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萬里長城-寧武關
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寧武關是一個景點。它是為晉北古樓煩(古部落名)地。戰國時,趙武靈王曾在此置樓煩關,以防匈奴。寧武,秦漢為樓煩縣地,置有樓煩關,今縣南的寧化村,即為樓煩關南口,縣北的陽方口,即為樓煩關北口。北魏時廣寧、神武二郡先后治此,隋時先后屬崞縣、靜樂縣。唐置寧武郡,始用寧武之稱,取廣寧、神武二郡尾字而得。或說其地有舊寧文堡,取文武對應之義,因有此稱。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山(shan)西省忻州(zhou)市寧武縣人民(min)大街12號附近(jin)
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附近有 1 個景點: 山西管涔山國家森林公園(2km)   
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基本介紹

寧武關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)三(san)(san)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鎮守總兵駐所(suo)所(suo)在(zai)地(di)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)景泰元年(nian)(nian)(公元1450年(nian)(nian)),在(zai)明(ming)成化(hua)、正德、隆慶(qing)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),均有修(xiu)繕。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄踞于(yu)恒山(shan)余脈的(de)(de)華蓋(gai)山(shan)之上,臨恢河,俯(fu)瞰東、西(xi)(xi)、南三(san)(san)面,周(zhou)(zhou)長2公里(li)(li),開東、西(xi)(xi)、南三(san)(san)門(men)(men)。成化(hua)二年(nian)(nian)(公元1466年(nian)(nian))增(zeng)修(xiu)之后(hou),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)圍約2公里(li)(li),基寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi),頂寬(kuan)7.5米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)約10米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、西(xi)(xi)、南三(san)(san)面開門(men)(men)。成化(hua)十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公元1479年(nian)(nian)),由(you)巡(xun)撫(fu)魏紳(shen)主(zhu)持,拓廣關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),周(zhou)(zhou)長3500多米(mi)(mi),加(jia)辟(pi)北(bei)門(men)(men),建(jian)飛(fei)樓(lou)(lou)于(yu)其上,起(qi)名為(wei)(wei)鎮朔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南北(bei)較狹,東西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)長,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)長七里(li)(li),呈長方形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)(gao)大堅(jian)固,四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)炮臺(tai)、敵(di)樓(lou)(lou)星(xing)羅棋布(bu)。到弘治十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公元1498年(nian)(nian)),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又(you)被擴展為(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)圍約3.5公里(li)(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)1.5米(mi)(mi),并加(jia)開了(le)(le)北(bei)門(men)(men),不(bu)過這時的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)仍為(wei)(wei)黃土夯筑,磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)歷三(san)(san)十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(公元1606年(nian)(nian))包(bao)砌的(de)(de)。萬(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian),在(zai)全部用(yong)青磚包(bao)砌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)同時,還(huan)修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)(le)東西(xi)(xi)2座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)華蓋(gai)山(shan)頂修(xiu)筑了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)座巍峨聳(song)峙的(de)(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩(dun),墩(dun)上筑有一(yi)(yi)座三(san)(san)層重樓(lou)(lou),名為(wei)(wei)華蓋(gai)樓(lou)(lou)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)僅與內(nei)長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)連,而且(qie)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)還(huan)修(xiu)筑了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)長達二十公里(li)(li)的(de)(de)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)。寧武據(ju)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)山(shan)之北(bei),傳說由(you)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)所(suo)變,故有“鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之稱(cheng),遇敵(di)侵犯可神奇地(di)飛(fei)走。但見城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池猶(you)如鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)身,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)華蓋(gai)山(shan)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩(dun)酷似鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)首,東西(xi)(xi)延伸的(de)(de)兩堡儼然鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)翅,南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之迎薰樓(lou)(lou),正如高(gao)(gao)翹(qiao)的(de)(de)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)尾。雄居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)鼓樓(lou)(lou),堪稱(cheng)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)的(de)(de)心臟,使人產生美妙的(de)(de)聯想(xiang)。萬(wan)(wan)歷末年(nian)(nian),增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),加(jia)以磚包(bao),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更為(wei)(wei)堅(jian)固雄壯。

