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萬里長城-寧武關
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寧武關是一個景點。它是為晉北古樓煩(古部落名)地。戰國時,趙武靈王曾在此置樓煩關,以防匈奴。寧武,秦漢為樓煩縣地,置有樓煩關,今縣南的寧化村,即為樓煩關南口,縣北的陽方口,即為樓煩關北口。北魏時廣寧、神武二郡先后治此,隋時先后屬崞縣、靜樂縣。唐置寧武郡,始用寧武之稱,取廣寧、神武二郡尾字而得。或說其地有舊寧文堡,取文武對應之義,因有此稱。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山西(xi)省忻(xin)州市(shi)寧武縣(xian)人民(min)大街12號附(fu)近(jin)
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附近有 1 個景點: 山西管涔山國家森林公園(2km)   
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基本介紹

寧武關(guan)(guan)是(shi)三(san)(san)關(guan)(guan)鎮守總兵駐所所在(zai)(zai)地。關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建于明景(jing)泰元(yuan)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1450年(nian)),在(zai)(zai)明成化、正德、隆(long)慶年(nian)間,均有修(xiu)繕(shan)。關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄(xiong)(xiong)踞于恒山(shan)余脈的(de)(de)華蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),臨恢河,俯瞰東(dong)、西、南三(san)(san)面(mian),周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),開(kai)東(dong)、西、南三(san)(san)門。成化二年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1466年(nian))增(zeng)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)后,關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)圍(wei)約2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),基寬(kuan)(kuan)15米(mi),頂寬(kuan)(kuan)7.5米(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)約10米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)、西、南三(san)(san)面(mian)開(kai)門。成化十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1479年(nian)),由巡撫魏紳主持,拓(tuo)廣關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3500多米(mi),加(jia)辟北門,建飛樓(lou)(lou)于其上(shang),起名為鎮朔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南北較狹,東(dong)西為長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)七里(li),呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)大堅固(gu),四(si)周(zhou)炮臺、敵樓(lou)(lou)星羅棋布。到弘(hong)治十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1498年(nian)),關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又被擴展為周(zhou)圍(wei)約3.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)1.5米(mi),并加(jia)開(kai)了(le)(le)北門,不過這時的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)仍為黃(huang)土夯(hang)筑,磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1606年(nian))包砌(qi)的(de)(de)。萬歷年(nian)間,在(zai)(zai)全部用青磚(zhuan)包砌(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)同時,還修(xiu)建了(le)(le)東(dong)西2座(zuo)(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門樓(lou)(lou),在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北華蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)山(shan)頂修(xiu)筑了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)巍峨(e)聳峙(zhi)的(de)(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩,墩上(shang)筑有一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)三(san)(san)層重(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),名為華蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)樓(lou)(lou)。關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不僅與內(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連,而且在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北還修(xiu)筑了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達二十(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。寧武據鳳(feng)凰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)北,傳說(shuo)由鳳(feng)凰所變,故有“鳳(feng)凰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,遇敵侵犯(fan)可(ke)神奇地飛走(zou)。但(dan)見城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池猶如鳳(feng)身,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北華蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)山(shan)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩酷似鳳(feng)首,東(dong)西延伸的(de)(de)兩(liang)堡儼然鳳(feng)翅,南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)迎薰(xun)樓(lou)(lou),正如高(gao)(gao)翹(qiao)的(de)(de)鳳(feng)尾。雄(xiong)(xiong)居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)鼓樓(lou)(lou),堪稱鳳(feng)凰的(de)(de)心臟,使人產生(sheng)美妙的(de)(de)聯想。萬歷末年(nian),增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),加(jia)以磚(zhuan)包,關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更為堅固(gu)雄(xiong)(xiong)壯(zhuang)。

當時為(wei)了抵御(yu)蒙(meng)古的進(jin)攻,在(zai)(zai)北方不斷設(she)險置關(guan)、修筑防線(xian),形成了外(wai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)與(yu)內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)。而內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)者,就是指西(xi)(xi)起山西(xi)(xi)偏(pian)關(guan)縣(xian),經神池、寧(ning)武、代縣(xian)、朔縣(xian)、河(he)北蔚縣(xian)等地,抵河(he)北延(yan)慶縣(xian)的內(nei)線(xian)長(chang)城,蜿(wan)蜒(yan)1000多公里(li)。在(zai)(zai)這條防線(xian)上,創關(guan)設(she)堡,駐(zhu)守(shou)軍隊。在(zai)(zai)河(he)北境(jing)內(nei)者,沿線(xian)設(she)紫(zi)荊(jing)、倒馬、居庸三(san)關(guan),稱(cheng)為(wei)內(nei)三(san)關(guan)。在(zai)(zai)山西(xi)(xi)境(jing)內(nei),設(she)偏(pian)頭、寧(ning)武、雁門(men)(men)三(san)關(guan),稱(cheng)為(wei)外(wai)三(san)關(guan)。外(wai)三(san)關(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong),偏(pian)頭為(wei)極(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian),雁門(men)(men)為(wei)沖要,而寧(ning)武介二關(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong),控扼內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)首,形勢(shi)尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。故(gu)《邊(bian)(bian)(bian)防考》上說:“以(yi)重(zhong)兵駐(zhu)此,東可(ke)以(yi)衛雁門(men)(men),西(xi)(xi)可(ke)以(yi)援偏(pian)關(guan),北可(ke)以(yi)應云朔,蓋(gai)地利得勢(shi)。”

寧武(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是三關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)歷(li)(li)代戰(zhan)爭最(zui)為(wei)(wei)頻繁的關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口。當時(shi)北方游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)南(nan)下,必經三關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。偏關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由于(yu)有黃河(he)(he)(he)作為(wei)(wei)天險,只(zhi)有冬季(ji)匈奴(nu)的騎兵才可(ke)以踏冰而過,而雁門以山為(wei)(wei)天險,騎兵難以突破(po)。寧武(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所(suo)靠的恢(hui)河(he)(he)(he)是季(ji)節性河(he)(he)(he)流(liu),在(zai)恢(hui)河(he)(he)(he)斷(duan)流(liu)的季(ji)節,匈奴(nu)騎兵就沿河(he)(he)(he)谷揮師南(nan)進,直抵關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)下,當時(shi)恢(hui)河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)谷可(ke)容“十(shi)騎并進”,所(suo)以大(da)多數(shu)時(shi)候,寧武(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)和(he)農耕民(min)族(zu)交戰(zhan)的主要戰(zhan)場。歷(li)(li)史上因鮮卑(bei)、突厥(jue)、契(qi)丹、蒙(meng)古(gu)等游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)南(nan)下掠擄,經常選(xuan)擇寧武(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)突破(po)口,所(suo)以在(zai)很(hen)多歷(li)(li)史時(shi)期(qi),這里的戰(zhan)爭幾乎連(lian)年不斷(duan)。在(zai)寧武(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)千(qian)百年來(lai)的戰(zhan)爭紀錄中(zhong),最(zui)后一場大(da)仗(zhang)發(fa)生在(zai)明末崇禎年間。

