描述(shu),80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),縣內開始養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)等海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)(zhen)品(pin)(pin)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)(zhen)品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)首次在近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)苗種,到1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)苗種220萬頭。增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)內海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量0.1噸,增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)的(de)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產量均(jun)為(wei)0.25噸。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)(zhen)品(pin)(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)進行50畝海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產實驗,1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收獲(huo),效果(guo)頗佳(jia),單位面積(ji)存貨12.9頭/平(ping)方(fang)米,平(ping)均(jun)畝產量18.2公(gong)斤(jin)(干(gan)品(pin)(pin))。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達到800畝,少量采捕400公(gong)斤(jin)(干(gan)品(pin)(pin))。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達到1000畝。煙(yan)臺(tai)水產志(zhi)(zhi)(山東省出版(ban)總社(she)煙(yan)臺(tai)分社(she)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))第67頁描述(shu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)全市(shi)只有(you)刺參(can)一(yi)種。除了萊(lai)陽縣沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)外(wai)其(qi)余各(ge)縣(市(shi)、區(qu)(qu))凡有(you)巖礁、礫石(shi)和大葉藻(zao)叢生的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域,都有(you)分布,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)最多,據調(diao)查,全市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)資源面積(ji)約(yue)8.8萬畝。資源現存量5252噸(鮮品(pin)(pin)),適宜(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采量約(yue)1000噸,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)采捕在民國以(yi)前,靠人力漚水潛底撈取(qu)或在海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面游泳用叉槍刺扎。
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件:蓬(peng)萊市(shi)地(di)渤海(hai)海(hai)峽南岸,膠東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)(ban)島北(bei)部中(zhong)央,海(hai)岸線(xian)全長(chang)60km。屬季(ji)風型大陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候具有(you)溫(wen)和濕潤,四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)變化幅度(du)較(jiao)小(xiao),年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.2℃,年(nian)平均降雨(yu)(yu)640.6mm,7-8月份(fen)為多雨(yu)(yu)季(ji)節(jie),達(da)300-370mm,占全年(nian)總降水量的(de)50-55﹪。由于蓬(peng)萊地(di)處(chu)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)(ban)島北(bei)海(hai)岸,山東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)(ban)島及遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)(ban)島將渤海(hai)環繞其中(zhong),而蓬(peng)萊則伸(shen)入海(hai)中(zhong),受海(hai)洋調節(jie),冬(dong)季(ji)無(wu)嚴寒,夏(xia)季(ji)無(wu)酷(ku)暑(shu),氣(qi)(qi)候涼爽,光照充足,地(di)處(chu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經120°35'~121°09',北(bei)緯37°25'~37°50',37℃的(de)黃金緯度(du)可生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品質極為優良的(de)“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)參(can)”。海(hai)參(can)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)繁殖季(ji)節(jie),溫(wen)度(du)適宜(yi),光照充足,有(you)利于各種餌料生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)繁殖與生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),適宜(yi)的(de)獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件為“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)參(can)”的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)與生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)提供(gong)了基(ji)礎。