當時為(wei)(wei)(wei)了抵御(yu)蒙古的進(jin)攻,在(zai)北方(fang)不斷設險置關(guan)(guan)、修筑防線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),形(xing)成了外(wai)(wai)邊與內(nei)邊。而內(nei)邊者,就是指(zhi)西(xi)起(qi)山西(xi)偏關(guan)(guan)縣,經神池(chi)、寧武、代縣、朔(shuo)縣、河北蔚縣等(deng)地,抵河北延慶縣的內(nei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長城,蜿蜒1000多公里。在(zai)這條防線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang),創關(guan)(guan)設堡,駐(zhu)守軍隊。在(zai)河北境內(nei)者,沿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設紫荊、倒(dao)馬(ma)、居庸三關(guan)(guan),稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)三關(guan)(guan)。在(zai)山西(xi)境內(nei),設偏頭(tou)、寧武、雁(yan)門三關(guan)(guan),稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)三關(guan)(guan)。外(wai)(wai)三關(guan)(guan)之中(zhong),偏頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)極(ji)邊,雁(yan)門為(wei)(wei)(wei)沖要,而寧武介二關(guan)(guan)之中(zhong),控扼內(nei)邊之首(shou),形(xing)勢尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)重要。故《邊防考》上(shang)說:“以(yi)重兵駐(zhu)此,東可(ke)(ke)以(yi)衛雁(yan)門,西(xi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)援偏關(guan)(guan),北可(ke)(ke)以(yi)應云(yun)朔(shuo),蓋地利得勢。”

寧(ning)武關(guan)(guan)(guan)是三關(guan)(guan)(guan)中歷(li)代戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)最為頻(pin)繁的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)口。當(dang)時北方游(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)(min)族(zu)南下,必經(jing)三關(guan)(guan)(guan)。偏關(guan)(guan)(guan)由于有(you)黃河作為天險,只有(you)冬季匈(xiong)奴的(de)騎(qi)兵才可以(yi)踏冰而過,而雁門以(yi)山為天險,騎(qi)兵難以(yi)突(tu)破。寧(ning)武關(guan)(guan)(guan)所(suo)(suo)靠的(de)恢(hui)河是季節性河流,在(zai)恢(hui)河斷流的(de)季節,匈(xiong)奴騎(qi)兵就沿(yan)河谷揮師南進,直抵關(guan)(guan)(guan)下,當(dang)時恢(hui)河河谷可容“十(shi)騎(qi)并進”,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)大(da)多(duo)數時候,寧(ning)武關(guan)(guan)(guan)成為游(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)(min)族(zu)和農(nong)耕(geng)民(min)(min)族(zu)交戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)主要(yao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場。歷(li)史(shi)上因鮮卑、突(tu)厥、契丹、蒙古等游(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)(min)族(zu)南下掠擄,經(jing)常選(xuan)擇寧(ning)武關(guan)(guan)(guan)為突(tu)破口,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)歷(li)史(shi)時期,這里的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)幾(ji)乎(hu)連年不斷。在(zai)寧(ning)武關(guan)(guan)(guan)千百年來的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)紀錄(lu)中,最后一場大(da)仗發生(sheng)在(zai)明末崇(chong)禎年間。

