芒果视频下载

【產品概況】

程村(cun)蠔是(shi)指在東經111°42′00″——111°48′45″，北緯21°38′30″——21°46′30″的海域養(yang)成4個月(yue)以上(shang)的野(ye)生或人(ren)工養(yang)殖的成品蠔。

【地標地理】

地理標志產(chan)品的(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)是(shi)“程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村蠔”。“程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村”是(shi)地名(ming)，“蠔”是(shi)指牡(mu)蠣(li)。品種(zhong)為(wei)近江牡(mu)蠣(li)（Ostrearivularis）。地域范(fan)圍：廣東省陽西(xi)縣程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村、織(zhi)篢、溪頭三鎮之間的(de)“布袋”形海(hai)(hai)灣——洋邊海(hai)(hai)，即(ji)陽西(xi)縣現轄(xia)行(xing)政區域內的(de)東經111°42′00″——111°48′45″，北緯21°38′30″——21°46′30″海(hai)(hai)灣。

【文化背景】

牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)在(zai)廣東俗稱為(wei)“蠔”，其經濟價(jia)值高、營養(yang)豐富、肉味(wei)鮮(xian)美，有“海(hai)上牛(niu)奶(nai)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。它的(de)肉在(zai)古代(dai)曾認為(wei)是“海(hai)族中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最貴(gui)者”，作(zuo)為(wei)人們喜(xi)愛的(de)一種(zhong)食品，歷史(shi)上早(zao)有記載，《五什俎》中(zhong)寫道：“窮山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兮，竭水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錯，南方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)，北(bei)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熊掌，……”，把牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)和八珍中(zhong)的(de)熊掌并(bing)稱。南方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)又(you)以洋邊海(hai)養(yang)殖的(de)最為(wei)飽(bao)滿、軟滑、肉質(zhi)脆(cui)爽、有彈性(xing)且滋(zi)味(wei)鮮(xian)美。

【文化沉淀】

程(cheng)村鎮人(ren)工(gong)養(yang)(yang)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)歷(li)史已有(you)180多年(nian)(nian)了(le)(le)，開(kai)始只是(shi)采用(yong)傳統的(de)(de)(de)播石(shi)、插柱等養(yang)(yang)殖方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，后來，在各級漁業(ye)主管部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)指導和幫助下，從1995年(nian)(nian)起采用(yong)棚架(jia)式(shi)(shi)吊(diao)(diao)柱養(yang)(yang)殖法(fa)(fa)(fa)。棚架(jia)式(shi)(shi)吊(diao)(diao)柱養(yang)(yang)殖方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)工(gong)序簡(jian)單，蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生長易大(da)(da)快肥，畝產(chan)(chan)提(ti)高(gao)，養(yang)(yang)殖周期也縮短了(le)(le)一年(nian)(nian)。但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)由于水(shui)泥柱較重，不但(dan)加重了(le)(le)養(yang)(yang)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)棚架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)承受重量(liang)，而且操作也不便。1997年(nian)(nian)，程(cheng)村蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)農(nong)開(kai)始用(yong)膠絲繩粘蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)棚架(jia)式(shi)(shi)吊(diao)(diao)繩養(yang)(yang)殖法(fa)(fa)(fa)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)殖方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)就是(shi)先把(ba)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)苗(miao)(miao)從固(gu)(gu)著(zhu)基上(shang)(shang)脫落，再模仿天(tian)然(ran)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)用(yong)左(zuo)(zuo)殼(ke)(ke)固(gu)(gu)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，以(yi)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)殼(ke)(ke)為粘著(zhu)處(chu)，把(ba)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)苗(miao)(miao)成對夾著(zhu)苗(miao)(miao)繩粘著(zhu)在一條2m長的(de)(de)(de)膠絲繩上(shang)(shang)。膠絲繩上(shang)(shang)有(you)粘著(zhu)點(dian)(dian)8—10個，粘著(zhu)時(shi)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)(ke)高(gao)方(fang)向與苗(miao)(miao)繩垂直(zhi)。粘著(zhu)后8—10h，待水(shui)泥干(gan)硬后再把(ba)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)串移(yi)到養(yang)(yang)殖區的(de)(de)(de)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)棚架(jia)中吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)工(gong)序簡(jian)單，操作輕(qing)松方(fang)便，而且大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)密度，減輕(qing)了(le)(le)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)棚架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)承受重量(liang)，還可以(yi)利(li)用(yong)繩子的(de)(de)(de)抗風浪性(xing)，增大(da)(da)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)攝食空間和延長蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)攝食時(shi)間，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)模式(shi)(shi)使所吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)更加易大(da)(da)快肥，長勢大(da)(da)小均勻，達到了(le)(le)當年(nian)(nian)投苗(miao)(miao)、當年(nian)(nian)投產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)最佳效(xiao)果，養(yang)(yang)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)畝產(chan)(chan)也大(da)(da)增，深(shen)受當地(di)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)喜好，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)模式(shi)(shi)被廣大(da)(da)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)農(nong)普遍推廣應(ying)用(yong)。