當北(bei)(bei)同蒲(pu)鐵路線(xian)上(shang)北(bei)(bei)上(shang)的(de)列車(che)像一條巨龍一樣,由(you)(you)煤鄉軒崗西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)的(de)崇山(shan)(shan)峻嶺中穿越(yue)而過之(zhi)后,眼前,一座現(xian)(xian)代化的(de)小城便出(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)鐵路線(xian)西(xi)(xi)的(de)河(he)(he)(he)谷中,這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是古代的(de)晉北(bei)(bei)重鎮——寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)關的(de)所(suo)在(zai)地。寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)關故址(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)是今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)縣(xian)城,當呂梁山(shan)(shan)脈北(bei)(bei)支蘆芽山(shan)(shan)和云中山(shan)(shan)交(jiao)會的(de)谷口(kou)(kou)。谷口(kou)(kou)寬廣,敞(chang)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)的(de)朔縣(xian)盆地。三面(mian)(mian)環山(shan)(shan),北(bei)(bei)倚內長城,深居于四面(mian)(mian)屏蔽的(de)腹地,形勢穩固,易(yi)守難攻。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)處于大(da)同、朔縣(xian)聯合(he)盆地的(de)南緣(yuan),地形高(gao)亢。山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)內兩條大(da)河(he)(he)(he)桑干河(he)(he)(he)和汾河(he)(he)(he)即源于此,分流南北(bei)(bei)。東西(xi)(xi)兩面(mian)(mian)又有滹沱河(he)(he)(he)、黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)的(de)支流由(you)(you)此流出(chu)。因此,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)雖(sui)是山(shan)(shan)區(qu),卻具(ju)路通(tong)(tong)四方之(zhi)利,交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)方便。由(you)(you)此北(bei)(bei)上(shang)可到(dao)大(da)同,南下可達(da)太原(yuan)。

寧武(wu)關,在今寧武(wu)縣城區。始建于明(ming)代中(zhong)期,為萬里長城上(shang)的重要關隘(ai),地勢(shi)險要,因其地處(chu)“三關”中(zhong)路,素有“北屏大同,南扼太原(yuan),西應偏關,東援雁門”的戰(zhan)略作用(yong)。

歷史沿革

明代(dai)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)歷史上(shang)是(shi)一個很(hen)難(nan)用一句話概括(kuo)的(de)(de)朝(chao)代(dai)。從推翻(fan)元朝(chao)開(kai)始,明朝(chao)就(jiu)不斷(duan)與(yu)北(bei)方(fang)少(shao)數(shu)民族征(zheng)戰(zhan)。先是(shi)蒙(meng)古,最后亡(wang)于(yu)清。朱(zhu)元璋建國(guo)之(zhi)初(chu),深知國(guo)力(li)衰弱,而又沒(mei)能將“大元”殘(can)余(yu)勢力(li)掃(sao)清。于(yu)是(shi)派(pai)遣朱(zhu)棣駐北(bei),從戰(zhan)略(lve)上(shang)來說就(jiu)是(shi)遏制蒙(meng)古入侵(qin)。而燕王(wang)征(zheng)南之(zhi)后,可能源(yuan)于(yu)奪了(le)侄子(zi)帝位(wei)而愧(kui)對祖先,于(yu)是(shi)遷都北(bei)京。然(ran)而這(zhe)個遷都的(de)(de)舉動,卻(que)將大明王(wang)朝(chao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)近距離地展現在(zai)(zai)蒙(meng)古面(mian)前(qian)。于(yu)是(shi)朱(zhu)棣在(zai)(zai)永(yong)樂十(shi)年(nian)以后開(kai)始北(bei)征(zheng)。五次北(bei)征(zheng)之(zhi)后,除前(qian)兩次有所斬獲外,其余(yu)多為(wei)(wei)勞民傷財,使得剛剛恢復的(de)(de)經(jing)濟又背上(shang)了(le)沉重的(de)(de)包袱(fu),為(wei)(wei)后世子(zi)孫留下了(le)長久(jiu)不息的(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭隱患。

明(ming)(ming)憲(xian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)朱見深(shen)(shen)是(shi)朱棣之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)不多幾個有些作為的(de)(de)(de)皇帝之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。在他的(de)(de)(de)朝代(dai)建(jian)立(li)寧武(wu)關其實是(shi)有特殊含義的(de)(de)(de)。明(ming)(ming)憲(xian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)(de)父(fu)親就是(shi)創造被(bei)生(sheng)擒“奇跡”的(de)(de)(de)魯莽皇帝明(ming)(ming)英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。在明(ming)(ming)英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)時(shi),當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)蒙(meng)古在漠北的(de)(de)(de)勢力已經(jing)一(yi)分為二(er),瓦剌(la)與韃靼,瓦剌(la)強大(da)了起來,并不斷騷擾明(ming)(ming)朝的(de)(de)(de)北邊。太監王(wang)振鼓動英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)對瓦剌(la)御駕(jia)親征,但是(shi)準備不足,糧餉(xiang)接濟不足,前線屢屢失敗。形(xing)勢不好,英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)撤軍,在懷(huai)來城外的(de)(de)(de)土木堡(bao)被(bei)包圍(wei)。全軍覆(fu)沒,英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)被(bei)俘。為了避(bi)免被(bei)瓦剌(la)威(wei)脅,在大(da)臣于謙的(de)(de)(de)倡議(yi)下立(li)英(ying)(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)弟弟朱祁鈺(yu)為帝,年(nian)號景泰。隨后(hou)(hou)朱見深(shen)(shen)太子位置被(bei)廢(fei)。“奪門之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)”后(hou)(hou),他的(de)(de)(de)太子之(zhi)(zhi)位也失而(er)復得。然(ran)而(er)這樣的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷(li),使他精神壓力非常大(da),朱見深(shen)(shen)繼位的(de)(de)(de)第二(er)年(nian)改年(nian)號為“成化(hua)”,而(er)在成化(hua)三年(nian)就建(jian)立(li)寧武(wu)關,希望明(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝不要重蹈覆(fu)轍,防(fang)患于未然(ran)。在此之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),寧武(wu)關的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)御功能被(bei)發揮到淋漓盡致,有效的(de)(de)(de)擋住了蒙(meng)古的(de)(de)(de)入侵(qin)。