當北(bei)(bei)同蒲鐵路(lu)線上北(bei)(bei)上的列車像一(yi)條(tiao)巨龍(long)一(yi)樣,由煤鄉軒崗西(xi)北(bei)(bei)的崇(chong)山(shan)(shan)峻嶺中穿越而過之(zhi)后,眼前,一(yi)座現(xian)代化的小城便出現(xian)在鐵路(lu)線西(xi)的河(he)(he)谷中,這就是(shi)古代的晉北(bei)(bei)重(zhong)鎮——寧武(wu)關的所(suo)在地(di)(di)。寧武(wu)關故(gu)址就是(shi)今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省寧武(wu)縣(xian)城,當呂梁山(shan)(shan)脈北(bei)(bei)支(zhi)蘆芽山(shan)(shan)和云(yun)中山(shan)(shan)交會的谷口(kou)。谷口(kou)寬(kuan)廣,敞(chang)向北(bei)(bei)面(mian)的朔(shuo)縣(xian)盆(pen)地(di)(di)。三面(mian)環山(shan)(shan),北(bei)(bei)倚內(nei)長(chang)城,深(shen)居于四面(mian)屏蔽的腹地(di)(di),形(xing)勢穩固,易守難攻。這里(li)處于大(da)同、朔(shuo)縣(xian)聯合盆(pen)地(di)(di)的南緣(yuan),地(di)(di)形(xing)高亢(kang)。山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省內(nei)兩條(tiao)大(da)河(he)(he)桑(sang)干河(he)(he)和汾河(he)(he)即源于此(ci)(ci),分流南北(bei)(bei)。東西(xi)兩面(mian)又有(you)滹沱河(he)(he)、黃(huang)河(he)(he)的支(zhi)流由此(ci)(ci)流出。因此(ci)(ci),這里(li)雖是(shi)山(shan)(shan)區,卻具路(lu)通四方(fang)之(zhi)利,交通方(fang)便。由此(ci)(ci)北(bei)(bei)上可(ke)到(dao)大(da)同,南下可(ke)達太原。

寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關,在(zai)今寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)縣城區。始建于(yu)明代中期,為萬里長城上的重要(yao)關隘,地勢險要(yao),因其地處(chu)“三關”中路,素有“北屏大同(tong),南扼太原,西應偏關,東(dong)援雁門”的戰略作(zuo)用。

歷史沿革

明(ming)(ming)代在中國(guo)歷史上(shang)是(shi)一個很(hen)難用一句話概括(kuo)的(de)(de)朝代。從推翻元朝開始(shi),明(ming)(ming)朝就不斷(duan)與北(bei)(bei)方少數(shu)民族征戰(zhan)。先(xian)是(shi)蒙古(gu),最后(hou)(hou)亡于(yu)(yu)清。朱元璋建國(guo)之(zhi)初,深知國(guo)力衰弱,而(er)又沒能將(jiang)“大元”殘(can)余(yu)勢力掃清。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)派(pai)遣朱棣駐北(bei)(bei),從戰(zhan)略上(shang)來說就是(shi)遏制蒙古(gu)入侵(qin)。而(er)燕王(wang)征南之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),可能源于(yu)(yu)奪了侄子(zi)帝位而(er)愧對祖先(xian),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)遷都(dou)北(bei)(bei)京。然而(er)這個遷都(dou)的(de)(de)舉動(dong),卻將(jiang)大明(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝的(de)(de)中心近距離(li)地(di)展現在蒙古(gu)面前。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)朱棣在永(yong)樂十年(nian)以后(hou)(hou)開始(shi)北(bei)(bei)征。五次北(bei)(bei)征之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),除前兩次有所斬(zhan)獲外,其余(yu)多為勞(lao)民傷財,使得剛剛恢(hui)復的(de)(de)經濟又背(bei)上(shang)了沉重的(de)(de)包袱,為后(hou)(hou)世(shi)子(zi)孫留下了長久不息的(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭隱(yin)患。