2、獨特(te)的(de)底質條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):蓬(peng)萊(lai)沿海(hai)(hai)屬于(yu)基巖海(hai)(hai)岸,由于(yu)山(shan)崖和(he)(he)(he)岬角的(de)延伸,形(xing)成了一(yi)些登州、灣(wan)(wan)子口、銅井、劉家旺、五十里堡等(deng)(deng)天(tian)然的(de)小型港灣(wan)(wan)。沿岸坡度較(jiao)大,礁(jiao)石(shi)較(jiao)多,灘(tan)涂(tu)面積(ji)較(jiao)少,而3-15m等(deng)(deng)深線以內海(hai)(hai)域則多以沙(sha)礫、巖礁(jiao)、貝殼、礫石(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)。灣(wan)(wan)內流緩而暢通(tong),流速(su)緩慢、風浪較(jiao)小的(de)淺海(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)內灣(wan)(wan),其(qi)上分布著各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的(de)大型海(hai)(hai)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)主(zhu)要有鼠尾藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、海(hai)(hai)嵩子、石(shi)莼、條(tiao)(tiao)滸臺、條(tiao)(tiao)斑(ban)紫菜(cai)、石(shi)花(hua)菜(cai)和(he)(he)(he)大葉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)(he)大量(liang)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、圓篩藻(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)(deng)浮游植物和(he)(he)(he)多種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)物, 含泥量(liang)10%以下(xia)(沙(sha)礫為(wei)主(zhu)、泥沙(sha)混合、沙(sha)粒較(jiao)大、細沙(sha)和(he)(he)(he)粉沙(sha)含量(liang)少)最(zui)適宜海(hai)(hai)參棲息(xi)礁(jiao)石(shi)形(xing)態各(ge)異、大小不(bu)等(deng)(deng),交錯排列,形(xing)成很多縫隙、孔洞的(de)礁(jiao)石(shi),這不(bu)僅(jin)為(wei)“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”生(sheng)(sheng)長提供(gong)了充足(zu)的(de)餌料,同時也為(wei)“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”提供(gong)了良好的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存繁衍的(de)環境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。
3、獨(du)(du)特的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條件:蓬(peng)萊(lai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)屬于正規(gui)半日(ri)潮(chao),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)大(da)潮(chao)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)169cm,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)小(xiao)(xiao)潮(chao)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)139cm,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面100cm,潮(chao)流(liu)(liu)從低潮(chao)開始(shi)為(wei)(wei)東流(liu)(liu),在(zai)高潮(chao)前0.5-1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)轉(zhuan)西流(liu)(liu),東流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),西流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較(jiao)大(da),最大(da)2.3節,但是不規(gui)則(ze)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年透明(ming)度變(bian)化范圍為(wei)(wei)90-380cm,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫為(wei)(wei)12.2℃,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)PH值為(wei)(wei)8.2;鹽度為(wei)(wei)28.8-31.7‰,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)溶(rong)解(jie)氧(yang)年變(bian)化范圍8.9-12.8。所以(yi)說蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)浪流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃而清新,無污(wu)染源。“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)”屬狹鹽性動物(wu),生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)潮(chao)流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清澈、無大(da)量淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)注入的(de)(de)(de)巖礁(jiao)底或沙底。其生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)區(qu)多富有(you)底棲硅藻(zao)(zao)及(ji)大(da)型(xing)藻(zao)(zao)類。幼小(xiao)(xiao)個(ge)體多生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)大(da)葉(xie)藻(zao)(zao)基部及(ji)礁(jiao)石、礫石下,成年個(ge)體逐漸(jian)移向深水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu),即(ji)分布(bu)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深8~20m的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)底。獨(du)(du)特的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條件為(wei)(wei)“蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)”的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長棲息提供了(le)天然的(de)(de)(de)有(you)利條件,可以(yi)生(sheng)產品質(zhi)(zhi)優的(de)(de)(de)”蓬(peng)萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)”。
三.地域范圍