明(ming)正德(de)八年(1513)蒙古騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)從(cong)大同南下,進攻寧(ning)武關,企圖(tu)由此進入晉(jin)中。守關官兵(bing)(bing)奮起抵抗,打敗(bai)蒙古兵(bing)(bing),保衛了(le)晉(jin)中的(de)安(an)(an)全。寧(ning)武關的(de)創設(she)、加固(gu)以及沿關防戍(shu)的(de)修筑,將偏頭、雁門(men)、寧(ning)武三(san)關連(lian)為一線,有效地加強了(le)明(ming)朝北部邊防,在(zai)相(xiang)當時期內,保障了(le)三(san)晉(jin)人(ren)民的(de)安(an)(an)全。

當時關防的(de)(de)(de)設置,不(bu)僅有(you)警邊御(yu)敵的(de)(de)(de)意圖,同時也有(you)防止和鎮壓國內反抗的(de)(de)(de)意圖。由于前(qian)幾任皇(huang)帝的(de)(de)(de)橫征暴(bao)斂(lian),以(yi)及對(dui)于蒙古的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)次用兵,到了崇禎(zhen)皇(huang)帝期(qi)間,國庫空(kong)虛。而此(ci)(ci)時蒙古勢(shi)力(li)逐漸弱小,滿洲勢(shi)力(li)大增。為取得戰(zhan)爭勝利,崇禎(zhen)皇(huang)帝加征兵餉。朝廷征一分,官(guan)員征十分。在(zai)朝野腐(fu)敗的(de)(de)(de)情況下,激起了民變,李自成(cheng)從陜(shan)北起義。在(zai)對(dui)大明朝的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭中,寧武一戰(zhan)非常慘烈。寧武破(po)則北京危(wei)險。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)戰(zhan)上,雙方(fang)(fang)都拼盡全力(li)。明末這里曾發生(sheng)過一場極其重要的(de)(de)(de)大戰(zhan)。但攻關的(de)(de)(de)卻不(bu)是(shi)來(lai)自北方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)入侵,而是(shi)來(lai)自后方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)攻擊。

當明(ming)(ming)末農(nong)民(min)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風暴席卷(juan)陜、晉大(da)(da)地(di)時,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)又成(cheng)為(wei)抵御李(li)自成(cheng)農(nong)民(min)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堡壘(lei)。公元1644年初,李(li)自成(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西安(an)稱王(wang)后(hou)(hou),隨(sui)即率大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)渡黃河,取道山西進行北(bei)伐。起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)路勢如破(po)竹(zhu),很快便攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占了(le)(le)(le)太原(yuan)。當向(xiang)北(bei)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克雁門關(guan)(guan)(guan)準備攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)同時,發現明(ming)(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聚(ju)集了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)批軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)隊,有側擊(ji)(ji)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企圖。當時李(li)自成(cheng)由于曾經(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)羅城吃過周(zhou)遇(yu)吉(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敗仗,認(ren)為(wei)他(ta)是(shi)一(yi)塊硬骨頭,是(shi)有些害怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以準備放棄攻(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan),繞城而(er)走,直取大(da)(da)同,盡快攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)北(bei)京皇(huang)城,然后(hou)(hou)再攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)無援的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。后(hou)(hou)來在(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勸說(shuo)下(xia),以及寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)關(guan)(guan)(guan)中相互策應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要位(wei)置,李(li)自又返身南下(xia),奮戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)七晝夜以慘重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代價擊(ji)(ji)敗鎮守雁門關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)關(guan)(guan)(guan)總兵周(zhou)遇(yu)吉(ji),為(wei)奪取北(bei)京掃清(qing)了(le)(le)(le)障礙。如今在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)恢河東岸,仍有周(zhou)遇(yu)吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)墓,為(wei)磚(zhuan)石所筑。這(zhe)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)整整打(da)了(le)(le)(le)七個晝夜,起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)經(jing)(jing)血戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)最終破(po)城全殲了(le)(le)(le)守關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),但(dan)打(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卻十分(fen)(fen)艱苦。這(zhe)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也充分(fen)(fen)見(jian)證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)要和堅(jian)固。也正是(shi)因為(wei)這(zhe)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),堅(jian)定了(le)(le)(le)崇(chong)禎誓(shi)不南遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決心。他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)憑借層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)足可阻擋起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)勢,可從容等待各(ge)路勤王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來。但(dan)他(ta)怎么也想(xiang)不到(dao),自寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),大(da)(da)同、宣化、居(ju)庸關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)處(chu)守軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),以及調去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)援軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),竟然全部不戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而(er)降。層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)要塞全成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)擺設,致(zhi)使起(qi)義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)路長驅直入,迅速(su)包圍了(le)(le)(le)北(bei)京城。在(zai)(zai)(zai)那場勢如破(po)竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)中,農(nong)民(min)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)竟然苦戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)七晝夜,付(fu)出了(le)(le)(le)慘重(zhong)(zhong)代價,以至于到(dao)處(chu)開倉放糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)自成(cheng)一(yi)怒之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)火燒(shao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan),說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)固與(yu)險(xian)要,如此慘烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭也說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事地(di)理位(wei)置上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)也因此聞(wen)名天下(xia)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)見(jian)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰敗,其(qi)實某種程度上不也說(shuo)明(ming)(ming):真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)口不在(zai)(zai)(zai)外形,而(er)更在(zai)(zai)(zai)人心。

在(zai)(zai)現代戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)也(ye)是戰(zhan)略要地(di)。抗日(ri)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)期,寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)為(wei)晉(jin)西(xi)北(bei)抗日(ri)根據地(di)的(de)一部(bu)分。1938年,日(ri)偽軍(jun)一萬余人分四路(lu)(lu)圍(wei)攻(gong)晉(jin)西(xi)北(bei)根據地(di),并占(zhan)領了寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)等七(qi)縣(xian)城(cheng)。八(ba)路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師采取(qu)集中(zhong)兵力各(ge)個擊(ji)破(po)的(de)策(ce)略,首先擊(ji)敗其它各(ge)地(di)的(de)敵(di)(di)(di)人,然后(hou)以主(zhu)力在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)外圍(wei)活動(dong),切斷(duan)敵(di)(di)(di)軍(jun)歸路(lu)(lu),并以一部(bu)分緊(jin)逼寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。這時(shi)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)之(zhi)敵(di)(di)(di)便在(zai)(zai)從(cong)陽(yang)方口(kou)南下敵(di)(di)(di)人的(de)接應下,棄城(cheng)北(bei)竄,120師予以沉重打擊(ji),終(zhong)于收復了寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)1940年的(de)百(bai)團(tuan)大(da)戰(zhan)中(zhong),八(ba)路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師曾以截斷(duan)同蒲路(lu)(lu)北(bei)段交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)為(wei)目的(de),以主(zhu)力破(po)擊(ji)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)——軒(xuan)崗段,在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)、忻州展(zhan)開破(po)擊(ji)戰(zhan),有(you)力地(di)打擊(ji)了日(ri)本侵(qin)略軍(jun)。現今(jin)山西(xi)南北(bei)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)大(da)動(dong)脈同蒲鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)從(cong)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關穿(chuan)過(guo),又有(you)公路(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)向(xiang)四方。這里仍為(wei)晉(jin)北(bei)的(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)要地(di)。

