平(ping)陽(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯茶,屬于六大(da)茶類黃(huang)(huang)(huang)茶類中(zhong)的黃(huang)(huang)(huang)小茶,是中(zhong)國四(si)大(da)傳統(tong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)茶之(zhi)一(yi),與(yu)蒙(meng)頂黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芽、霍山黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芽等知名(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)茶齊(qi)名(ming)。原產(chan)(chan)于浙江平(ping)陽(yang)、泰(tai)順、瑞安(an)等地,品質(zhi)以平(ping)陽(yang)北港朝陽(yang)山所產(chan)(chan)為最(zui)佳,故名(ming)“平(ping)陽(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯”。其歷史(shi)悠(you)久,在(zai)清代因曾被列為貢(gong)品而聞(wen)名(ming)。2014年5月入選中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)和國農(nong)業部(bu)2014年第一(yi)批農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理標志(zhi)名(ming)錄。
歷史沿革
平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)茶(cha)歷史悠久。地處(chu)江(jiang)南(nan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)州(zhou),自古(gu)(gu)就(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)好茶(cha),而平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)又是溫(wen)州(zhou)產茶(cha)佳處(chu)。早在(zai)《唐(tang)書(shu)·食貨志》就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)記(ji)載:“浙產茶(cha)十州(zhou)五十五縣(xian),有(you)(you)永嘉、安固、橫(heng)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、樂城四縣(xian)名。”其(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)橫(heng)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),就(jiu)(jiu)是今天的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。雖然當(dang)時還沒有(you)(you)“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)”之名,但(dan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝已(yi)經初(chu)具雛形。元(yuan)代(dai)大(da)畫家(jia)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)公(gong)望(wang)喜愛家(jia)鄉茶(cha)的(de)(de)故事在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)民間(jian)廣為(wei)流傳(chuan)(chuan),可知平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)在(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)大(da)受(shou)人(ren)們尤其(qi)(qi)是文人(ren)喜愛。“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)”之名的(de)(de)由來也與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)公(gong)望(wang)有(you)(you)關。清代(dai),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)茶(cha)已(yi)經聞名天下,清乾(qian)隆時期被列(lie)為(wei)朝(chao)廷(ting)貢品(pin)(pin),其(qi)(qi)歷史已(yi)達200多年(nian)(nian)。在(zai)20世(shi)紀30年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)期,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)千余(yu)擔(dan)運銷上海(hai)、營口、天津、北京等大(da)城市,而后因多種原(yuan)因停產,加(jia)之原(yuan)先茶(cha)葉加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)由農(nong)民手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作,缺少系統(tong)、書(shu)面的(de)(de)文字(zi)記(ji)載,以致平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝逐漸失傳(chuan)(chuan),茶(cha)市上不見其(qi)(qi)影(ying)。直(zhi)到1970年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末1980年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)才重新(xin)開發生(sheng)產。2010年(nian)(nian),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)局開發的(de)(de)“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)茶(cha)葉加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝”獲得國(guo)家(jia)發明專利。2011年(nian)(nian),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)茶(cha)樣被中國(guo)茶(cha)葉博覽(lan)館(guan)館(guan)藏。2012年(nian)(nian),高(gao)級技師鐘維(wei)標以平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)特早茶(cha)為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao),用(yong)“九燜九烘”古(gu)(gu)法恢復了傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)名茶(cha)“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)”的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。2013年(nian)(nian),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)躋身中國(guo)四大(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)茶(cha)品(pin)(pin)牌之一。2014年(nian)(nian),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)茶(cha)獲第十屆國(guo)際(ji)名茶(cha)評比金獎,并進入國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)公(gong)布的(de)(de)2014年(nian)(nian)第一批(pi)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)地理標志名錄。
產地分布
平(ping)陽(yang)黃湯茶產于浙(zhe)南(nan)平(ping)陽(yang)、泰順、瑞安、永嘉等縣市,品質以(yi)平(ping)陽(yang)北(bei)港的南(nan)雁蕩山脈朝陽(yang)山區所產為最好。
品質特征
平陽(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)是浙(zhe)產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要代表,浙(zhe)江主(zhu)要名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之一(yi)。平陽(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),曾(ceng)以“干茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)顯黃(huang)(huang)(huang),湯色(se)(se)(se)杏黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、葉(xie)(xie)底嫩黃(huang)(huang)(huang)”的(de)(de)“三(san)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)”特征傲立茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業界。其外形(xing)條索細(xi)緊,色(se)(se)(se)澤黃(huang)(huang)(huang)綠,湯色(se)(se)(se)杏黃(huang)(huang)(huang)明(ming)亮,香氣清(qing)芬高銳,滋味鮮醇爽口,葉(xie)(xie)底芽葉(xie)(xie)成(cheng)朵(duo)勻齊(qi)。因種類不(bu)同,差異(yi)很大(da),容(rong)易混(hun)淆不(bu)清(qing)。有(you)的(de)(de)像(xiang)白茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)類的(de)(de)白毫銀針,如君山銀針;有(you)的(de)(de)像(xiang)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)類的(de)(de)細(xi)烘(hong)青(qing),如黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯;有(you)的(de)(de)像(xiang)毛峰,如黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芽;有(you)的(de)(de)像(xiang)綠大(da)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),如黃(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。但總(zong)的(de)(de)來說,雖然形(xing)狀各異(yi),其色(se)(se)(se)澤都有(you)所偏黃(huang)(huang)(huang)。其茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)清(qing)明(ming)前開采(cai),采(cai)摘(zhai)標準為(wei)細(xi)嫩多(duo)毫的(de)(de)一(yi)芽一(yi)葉(xie)(xie)和一(yi)芽二葉(xie)(xie)初展(zhan)。要求大(da)小勻齊(qi)一(yi)致。平陽(yang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)制造(zao)分(fen)殺(sha)青(qing)、揉(rou)捻、悶堆、初烘(hong)、悶烘(hong)五道工序。