“蓬萊海(hai)參”的生產地(di)域范圍是:蓬萊閣街(jie)道(西(xi)莊(zhuang)村、林格(ge)莊(zhuang)村)、新港(gang)街(jie)道(矯格(ge)莊(zhuang)村、大皂孫家(jia)村、灣子(zi)口村、趙格(ge)莊(zhuang)村、銅井村、營子(zi)里村、劉家(jia)旺村)、劉家(jia)溝鎮(東趙村、木基(ji)遲家(jia)村、南吳家(jia)村、解宋營西(xi)村、解宋營東村、朱家(jia)莊(zhuang)村、墟里村、海(hai)頭(tou)村)、潮水鎮(衙前村)周圍海(hai)域。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經120°40'32.25"-121°01'26.23",北緯37°42'39.01"-37°50'43.45"。地(di)域保護養殖面(mian)積(ji)1萬公(gong)頃,年產量(liang)5000噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特色:體形肥滿、圓(yuan)筒(tong)狀(zhuang),體長一(yi)般20-40cm,體寬3~6cm,體表亮潔呈黃褐色或(huo)栗黑(hei)色。背面稍隆起(qi),上(shang)有4~6行挺直(zhi)圓(yuan)錐形的(de)(de)肉(rou)刺(疣突)。腹面色淺,一(yi)般呈淺黃褐色。具有海參特有的(de)(de)海鮮(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei),無異味(wei)(wei)(wei)。 內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:口感清(qing)爽,味(wei)(wei)(wei)道鮮(xian)美(mei),營養豐富,鮮(xian)參含有蛋白質(zhi)≥5.00g/100g、脂肪≤0.10g/100g、鈣≥30mg/100g、鋅≥3.0mg/kg。
2、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding):嚴格按照以上“特定(ding)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式”中(zhong)(zhong)所提到的產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境、育(yu)苗(miao)和養殖中(zhong)(zhong)的技術要(yao)求(qiu)從(cong)事(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營,嚴格執行《中(zhong)(zhong)華人民(min)(min)共和國食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)華人民(min)(min)共和國農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》、GB18406.4《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)水產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)》、NY5052《無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)海水養殖用水水質(zhi)標準》、NY5328《無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)海參》、NY 5071《無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)漁用藥物使用準則》、NY 5073《無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)水產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物質(zhi)限量(liang)(liang)(liang)》中(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)的各(ge)項技術標準。按照上述各(ge)項標準要(yao)求(qiu),制訂質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理細則,強(qiang)化完善質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理制度,確(que)保“蓬萊海參”的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產(chan)方式(shi)
1、產地(di)環境(jing):蓬萊沿海(hai)海(hai)區自(zi)然生態環境(jing)優良,遠離大(da)江大(da)河(he),受工(gong)業“三廢”及農(nong)業、城鎮生活污水的影響很小。水溫(wen)適宜,浮游生物豐富,海(hai)區水質符合NY5052的規(gui)定要求(qiu),為“蓬萊海(hai)參”的繁衍生長創造了得天獨(du)厚的自(zi)然環境(jing)條件。
2、育苗和養(yang)(yang)殖:親參和育苗按SC/T 2003.1、SC/T 2003.2技術(shu)規范實施。常(chang)溫育苗于五月下旬(xun)開(kai)始,升溫育苗于三月上(shang)旬(xun)開(kai)始,人工育苗是從(cong)受精卵培養(yang)(yang)到五觸(chu)手幼體,然后進入(ru)養(yang)(yang)苗階(jie)段,到體長1cm以(yi)上(shang)可(ke)以(yi)移到室外(wai)池塘(tang)中(zhong)間(jian)育成,體長到3-5cm可(ke)以(yi)投放到工廠化養(yang)(yang)殖、池塘(tang)養(yang)(yang)殖、海上(shang)網箱、筏(fa)式養(yang)(yang)殖和自然海域(yu)人工增養(yang)(yang)殖。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規(gui)定
在產(chan)(chan)區地(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)所(suo)有(you)從事(shi)“蓬(peng)萊海參”生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者,在產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)包裝(zhuang)上使用已獲登記保護的(de)“蓬(peng)萊海參”地(di)理標志,須向(xiang)蓬(peng)萊市漁(yu)業協會(hui)提出申請,并按照相關要求(qiu)規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和使用標志,標志使用單位(wei)應(ying)在其產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)外包裝(zhuang)上統一(yi)使用水產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志(“蓬(peng)萊海參“名稱和農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志公共標識圖(tu)案組合標注型式):
(1)包(bao)裝:所用包(bao)裝材料要做(zuo)到(dao)堅固、潔(jie)凈、無毒、無異味(wei)。內(nei)包(bao)裝采用清潔(jie)無毒的(de)塑料袋(dai)。所有包(bao)裝物符合GB7718的(de)規(gui)定。
(2)包裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)識(shi):按GB7718的規定(ding),產品外包裝(zhuang)上標(biao)(biao)明產品名稱(cheng)(cheng)、產品等(deng)級(ji)、商標(biao)(biao)、條形(xing)碼、食(shi)用方法(fa)、貯存(cun)指南、單位名稱(cheng)(cheng)、單位地址、產品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)標(biao)(biao)號(hao)、生產日(ri)期(qi)、批(pi)號(hao)、毛重(㎏)、聯系電話(hua)等(deng)。
(3)貯(zhu)存(cun):貯(zhu)存(cun)環境潔凈衛(wei)生、陰(yin)涼、無毒、無異味,符合(he)技(ji)術規范(fan)的技(ji)術要求(qiu)、執行嚴格的衛(wei)生制度。遠離有毒有害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)及防(fang)止其(qi)他損害(hai)。
(4)運(yun)輸(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)工具清潔、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味(wei),禁止與有(you)毒、有(you)害(hai)或有(you)腐蝕性的(de)物(wu)品混運(yun),運(yun)輸(shu)途(tu)中防止日曬雨淋、蟲害(hai)、有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質的(de)污染及包裝物(wu)的(de)機械損(sun)傷(shang)。