清朝建(jian)立以后,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)與蒙古(gu)的(de)和睦關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)要沖(chong)、防御作用基本喪失,成(cheng)了(le)祥和的(de)聚居之地(di),遂將關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)府(fu)城(cheng)。其(qi)防御設施(shi)和內長城(cheng)也逐漸廢棄(qi),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)還尚可(ke)辨認的(de)遺(yi)跡。現存(cun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)舊址范圍分西關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和東關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)兩部分,城(cheng)墻依山勢(shi)而建(jian),十分壯觀。據(ju)史書記載,明弘治十一年(1498)擴城(cheng)七里。萬歷(li)三十四年(1606)城(cheng)墻砌磚,周長3567米。城(cheng)中鼓樓為(wei)(wei)(wei)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)代表性建(jian)筑。周圍烽火臺峙立,氣勢(shi)雄偉。寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)筑于呂梁山脈北部支脈的(de)山口,周長3.5公(gong)里余(yu),襟山帶(dai)水,地(di)形險(xian)要,今(jin)已傾圮,兩側山上的(de)內長城(cheng)遺(yi)跡尚存(cun)。今(jin)除存(cun)極少(shao)的(de)零星夯土(tu)殘墻外,基本上全已被拆毀,只剩下位于城(cheng)中心的(de)一座鼓樓在春風里笑傲紅塵,留下滄桑歷(li)史的(de)裊裊余(yu)音,至今(jin)尚保存(cun)良好。

寧(ning)(ning)武關(guan)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),位于今寧(ning)(ning)武縣(xian)城(cheng)人民大街,平面布局基本呈(cheng)正方形,此(ci)樓(lou)(lou)下座為(wei)磚砌券(quan)拱十字穿心洞,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)三(san)層三(san)檐木結構歇山頂式建(jian)筑,通高30余米(mi),氣勢(shi)宏偉,為(wei)省重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)的文物陳列中,有寧(ning)(ning)武縣(xian)古(gu)寺出(chu)土,當年(nian)修筑長(chang)城(cheng)時用過的大水缸(gang)和戍守長(chang)城(cheng)的將士們(men)使用過的各種兵(bing)器。

陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)是明長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)關隘。位(wei)于(yu)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省寧武(wu)縣北(bei)約(yue)13公里.陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)鎮重(zhong)要口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)舊為九牛(niu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)。長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)恢河地(di)段,原建有(you)(you)九孔(kong)石橋一座(zuo),與(yu)兩側長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)銜接(jie),每個橋孔(kong)內又(you)有(you)(you)一鐵牛(niu)鎮守(shou)。后鐵牛(niu)被水沖(chong)(chong)走,橋亦坍塌,更今名。陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)堡城(cheng)(cheng),東(dong)(dong)靠長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)山(shan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)傍(bang)恢河,為明嘉靖十八年(1539)巡撫陳講所筑,萬歷(li)四年(1576)增(zeng)修。堡城(cheng)(cheng)周1公里左右。有(you)(you)“山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)鎮中路第一沖(chong)(chong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)”之稱。顧祖(zu)禹在(zai)《讀史方(fang)(fang)(fang)輿紀(ji)要》中論述陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)堡戰略地(di)位(wei)時說:“大同有(you)(you)事,以(yi)(yi)重(zhong)兵(bing)駐此(ci),東(dong)(dong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)衛雁門(men),西(xi)(xi)(xi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)援偏關,北(bei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)云朔,蓋(gai)地(di)利得(de)也。’現陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)亦為晉西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)、大同、大原的交通(tong)樞(shu)紐。北(bei)有(you)(you)同蒲(pu)、寧苛(ke)兩條鐵路,還(huan)有(you)(you)忻州至(zhi)保德,崞陽至(zhi)偏關,水泉、陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)至(zhi)平魯等三條公路干線通(tong)過(guo)。陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)今已(yi)殘(can)毀(hui),尚存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)磚(zhuan)券拱門(men),用橫木支撐(cheng)著(zhu),供行(xing)人來(lai)往(wang)。陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)夯土殘(can)墻和土筑墩臺。陽方(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)東(dong)(dong)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)尚存(cun)部分磚(zhuan)砌墻體(ti),井(jing)有(you)(you)三座(zuo)磚(zhuan)砌空(kong)心敵樓保存(cun)較好。

榮譽及其他

歷史古跡

概述

古長城(cheng):在(zai)樓子山上有古長城(cheng)遺跡,明(ming)正(zheng)德中,兵備張(zhang)鳳羾立石山下,曰“紫塞長城(cheng)”,或疑為六國趙時所筑(zhu)之舊。

古襄陽城:《太原志》云:“在靜(jing)樂縣北九十里,古寧化(hua)軍南。”遺址微在。

林(lin)溪鎮城:在林(lin)溪山下,世傳隋煬(yang)帝避暑處,金天(tian)會間,即其地改為圣壽(shou)寺(si)。

隋汾陽宮:在縣西南六十里,即林(lin)溪鎮城處。

古樓煩關:在寧(ning)化南,靜樂界(jie)。

天池故(gu)城(cheng)、元(yuan)池故(gu)城(cheng):并(bing)李克用表置者。

汾陽故縣、六度故縣:上并唐筑。

用武池(chi):高齊于(yu)此大蒐,因名。《崞縣志》稱:在寧武關。《魏(wei)志》云:疑即(ji)天池(chi)是。

天池監(jian)牧、元池監(jian)牧、樓煩(fan)監(jian)牧:并唐時置,使牧馬處(chu)。自(zi)樓煩(fan)關以下,今皆無跡(ji)。

橐(tuo)蓮(lian)臺(tai)(tai):在(zai)縣(xian)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)二十五里。《二鎮三(san)關志》云:“今陽方口河西高山謂之‘橐(tuo)蓮(lian)臺(tai)(tai)’,世(shi)傳宋王(wang)侁(shen)望楊(yang)業(ye)兵處。”《朔州志》亦載之,唯《崞縣(xian)志》但記(ji)臺(tai)(tai)名,不言王(wang)侁(shen)事。考元魏滅赫(he)連氏,遷其(qi)子(zi)孫(sun)散處雁門、代(dai),北(bei)(bei)依(yi)山谷以(yi)居,故其(qi)地(di)有赫(he)連臺(tai)(tai),所云橐(tuo)蓮(lian)或是赫(he)連之訛。