明憲(xian)宗(zong)朱(zhu)見深是朱(zhu)棣(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)明代(dai)不(bu)多幾個有(you)些作(zuo)為的(de)皇(huang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)一。在他(ta)的(de)朝代(dai)建(jian)(jian)立寧武(wu)關其(qi)實是有(you)特殊(shu)含義的(de)。明憲(xian)宗(zong)的(de)父親就(jiu)(jiu)是創造被(bei)(bei)生擒(qin)“奇(qi)跡(ji)”的(de)魯莽皇(huang)帝明英宗(zong)。在明英宗(zong)時(shi),當(dang)時(shi)的(de)蒙(meng)古在漠北的(de)勢力已經(jing)一分為二,瓦剌與(yu)韃靼,瓦剌強大了(le)起來,并不(bu)斷騷擾明朝的(de)北邊(bian)。太(tai)監王振鼓(gu)動(dong)英宗(zong)對瓦剌御駕親征,但是準備不(bu)足,糧餉接濟不(bu)足,前線屢屢失(shi)敗。形勢不(bu)好,英宗(zong)撤軍(jun)(jun),在懷(huai)來城(cheng)外的(de)土木堡被(bei)(bei)包圍。全(quan)軍(jun)(jun)覆沒,英宗(zong)被(bei)(bei)俘。為了(le)避免被(bei)(bei)瓦剌威(wei)脅,在大臣于謙(qian)的(de)倡議下立英宗(zong)弟弟朱(zhu)祁(qi)鈺為帝,年(nian)(nian)號景(jing)泰。隨后(hou)(hou)朱(zhu)見深太(tai)子位(wei)置(zhi)被(bei)(bei)廢。“奪門之(zhi)(zhi)變”后(hou)(hou),他(ta)的(de)太(tai)子之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也失(shi)而復得。然而這樣(yang)的(de)經(jing)歷(li),使他(ta)精(jing)神壓力非常大,朱(zhu)見深繼(ji)位(wei)的(de)第二年(nian)(nian)改年(nian)(nian)號為“成(cheng)化”,而在成(cheng)化三年(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)建(jian)(jian)立寧武(wu)關,希(xi)望明王朝不(bu)要(yao)重蹈覆轍,防(fang)患(huan)于未然。在此之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),寧武(wu)關的(de)防(fang)御功(gong)能被(bei)(bei)發揮到淋漓(li)盡(jin)致(zhi),有(you)效的(de)擋住(zhu)了(le)蒙(meng)古的(de)入侵。

明(ming)正(zheng)德八年(1513)蒙(meng)古(gu)騎兵從大(da)同南下,進(jin)攻寧武關(guan),企(qi)圖(tu)由此進(jin)入(ru)晉(jin)中。守關(guan)官兵奮起抵抗,打敗蒙(meng)古(gu)兵,保(bao)衛(wei)了(le)(le)(le)晉(jin)中的(de)安(an)全。寧武關(guan)的(de)創設、加(jia)固以及(ji)沿關(guan)防(fang)戍的(de)修(xiu)筑,將(jiang)偏頭(tou)、雁門、寧武三關(guan)連為一線,有效(xiao)地(di)加(jia)強了(le)(le)(le)明(ming)朝北部邊防(fang),在相當(dang)時期內,保(bao)障(zhang)了(le)(le)(le)三晉(jin)人(ren)民的(de)安(an)全。

當(dang)時關防的(de)(de)設置,不僅有警邊御(yu)敵的(de)(de)意(yi)圖(tu),同時也有防止和鎮壓(ya)國內反抗(kang)的(de)(de)意(yi)圖(tu)。由于前幾任皇帝(di)的(de)(de)橫征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)暴斂(lian),以(yi)及(ji)對于蒙古的(de)(de)多次用兵,到了(le)崇禎皇帝(di)期間,國庫空虛。而此時蒙古勢力(li)(li)逐(zhu)漸弱(ruo)小,滿洲(zhou)勢力(li)(li)大增。為取得戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)勝利,崇禎皇帝(di)加征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)兵餉。朝廷征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)分,官(guan)員(yuan)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十分。在朝野腐敗的(de)(de)情況下,激起了(le)民變,李自成從陜北(bei)起義(yi)。在對大明朝的(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中,寧(ning)武一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)非(fei)常慘(can)烈。寧(ning)武破則北(bei)京危險。因此在此戰(zhan)(zhan)上,雙方都(dou)拼(pin)盡(jin)全力(li)(li)。明末這里曾發生過一(yi)場極(ji)其重要(yao)的(de)(de)大戰(zhan)(zhan)。但攻關的(de)(de)卻不是來自北(bei)方的(de)(de)入侵,而是來自后方的(de)(de)攻擊。

