明(ming)(ming)水香(xiang)稻(dao),因產于濟(ji)南章丘(qiu)市明(ming)(ming)水鎮(zhen)而得(de)名(ming),是山東省(sheng)的(de)著名(ming)特產之一。其粒微黃(huang)、呈(cheng)半透明(ming)(ming)狀,顆(ke)粒飽滿(man)、米質堅硬、色澤透明(ming)(ming)、油潤光亮(liang);米飯(fan)吃起來十分爽口,清香(xiang)之氣能令人食欲大增(zeng),回味無窮,所(suo)以濟(ji)南百姓俗稱“香(xiang)米”。具有很高營養功效,是補充營養素的(de)基礎食物。
生長環境
章丘市(shi)位于山東(dong)(dong)省中(zhong)部(bu),濟南(nan)市(shi)區東(dong)(dong)50公(gong)里(li)處(chu),南(nan)北長70公(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)西寬(kuan)37公(gong)里(li),總(zong)面(mian)積1855平方公(gong)里(li)。從地(di)貌的(de)(de)角(jiao)度來看,章丘屬于魯(lu)西斷塊區,在(zai)(zai)魯(lu)西斷塊區的(de)(de)泰魯(lu)塊隆內(nei),古生(sheng)代(dai)地(di)層由新到老(lao)出(chu)(chu)露,最老(lao)的(de)(de)為中(zhong)上寒(han)武系的(de)(de)灰(hui)巖(yan)出(chu)(chu)露構成南(nan)部(bu)小(xiao)區:泥盆系中(zhong)、上石灰(hui)巖(yan)系沙頁巖(yan)出(chu)(chu)露于明(ming)水(shui)(shui)附(fu)近(jin)地(di)區,往北在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)長白山附(fu)近(jin)則以火成巖(yan)為主。前者(zhe)易(yi)透水(shui)(shui),后者(zhe)則不行,加之(zhi)地(di)勢南(nan)高北低,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)自南(nan)向(xiang)北匯(hui)聚,在(zai)(zai)明(ming)水(shui)(shui)附(fu)近(jin)受(shou)阻水(shui)(shui)頭出(chu)(chu)露地(di)面(mian),行成泉群,故(gu)明(ming)水(shui)(shui)多甘泉,多水(shui)(shui)。
章(zhang)丘屬暖溫帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)區的大陸性氣候,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,雨熱(re)同季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱(han)多風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雨量集中(zhong),秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫和涼爽,冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雪少干(gan)冷。年均(jun)日照2647.6小時(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫12.8℃,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水量600.8毫米,相對濕度65%,無(wu)霜(shuang)期192天。
詳細信息
濟南(nan)章丘明(ming)水(shui)鎮,產有一(yi)種全國馳(chi)名香稻(dao),叫明(ming)水(shui)香稻(dao)。《濟南(nan)府志》記有:“稻(dao)非此地常產,歷諸處稍稍有之,其美者則以章丘明(ming)水(shui)為最。”
明水香(xiang)稻(dao)用來蒸米飯(fan)、煮稀飯(fan)即使(shi)蓋(gai)鍋蓋(gai),仍香(xiang)氣四(si)溢(yi),民間有(you)“一(yi)株(zhu)開(kai)花(hua)幾(ji)里香(xiang),一(yi)家(jia)煮飯(fan)香(xiang)全(quan)莊(zhuang)”的贊譽。引
明(ming)水香稻的種植(zhi),已有(you)2000多(duo)年的歷史,從(cong)明(ming)朝開始(shi)就作為貢米向(xiang)皇帝(di)進(jin)獻。明(ming)代科學家宋應星著《天工開物》中說(shuo):“香稻一(yi)種,取(qu)其(qi)芳氣(qi),以(yi)供貴人,收實甚(shen)少,滋(zi)益(yi)全天,不足尚也。”
歷(li)史上(shang)因受種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條件(jian)的(de)(de)限(xian)制,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)極低,成為十分珍貴的(de)(de)稀(xi)物。相傳明(ming)(ming)清(qing)時代,歷(li)史上(shang)最少年(nian)(nian)份(fen)僅(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)了(le)(le)11畝,幾(ji)近絕跡。當時主(zhu)要(yao)是受品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)限(xian)制,代表(biao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)紅芒(mang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)芒(mang),一般畝產(chan)(chan)僅(jin)100公(gong)斤左右(you),只作為朝廷繳納(na)的(de)(de)貢(gong)品(pin),平(ping)民百姓(xing)無(wu)緣品(pin)嘗(chang)。明(ming)(ming)水香(xiang)(xiang)稻(dao)至四十年(nian)(nian)代已瀕(bin)臨(lin)絕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。解放后(hou)國家非(fei)常重視(shi)對香(xiang)(xiang)稻(dao)的(de)(de)研究,進(jin)行了(le)(le)遺傳試驗。隨(sui)著(zhu)經濟的(de)(de)發(fa)展,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)較低的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)芒(mang)現已失傳,大(da)(da)(da)(da)紅芒(mang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)也逐年(nian)(nian)縮小,直到20世紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代,章丘(qiu)農業部門在大(da)(da)(da)(da)紅芒(mang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),又選育出“幅香(xiang)(xiang)1號(hao)”、“幅香(xiang)(xiang)3號(hao)”兩個(ge)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),產(chan)(chan)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)提高,畝產(chan)(chan)達到了(le)(le)400—500公(gong)斤。明(ming)(ming)水香(xiang)(xiang)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)已達1000多畝,預計總(zong)產(chan)(chan)可達50萬公(gong)斤。