宋摩(mo)崖題名:在樓子山崖,題云:元(yuan)佑(you)缺年秋(qiu)七月(yue)己卯,文思(si)。副使知寧化軍(jun)事(shi)太原王余(yu)、應定山與前(qian)朝奉郎通判軍(jun)事(shi)汝南(nan)趙審道同游樓子山,飲(yin)于漏崖之(zhi)足(zu),以觀汾水之(zhi)源。酒酣,公為(wei)安(an)懿(yi)王泠(ling)(ling)瓏之(zhi)琹,以撫秋(qiu)思(si)之(zhi)美,既(ji)闕,而奏雪中松之(zhi)曲。是行也(ye),部吏劉喜、王錫、魏廓、陸(lu)思(si)誠、鞏(gong)裕、李昌言、秋(qiu)球、榆(yu)次尉石伯(bo)倫(lun)預焉(yan),洛(luo)陽(yang)鞏(gong)裕書(shu)(shu)。右依《魏志》書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)“為(wei)安(an)懿(yi)王泠(ling)(ling)”,五字疑筆跡(ji)稍(shao)泐,文有訛隱,若(ruo)“王”當為(wei)“玉”,“泠(ling)(ling)”當為(wei)“玲”,余(yu)三字則未詳(xiang)也(ye)。

相關古跡

寧武府屬

在郡城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)少東(dong)(dong)北(bei)七(qi)百戶街,負山(shan)臨(lin)逵,地勢高爽。雍正(zheng)四(si)年(nian)(1726年(nian)),知府(fu)郎瀚建,即故寧(ning)武(wu)道(dao)署之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舊,改創為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)。經歷(li)謝廷恕董(dong)其事,署成規局,宏(hong)整門(men)屏,東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩坊(fang)翼(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),坊(fang)門(men)高廣,太守車騎(qi)所(suo)出入(ru)也;循坊(fang)列柵,以(yi)禁(jin)行(xing)者,柵周(zhou)方寬闊,中(zhong)(zhong)容吏士數百人。大(da)(da)門(men)三楹,正(zheng)南(nan)(nan)面啟,入(ru)為(wei)(wei)儀門(men),自(zi)儀門(men)入(ru),為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)前(qian)有抱廈堂(tang)(tang)(tang),左為(wei)(wei)兵餉庫(ku)(ku),右為(wei)(wei)庫(ku)(ku)軍(jun)房(fang);堂(tang)(tang)(tang)下東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)吏舍各(ge)(ge)六,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)官廳在焉,西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)則(ze)隸卒(zu)夜值者居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。儀門(men)外(wai)(wai),東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)土神祠,西(xi)(xi)庫(ku)(ku)神廟(miao)。由大(da)(da)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)而后(hou)為(wei)(wei)宅門(men),門(men)外(wai)(wai),左、右班房(fang)各(ge)(ge)一;門(men)內,左、右各(ge)(ge)有房(fang)三間(jian),皆北(bei)向。其北(bei)為(wei)(wei)二(er)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)(ge)三間(jian),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)下門(men)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)啟;自(zi)東(dong)(dong)門(men)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)書室(shi)(shi)五間(jian),皆南(nan)(nan)向,后(hou)有屋(wu)三間(jian),北(bei)與書室(shi)(shi)對(dui)門(men);由西(xi)(xi)門(men)入(ru),書室(shi)(shi)二(er)間(jian)、客廳三間(jian),客廳南(nan)(nan)對(dui)者為(wei)(wei)“琴鶴軒”,亦為(wei)(wei)射廳,凡三間(jian);射廳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)馬(ma)廄,有井以(yi)飲馬(ma),有祠屋(wu)為(wei)(wei)間(jian)者四(si)而庳,以(yi)祀馬(ma)祖。自(zi)二(er)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)入(ru)門(men),為(wei)(wei)知府(fu)內宅,住房(fang)三間(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)洞房(fang)各(ge)(ge)二(er),廂房(fang)各(ge)(ge)三,門(men)外(wai)(wai)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)偏房(fang)各(ge)(ge)一,又東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)廚,最后(hou)房(fang)五間(jian),因山(shan)為(wei)(wei)趾,勢獨高,見(jian)郭外(wai)(wai)諸峰;房(fang)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)(ge)三間(jian),又夾道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)二(er)間(jian),東(dong)(dong)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

清代寧武府(fu)疆(jiang)域:在山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)布政(zheng)司西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廣三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),南北(bei)(bei)袤(mao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)朔州(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),又東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同府(fu)應州(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),山(shan)陰縣(xian)界(jie)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)原(yuan)府(fu)岢嵐(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),又西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)德州(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代州(zhou)(zhou)崞縣(xian)界(jie)七里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)泉營邊(bian)墻(qiang)界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)靜樂(le)縣(xian)界(jie)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);東(dong)北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)平魯縣(xian)界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老(lao)營堡邊(bian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)治三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同府(fu)治三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)德州(zhou)(zhou)河曲縣(xian)界(jie)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老(lao)牛灣(wan)蒙(meng)古界(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。自府(fu)治由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)同府(fu)經(jing)直隸宣化府(fu),入居庸關(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京師(shi)(shi)一(yi)千四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);由代州(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易州(zhou)(zhou),入紫(zi)荊(jing)關(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京師(shi)(shi)九百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。

乾隆年間寧武府屬四縣(xian)人口:

寧武(wu)府屬四(si)縣,乾隆十(shi)(shi)年(nian)分至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian),審定戶口(kou)共:土(tu)著民二萬(wan)二千五百七十(shi)(shi)戶,男(nan)女共十(shi)(shi)二萬(wan)六(liu)千四(si)百十(shi)(shi)六(liu)口(kou);大口(kou)六(liu)萬(wan)五千六(liu)百三十(shi)(shi)九,小口(kou)六(liu)萬(wan)七百七十(shi)(shi)七。