【品牌建設】

為(wei)(wei)弘(hong)揚(yang)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)域與(yu)品質(zhi)特(te)色，促(cu)(cu)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)與(yu)有關部門經(jing)多方積(ji)極努力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，做了(le)不(bu)少(shao)卓有成(cheng)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作，打下了(le)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作基礎。1.加大(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)度，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會影響力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會影響力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，2002、2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)，陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)連續(xu)成(cheng)功舉辦了(le)兩屆程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)美食節，從(cong)而對提(ti)(ti)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知名度、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)行業行為(wei)(wei)、促(cu)(cu)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)產(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起到了(le)積(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。2.加強程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)種(zhong)苗基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)更好(hao)地(di)適應程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)(da)，解決程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)本地(di)天然蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)供應和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)問題。陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)支持(chi)廣東(dong)(dong)華(hua)龍集團公司在(zai)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮建(jian)(jian)設(she)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)苗中(zhong)(zhong)心，并促(cu)(cu)成(cheng)該公司與(yu)廣東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)合(he)作，開展(zhan)(zhan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)人(ren)工(gong)繁育(yu)和(he)三倍體近(jin)江(jiang)牡蠣(li)(li)人(ren)工(gong)育(yu)苗研究(jiu)。同時，陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)院南海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)研究(jiu)所(suo)合(he)作，開展(zhan)(zhan)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)病(bing)防治技(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻(gong)(gong)關，為(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供技(ji)術(shu)(shu)支撐。3.大(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)推(tui)行程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)由陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)質(zhi)監局(ju)和(he)陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)與(yu)漁業局(ju)共同承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家質(zhi)量監督檢驗(yan)檢疫總局(ju)下達的(de)(de)(de)(de)“國家級近(jin)江(jiang)牡蠣(li)(li)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區”項目在(zai)陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落戶。陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)近(jin)江(jiang)牡蠣(li)(li)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區建(jian)(jian)設(she)領導小(xiao)組辦公室負責(ze)起草的(de)(de)(de)(de)《近(jin)江(jiang)牡蠣(li)(li)吊(diao)(diao)養(yang)(yang)綜合(he)標準(zhun)》已于2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)1日發(fa)布實(shi)(shi)施(shi)；《程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)》產(chan)品標準(zhun)也(ye)在(zai)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)15日發(fa)布實(shi)(shi)施(shi)。這(zhe)將促(cu)(cu)使程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)進入(ru)科(ke)學(xue)化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)范(fan)(fan)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)軌道(dao)。4.實(shi)(shi)施(shi)農業部漁業科(ke)技(ji)入(ru)戶工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，推(tui)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)農業部實(shi)(shi)施(shi)漁業科(ke)技(ji)入(ru)戶工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一年(nian)(nian)(nian)，陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)全國五個漁業科(ke)技(ji)入(ru)戶示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之一，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)廣東(dong)(dong)省唯一的(de)(de)(de)(de)漁業科(ke)技(ji)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)主推(tui)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種(zhong)。在(zai)全國五個漁業科(ke)技(ji)入(ru)戶示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，唯有陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)近(jin)江(jiang)牡蠣(li)(li)——程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)作為(wei)(wei)主推(tui)品種(zhong)。5.致力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新，提(ti)(ti)供政(zheng)策保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)十(shi)分重視程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，先后與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)院南海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)研究(jiu)所(suo)、浙江(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)、暨南大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)、廣東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)等(deng)單位合(he)作，開展(zhan)(zhan)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)病(bing)防治技(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻(gong)(gong)關，為(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供技(ji)術(shu)(shu)支撐；還發(fa)布了(le)《關于劃定程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)原產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)告》（西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)府(fu)告[2003]3號）和(he)《關于加強程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)告》，并建(jian)(jian)立(li)陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)灣省級海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生態保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。對侵占航道(dao)、養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作不(bu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)和(he)破(po)壞(huai)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)環(huan)境等(deng)現象進行查處，加大(da)(da)(da)了(le)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)度，規(gui)定了(le)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)原產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域范(fan)(fan)圍及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)措施(shi)，在(zai)法規(gui)上給程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)蠔(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)具體而有力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。