大同(tong)古(gu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)是(shi)萬里(li)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen),主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)于大同(tong)市的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)鎮縣(xian)(xian)、陽(yang)高(gao)縣(xian)(xian)、新(xin)榮區(qu)、左云縣(xian)(xian)、渾(hun)源縣(xian)(xian)、靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)、廣靈(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)7個縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)。大同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)所跨朝代較多,現存主要(yao)是(shi)明代長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)。大同(tong)作為(wei)(wei)當時(shi)拱衛京都(dou)的(de)(de)(de)屏障,明長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)和(he)(he)內長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng),如今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)大同(tong)市居(ju)于內外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)之(zhi)間(jian),南部(bu)和(he)(he)北部(bu)、西(xi)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)行政區(qu)劃線(xian)大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)以長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)為(wei)(wei)界。2009年公布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)資源調(diao)查數據中(zhong),大同(tong)市境內明代長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)343167米,共(gong)有(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)烽火臺(tai)、古(gu)堡(bao)(bao)等(deng)843處(chu)。1986年8月18日,大同(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)被山西(xi)省人民(min)政府公布(bu)為(wei)(wei)第二批省級文物保護單位(wei)。相關的(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)畫、雕刻、碑文等(deng)與長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)有(you)直接關系的(de)(de)(de)文物超(chao)過(guo)2000處(chu)。天(tian)鎮縣(xian)(xian)新(xin)平堡(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)玉皇(huang)閣鎮邊(bian)樓(lou)以及修在海(hai)拔1736米山頂上的(de)(de)(de)樺門堡(bao)(bao),陽(yang)高(gao)縣(xian)(xian)墩臺(tai)密布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)鄉(xiang),新(xin)榮區(qu)拱衛北魏(wei)皇(huang)陵(ling)的(de)(de)(de)方山長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)和(he)(he)得勝堡(bao)(bao)等(deng)邊(bian)墻五堡(bao)(bao),左云摩(mo)天(tian)嶺兩個制高(gao)點之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)寧魯樓(lou),靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)牛幫口的(de)(de)(de)內長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)都(dou)是(shi)大同(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)精美(mei)華章。
據《三云(yun)(yun)籌俎考·大(da)同(tong)總鎮(zhen)圖說》統計(ji),大(da)同(tong)鎮(zhen)先后修大(da)邊(bian)(bian)、二邊(bian)(bian)516.3里(li);內(nei)(nei)五(wu)(wu)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、外(wai)(wai)五(wu)(wu)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、塞(sai)外(wai)(wai)五(wu)(wu)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、云(yun)(yun)岡六堡(bao)(bao)(bao)等主要城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)72座(zuo)(城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20,堡(bao)(bao)(bao)52);邊(bian)(bian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)776個;火路墩(dun)(dun)(dun)833個。在(zai)(zai)大(da)同(tong)明(ming)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自居(ju)庸關以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi),分南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩線(xian)到(dao)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)偏關會合,被(bei)稱(cheng)為內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外(wai)(wai)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即居(ju)庸關西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)經(jing)赤城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、崇禮、張(zhang)家(jia)口(kou)(kou)、萬全、懷安(an)而進(jin)入大(da)同(tong)市(shi)的天鎮(zhen)、陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)、大(da)同(tong)、左云(yun)(yun)沿內(nei)(nei)蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)交(jiao)界處,達于偏關、河(he)曲(qu);內(nei)(nei)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)居(ju)庸關西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)經(jing)河(he)北(bei)易縣(xian)(xian)、渾源(yuan)、阜平而進(jin)入大(da)同(tong)市(shi)的靈(ling)丘、渾源(yuan),再經(jing)應縣(xian)(xian)、繁峙、神池而至(zhi)老營。據現(xian)存長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)測,外(wai)(wai)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分別由(you)(you)(you)懷安(an)縣(xian)(xian)桃溝村、西(xi)(xi)(xi)洋河(he)鄉馬市(shi)口(kou)(kou)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩路進(jin)入天鎮(zhen)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)(jing),在(zai)(zai)新平樂村與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)路長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相交(jiao)。天鎮(zhen)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)約(yue) 105華里(li),存黃(huang)土夯(hang)筑(zhu)的墩(dun)(dun)(dun)臺(tai)(tai)61座(zuo)。由(you)(you)(you)天鎮(zhen)水磨口(kou)(kou)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)三里(li)進(jin)入陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)縣(xian)(xian)十(shi)(shi)九墩(dun)(dun)(dun)村界,至(zhi)鎮(zhen)邊(bian)(bian)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)出(chu)陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)進(jin)入大(da)同(tong)市(shi)區境(jing)(jing)(jing)。陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計(ji) 100余里(li),現(xian)存夯(hang)土處臺(tai)(tai) 119座(zuo)。從(cong)陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)鎮(zhen)邊(bian)(bian)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)約(yue)八華里(li)進(jin)入大(da)同(tong)元墩(dun)(dun)(dun)村界,經(jing)鎮(zhen)川口(kou)(kou)、宏賜堡(bao)(bao)(bao)、鎮(zhen)羌堡(bao)(bao)(bao),經(jing)拒(ju)墻(qiang)口(kou)(kou)、拒(ju)門口(kou)(kou)、助馬口(kou)(kou)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)三邊(bian)(bian),轉南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)磚樓溝入左云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)界。另一條由(you)(you)(you)宏賜堡(bao)(bao)(bao)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)經(jing)新榮、破魯(lu)至(zhi)吳(wu)施(shi)窯入左云(yun)(yun)界,這道長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當(dang)地人稱(cheng)“二道邊(bian)(bian)”。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩道長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共 210華里(li)。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)(you)(you)大(da)同(tong)磚樓向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)進(jin)入左云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)保(bao)安(an)堡(bao)(bao)(bao)地界,至(zhi)二十(shi)(shi)邊(bian)(bian)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)出(chu)左云(yun)(yun)進(jin)入右玉縣(xian)(xian)界。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)左云(yun)(yun)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)約(yue)86華里(li)。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)這段長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)大(da)同(tong)市(shi)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)約(yue)長(chang) 501華里(li)。大(da)同(tong)市(shi)、渾源(yuan)、靈(ling)丘縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)的明(ming)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周內(nei)(nei)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。渾源(yuan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)計(ji) 160華里(li),靈(ling)丘境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)長(chang)約(yue) 190華里(li)。明(ming)內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)(wai)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)大(da)同(tong)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)總長(chang)為 800多華里(li)。為山西(xi)(xi)(xi)省重點文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)。