縣倚郭

筑于成化二(er)年(nian)(1466年(nian)),初為(wei)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng),巡(xun)(xun)撫都(dou)御史李(li)侃請即古寧(ning)(ning)化軍(jun)(jun)口(kou)置關(guan),設都(dou)指揮(hui)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)守備(bei)。乃以(yi)是年(nian)丁亥(1467年(nian))三(san)月(yue)始事(shi),明’年(nian)(1467年(nian))四(si)月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)訖,以(yi)總兵鎮(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi),遂為(wei)鎮(zhen)城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)踞華蓋山(shan),因其(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而俯其(qi)(qi)東、南(nan)、西(xi)三(san)面(mian),周四(si)里(li)(li)許,基(ji)五(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang),面(mian)廣半之(zhi)(zhi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)有奇,門(men)(men)其(qi)(qi)東、西(xi)、南(nan)三(san)面(mian)而閉其(qi)(qi)北(bei)。東門(men)(men)曰(yue)“仁勝”,西(xi)門(men)(men)曰(yue)“人和”,南(nan)曰(yue)“迎熏”,上(shang)建重(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)。(宏)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1498年(nian)),巡(xun)(xun)撫魏紳(shen)拓廣之(zhi)(zhi),周七(qi)里(li)(li)一(yi)百二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)步,增埤五(wu)尺,加開北(bei)門(men)(men),亦(yi)建飛樓(lou)于上(shang),名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“鎮(zhen)朔”。城(cheng)(cheng)狹于南(nan)北(bei),長于東西(xi),其(qi)(qi)形科橢,望之(zhi)(zhi)若敷巾(jin)幅然,然皆(jie)土筑。萬(wan)(歷(li))元年(nian)(1573年(nian)),巡(xun)(xun)撫趙(zhao)某議包以(yi)石,益(yi)加增高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),連女墻四(si)丈(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺,然未果(guo)。行至(zhi)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(1606年(nian)),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)道郭光復始甃以(yi)磚,又筑東、西(xi)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng),皆(jie)磚甃,共(gong)長一(yi)千七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)余丈(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)尺。西(xi)關(guan)門(men)(men)曰(yue)“永寧(ning)(ning)”,其(qi)(qi)南(nan)出者曰(yue)“阜財”;東關(guan)門(men)(men)曰(yue)“久安”,其(qi)(qi)南(nan)出者曰(yue)“解慍”,下有塹。先是萬(wan)(歷(li))二(er)年(nian)(1574年(nian)),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)守備(bei)某筑護城(cheng)(cheng)墩于城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)山(shan)上(shang),方二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八丈(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)基(ji),基(ji)上(shang)為(wei)臺(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)為(wei)樓(lou)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong),樓(lou)外列堞(die)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si),登之(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)眺百里(li)(li);臺(tai)(tai)下周以(yi)磚墻,直一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang),環廣四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang),墻上(shang)列垛(duo)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi),屹然與城(cheng)(cheng)表里(li)(li),巡(xun)(xun)撫魏允貞所使(shi)也,今(jin)樓(lou)垛(duo)以(yi)廢。國朝置府城(cheng)(cheng),因其(qi)(qi)舊寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)營(ying)在焉。乾隆六年(nian)(1741年(nian)),東關(guan)門(men)(men)樓(lou)圮,知府魏元樞重(zhong)(zhong)葺(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)顏,曰(yue)“望華”,并修南(nan)、北(bei)二(er)角樓(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)接鳳凰山(shan),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)人又呼為(wei)“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)”。

社稷壇:在(zai)南關(guan)河外,雍(yong)正三年(nian)(1725年(nian))建(jian)。壇廣二(er)丈五尺(chi),高二(er)尺(chi)一(yi)寸(cun),陛,東、南、西(xi)各(ge)三級(ji),無(wu)封樹(shu)。

風云雷雨山川壇(tan):在北關山坳,雍正三年建。壇(tan)基、高、廣與(yu)社稷壇(tan)同,無封樹(shu)。

先農壇(tan)(tan):在郡(jun)東門(men)外,教場東北。雍正五年(nian)(1727年(nian)),署寧武令(ling)、太(tai)原府西(xi)糧同知(zhi)董泗儒奉文(wen)建。壇(tan)(tan)制與山川、社稷同。大殿五間(jian),門(men)樓一座,左右角門(men)二(er),農器庫二(er)間(jian),官廳二(er)間(jian),壇(tan)(tan)旁地四畝九(jiu)分以為(wei)田(tian),季春亥日,郡(jun)、縣官九(jiu),推行(xing)事如制。

八蠟廟:在府東(dong)關(guan)外(wai)。

厲壇(tan):在郡西關。

城(cheng)隍廟:在府治(zhi)西北,華(hua)蓋(gai)山(shan)之陽。

寧武府學

在府治西(xi)北城之(zhi)陽,繚以(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)垣(yuan),外(wai)(wai)為大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)樹以(yi)屏(ping)壁,夾以(yi)兩坊(fang)。自(zi)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)入,為泮池(chi),池(chi)上有橋,橋南為欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),凡三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。入欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),入自(zi)戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為大(da)成殿(dian),殿(dian)五(wu)楹,左(zuo)右(you)為東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩廡,廡各(ge)(ge)(ge)五(wu)楹;其(qi)戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)傍東(dong)(dong)西(xi)角門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。名(ming)宦祠(ci)在戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)左(zuo),鄉(xiang)賢祠(ci)在戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you),各(ge)(ge)(ge)凡三(san)(san)楹。齋(zhai)宿房(fang)在欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內左(zuo),省牲所(suo)在欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內右(you),各(ge)(ge)(ge)凡三(san)(san)楹。明倫堂在大(da)成殿(dian)后,堂左(zuo)右(you)齋(zhai)房(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);崇(chong)(chong)圣(sheng)祠(ci)三(san)(san)楹,在明倫堂東(dong)(dong);其(qi)在崇(chong)(chong)圣(sheng)祠(ci)南,欞(ling)星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)者,為魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)樓(lou)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)建于(yu)(yu)雍(yong)正五(wu)年(nian)(1757年(nian))三(san)(san)月,唯(wei)尊經堂未及構云。寧武(wu)(wu)府儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)教授(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)人,訓導一(yi)(yi)(yi)人,署在文廟西(xi)偏。講堂三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)斗、班房(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。教授(shou)宅(zhai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座,住房(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)配房(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。訓導宅(zhai)如之(zhi),其(qi)外(wai)(wai)為大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。學(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)所(suo)貯書(shu)(shu):《十(shi)三(san)(san)經注疏》一(yi)(yi)(yi)部,通(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)二十(shi)本,為函十(shi)二;《二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)史》一(yi)(yi)(yi)部,通(tong)五(wu)百(bai)本,為函五(wu)十(shi);《明史》一(yi)(yi)(yi)部,通(tong)百(bai)十(shi)二本,為函十(shi)二。先是經史皆買(mai)于(yu)(yu)布政(zheng)司(si),而使郡縣學(xue)(xue)(xue)領焉。獨寧武(wu)(wu)府學(xue)(xue)(xue),以(yi)無尊經閣,與(yu)禮部例不(bu)相比,且不(bu)得(de)(de)領。時永平魏侯(hou)元樞知郡事,乃與(yu)寧武(wu)(wu)令(ling)(ling)施作楫(ji)、神池(chi)令(ling)(ling)李識蒙、五(wu)寨令(ling)(ling)劉(liu)耀珪,共捐俸銀輸官以(yi)當(dang)書(shu)(shu)值,遂得(de)(de)領歸。郡學(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)舊所(suo)有:《周(zhou)(zhou)易折中(zhong)》、《書(shu)(shu)》、《詩》、《春秋三(san)(san)經傳(chuan)》;說若《朱子全(quan)書(shu)(shu)》、《康(kang)熙字典(dian)》、《康(kang)濟(ji)錄》、《急公(gong)自(zi)愛書(shu)(shu)》、《四書(shu)(shu)講義(yi)》、《學(xue)(xue)(xue)政(zheng)全(quan)書(shu)(shu)》等,凡十(shi)部,使學(xue)(xue)(xue)廣文掌藏之(zhi)。

寧化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng):宋嘉(jia)(jia)祐六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1061年(nian)(nian)),以河西西夏人往(wang)來(lai)隘(ai)口,乃立(li)寧化(hua)軍,因隋(sui)汾(fen)陽宮城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)舊址,廓而筑之(zhi),金、元因之(zhi)。明洪武(wu)二年(nian)(nian)(1369年(nian)(nian))設寧化(hua)巡檢(jian)(jian)司,山西都(dou)(dou)指揮使(shi)常守道帥官軍來(lai)屯,將(jiang)舊城(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)里二百七(qi)(qi)十步(bu)、南邊關廂裁去,于城(cheng)(cheng)東山坡上(shang),隨地形勢筑城(cheng)(cheng)二里一(yi)(yi)百九十七(qi)(qi)步(bu),未完調去。五年(nian)(nian)(1372年(nian)(nian)),延安侯唐宗(zong)勝(sheng)、千(qian)戶(hu)唐成繼成其(qi)功,城(cheng)(cheng)高三丈一(yi)(yi)尺,壕深一(yi)(yi)丈,城(cheng)(cheng)樓六(liu)座。十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1378年(nian)(nian)),改(gai)巡檢(jian)(jian)為寧化(hua)守御千(qian)戶(hu)所,隸山西都(dou)(dou)司。嘉(jia)(jia)靖中,改(gai)隸寧武(wu)。至萬(歷)十四年(nian)(nian)(1586年(nian)(nian)),甃土城(cheng)(cheng)以磚,當(dang)改(gai)寧化(hua)所,時設掌印千(qian)戶(hu)、巡捕、城(cheng)(cheng)操吏目各一(yi)(yi)。中有靜樂倉,今仍為寧化(hua)巡檢(jian)(jian)司。

本路(lu)參將設于(yu)嘉靖(jing)二(er)(er)(er)十七(qi)(qi)年,駐扎利民,所轄(xia)寧(ning)武(wu)、盤(pan)道梁、神池、利民、八角、寧(ning)化、長(chang)林、陽方八城堡,凡屬守備(bei)五(wu),防守二(er)(er)(er),千(qian)戶所者三(san),分管內邊東起廣武(wu)界神樹(shu)梁,西盡老營(ying)界地椒峁,沿長(chang)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)九里零四十丈,邊墩一百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十四座(zuo),火(huo)路(lu)墩一百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十一座(zuo)。邊之(zhi)內外續(xu)設小(xiao)(xiao)蓮花、夾柳樹(shu)、燕兒水、雕窩梁、玄岡(gang)口(kou)、朔寧(ning)、狗兒澗、圪(土老)罐、石湖嶺、西溝(gou)(gou)口(kou)、得(de)勝(sheng)、勒馬(ma)溝(gou)(gou)、蔣家峪(yu)、乾柴溝(gou)(gou)、野(ye)豬溝(gou)(gou)一十五(wu)堡以(yi)為犄角。兵(bing)馬(ma)除軍(jun)(jun)門標(biao)下兩掖(ye)營(ying)散兵(bing)及標(biao)正二(er)(er)(er)營(ying)外,闔路(lu)見在官(guan)軍(jun)(jun)九千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)八十七(qi)(qi)員(yuan)名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)三(san)千(qian)七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)十匹(pi)頭(tou)(tou),內援兵(bing)官(guan)軍(jun)(jun)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)六百(bai)(bai)四十五(wu)員(yuan)名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)九匹(pi)頭(tou)(tou)。本路(lu)東西援雁、平、偏老,北(bei)控三(san)云,南(nan)藩全晉,蓋山西鎮(zhen)之(zhi)要害也。嘉隆間頻(pin)遭虜患,故于(yu)沖(chong)緊各處續(xu)添前項小(xiao)(xiao)堡,分兵(bing)據守以(yi)扼(e)虜沖(chong)。款后烽火(huo)不(bu)警,干戈載(zai)戢(ji),軍(jun)(jun)民幸帖(tie)枕席之(zhi)安。顧款久則(ze)弛,兵(bing)驕(jiao)則(ze)玩,乘此閃暇之(zhi)時,正當圖(tu)綢繆(mou)之(zhi)計,一切詰兵(bing)儲餉,未可以(yi)款事而遽忽(hu)之(zhi)也。

寧文堡

本城舊筑小(xiao)土(tu)堡(bao)于今城之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi),是為(wei)寧文堡(bao)。景泰元年(nian)(nian)(nian)筑寧武土(tu)城,成化間展修之(zhi)(zhi),隆(long)慶四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)始議磚石包砌焉(yan),周七里零(ling)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六步,高連女墻四(si)(si)丈二尺(chi)。萬歷二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)添(tian)筑西(xi)(xi)關(guan)土(tu)堡(bao)一(yi)座,周四(si)(si)百(bai)六丈三(san)(san)(san)尺(chi),二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)又建東關(guan)土(tu)堡(bao)一(yi)座,周五百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六丈九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi),俱(ju)高三(san)(san)(san)丈五尺(chi)。初設守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)備(bei)一(yi)員,弘治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)添(tian)設守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)御千戶所(suo),嘉靖(jing)(jing)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)移偏頭關(guan),副總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)改為(wei)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)鎮守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)于此,添(tian)正兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),坐營標兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)備(bei)各(ge)一(yi)員,三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)設寧武兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)備(bei)道及管糧通判,建學立(li)倉,規(gui)制大備(bei),屹然稱(cheng)雄鎮矣。見在官(guan)軍標,正營六千一(yi)百(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)員名,馬(ma)騾(luo)五千九(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)匹(pi)(pi)頭,守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)備(bei)所(suo)領并寧武所(suo)二千二百(bai)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六員名,馬(ma)騾(luo)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匹(pi)(pi)頭。分管內邊(bian)沿長四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里零(ling)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五丈,邊(bian)墩(dun)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二座,火路(lu)墩(dun)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五座,與(yu)所(suo)轄朔寧,陽(yang)方(fang),狗兒三(san)(san)(san)堡(bao)防守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)把總畫(hua)地守(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)。內陽(yang)方(fang)并西(xi)(xi)溝口,苦參窊等處皆虜馬(ma)經涉之(zhi)(zhi)處,嘉靖(jing)(jing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)大舉(ju)二次(ci),皆由(you)此入搶至忻州,崞縣,地方(fang)大遭荼毒(du)。故設總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)據(ju)險扼吭,統重兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)彈壓(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)。無事則居中調度,有(you)虎豹在山之(zhi)(zhi)勢,遇警(jing)則隨(sui)在策應,無豺(chai)狼(lang)嗥野之(zhi)(zhi)虞。三(san)(san)(san)關(guan)保障胥有(you)賴焉(yan),非止寧武一(yi)隅已(yi)也(ye)。惟是地當(dang)孤懸(xuan),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)鮮土(tu)著,總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)統標、正各(ge)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)雖多驍健(jian),然半系四(si)(si)方(fang)烏合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong),驕悍素(su)號難制,駕馭頗費調停。惟在大將平日威愛并濟,鼓(gu)舞有(you)方(fang),使烏合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)心樂為(wei)我(wo)用,臨時調發應敵,以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)克捷不難矣。至一(yi)切兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)食之(zhi)(zhi)計(ji),鎮道同心,謀必萬全云。

陽方堡

本堡(bao)于(yu)嘉靖于(yu)十(shi)八年土筑,萬歷(li)四年磚包,周二里零(ling)八十(shi)步(bu),高(gao)三(san)(san)丈五尺(chi).設防守(shou)一員分領守(shou)備營(ying)及(ji)改撥(bo)見在旗軍(jun)三(san)(san)百(bai)四十(shi)九名,管邊(bian)一十(shi)三(san)(san)里零(ling)一百(bai)五十(shi)步(bu),邊(bian)墩三(san)(san)十(shi)座,內西(xi)水(shui)口,苦參窊二處(chu)極沖(chong),通大(da)虜(lu)(lu).本堡(bao)雖離虜(lu)(lu)巢(chao)稍(shao)遠,實為三(san)(san)關(guan)屏翰,寧武要沖(chong).議者謂(wei)虜(lu)(lu)犯大(da)同(tong),大(da)將當提兵(bing)移(yi)駐于(yu)此,一以(yi)擁(yong)護雁門而虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢東視(shi),一以(yi)策(ce)應偏,利而虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢西(xi)下,朔,云(yun)且藉以(yi)聲援而虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢外住蹂躪(lin)矣.蓋(gai)門戶鞏(gong)固,則(ze)堂奧(ao)自(zi)安,此最得(de)肯(ken)綮云(yun).

寧化城

本城洪(hong)武十二(er)年(nian)土筑,萬(wan)歷(li)十年(nian)磚包,周三里零二(er)百一十二(er)步(bu),高三丈三尺.設守御(yu)千戶所,掌印巡捕,城操各一員,所領(ling)見在官軍七百四十員名,火路墩(dun)九座.本城地近腹里,雖非(fei)沖劇(ju),然支鍋石,小嶺兒虜(lu)騎(qi)可通(tong),亦(yi)屬要害,嘉靖(jing)間(jian)曾(ceng)兩經入犯(fan),地方頗遭花毒(du).必須防守嚴(yan)密,庶可保(bao)障無恐,甚勿以近腹而少忽之(zhi).

盤道梁堡

本堡(bao)(bao)新(xin)舊磚城(cheng)二(er)座(zuo)(zuo),一土建于(yu)(yu)嘉(jia)靖三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年,萬歷十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年磚包(bao),今在邊(bian)外(wai),二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年因(yin)地勢低洼,改(gai)移新(xin)城(cheng)于(yu)(yu)邊(bian)內,周一里零(ling)一百四步,高三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)尺.初設(she)防(fang)守(shou),繼改(gai)操守(shou),二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年始設(she)守(shou)備,先屬雁平,后改(gai)寧武,所(suo)(suo)(suo)領見在官軍七(qi)百三(san)員名(ming),馬(ma)(ma)騾一百四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匹(pi)頭.分管內邊(bian)沿長(chang)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八里零(ling)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang),內磚石包(bao)砌(qi)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里,靠山鏟削一十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)里零(ling)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang),邊(bian)墩(dun)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六座(zuo)(zuo),火路(lu)墩(dun)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四座(zuo)(zuo),與所(suo)(suo)(suo)轄小蓮花,惡化柳(liu)樹,燕(yan)兒水(shui),雕窩(wo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang),玄岡口五(wu)堡(bao)(bao)防(fang)守(shou)畫(hua)地守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).本堡(bao)(bao)坐(zuo)落山巔,汲水(shui)外(wai)溝,土脈(mo)砂松(song),墻(qiang)垣易圯.且邊(bian)長(chang)兵寡,分布為難,極沖(chong)凡一十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)處,嘉(jia)靖間(jian)大虜兩(liang)次內犯(fan)忻(xin)州(zhou)等處,俱由此(ci)出入.內火燒梁(liang)(liang)(liang)駱駝梁(liang)(liang)(liang),金家嘴舊有邊(bian)壕,今宜挑浚(jun),雕窩(wo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)山徑可通虜馬(ma)(ma),今宜阻塞.其(qi)燕(yan)兒水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臥羊坡尤虜屯牧(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處,相連漫(man)坡,易于(yu)(yu)馳突.若修墻(qiang)臺,浚(jun)壕塹(qian)以遏其(qi)入,庶(shu)可免侵(qin)軼(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患,此(ci)在守(shou)土者所(suo)(suo)(suo)當加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意耳.

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《寧(ning)武關》,傳統(tong)戲曲(qu)曲(qu)目,事見《鐵(tie)冠圖》傳奇。

《寧(ning)武關》,京劇(ju)又名《別母亂(luan)箭》、《一(yi)門(men)忠烈》,該(gai)劇(ju)早年曾為余叔巖、言菊朋的代表劇(ju)目,因(yin)世人對(dui)該(gai)劇(ju)主題及人物褒(bao)貶各異,故不常演以至今(jin)已失傳。

故事大(da)意:明末,李自(zi)成率部攻打寧武關(guan),守將(jiang)周遇(yu)吉(ji)固守,終難抵擋。周遇(yu)吉(ji)突(tu)圍探母(mu),欲保護老母(mu)及妻兒等(deng)逃(tao)離,周母(mu)誓(shi)與(yu)城池共存,令(ling)其再(zai)戰。李自(zi)成兵(bing)逼城關(guan),周母(mu)令(ling)媳、孫自(zi)殺,然后(hou)(hou)放(fang)火(huo)自(zi)焚。周遇(yu)吉(ji)力(li)抗(kang)義軍,被亂(luan)箭(jian)射(she)傷,后(hou)(hou)自(zi)刎身亡。

此劇(ju)(ju)(ju)為京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、昆曲文武老生傳統戲之一(yi),全劇(ju)(ju)(ju)通唱(chang)曲牌(pai),亦文亦武,在別母、中(zhong)箭、殉城等場次中(zhong),有(you)繁難的身段表(biao)演(yan)及(ji)曲牌(pai)演(yan)唱(chang)。川劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、湘劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、桂劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、秦腔、同(tong)州梆子、河北梆子均(jun)有(you)此劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu),徽劇(ju)(ju)(ju)名(ming)《別母亂(luan)箭》。

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