當(dang)明末農(nong)民(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風暴席卷陜、晉(jin)大(da)(da)地(di)時,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)又成(cheng)(cheng)為抵御李自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)民(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堡壘。公元1644年初,李自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)安(an)稱王后,隨即率大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)渡黃河,取(qu)(qu)道山西(xi)進行北(bei)(bei)伐(fa)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)勢如(ru)破竹(zhu),很快(kuai)便攻(gong)占了(le)(le)(le)(le)太原。當(dang)向北(bei)(bei)攻(gong)克雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)準備攻(gong)擊大(da)(da)同時,發現明軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)聚集(ji)了(le)(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)批軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)隊,有側擊起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企圖。當(dang)時李自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)由于(yu)曾(ceng)經(jing)在(zai)(zai)羅(luo)城吃過周(zhou)遇(yu)吉的(de)(de)(de)(de)敗仗,認為他是一(yi)(yi)塊硬骨頭,是有些(xie)害怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)準備放棄攻(gong)打寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan),繞城而(er)走,直取(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)同,盡快(kuai)攻(gong)擊北(bei)(bei)京(jing)皇城,然(ran)后再攻(gong)擊無援(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)。后來(lai)在(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)勸說下(xia),以(yi)及寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)三關(guan)(guan)中相互策應的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要位(wei)置,李自(zi)又返身南(nan)下(xia),奮戰七晝(zhou)夜(ye)以(yi)慘重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)價(jia)擊敗鎮守(shou)雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三關(guan)(guan)總(zong)兵周(zhou)遇(yu)吉,為奪取(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)掃(sao)清了(le)(le)(le)(le)障礙。如(ru)今在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)恢河東岸,仍有周(zhou)遇(yu)吉之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu),為磚石所筑。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)戰整(zheng)(zheng)整(zheng)(zheng)打了(le)(le)(le)(le)七個晝(zhou)夜(ye),起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)經(jing)血戰最終破城全殲了(le)(le)(le)(le)守(shou)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)明軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),但(dan)打的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻十分艱苦(ku)。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)戰也(ye)充分見證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)要和堅(jian)固。也(ye)正是因為這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)戰,堅(jian)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)崇禎誓不南(nan)遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)心(xin)。他認為憑借層(ceng)層(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)足可阻擋起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)勢,可從容等(deng)待各路(lu)勤王之(zhi)(zhi)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來(lai)。但(dan)他怎(zen)么也(ye)想不到(dao),自(zi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)戰之(zhi)(zhi)后,大(da)(da)同、宣化、居庸關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三處守(shou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),以(yi)及調去的(de)(de)(de)(de)援(yuan)(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),竟(jing)然(ran)全部不戰而(er)降。層(ceng)層(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)要塞全成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)擺設,致使起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)長驅直入,迅速包圍了(le)(le)(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)城。在(zai)(zai)那場勢如(ru)破竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)中,農(nong)民(min)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)竟(jing)然(ran)苦(ku)戰七晝(zhou)夜(ye),付出了(le)(le)(le)(le)慘重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)代(dai)(dai)價(jia),以(yi)至于(yu)到(dao)處開倉放糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)李自(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)怒之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)火(huo)燒(shao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan),說明了(le)(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)固與險(xian)要,如(ru)此慘烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭也(ye)說明了(le)(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事地(di)理(li)位(wei)置上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)也(ye)因此聞(wen)名(ming)天下(xia)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)見證(zheng)明王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)衰敗,其(qi)實某種程度上(shang)不也(ye)說明:真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)口不在(zai)(zai)外形,而(er)更在(zai)(zai)人心(xin)。

在(zai)現代戰(zhan)爭中,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)也是戰(zhan)略(lve)要地(di)。抗日戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)為晉西(xi)北抗日根據地(di)的(de)一部分(fen)。1938年(nian),日偽軍(jun)一萬余(yu)人(ren)分(fen)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)圍(wei)攻晉西(xi)北根據地(di),并(bing)占領了(le)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)等七縣城(cheng)。八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師(shi)采取集(ji)中兵力各個擊(ji)(ji)破(po)的(de)策(ce)略(lve),首先擊(ji)(ji)敗(bai)其它各地(di)的(de)敵人(ren),然后以(yi)(yi)主力在(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)外圍(wei)活動(dong),切斷敵軍(jun)歸路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),并(bing)以(yi)(yi)一部分(fen)緊逼寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。這(zhe)時(shi)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)之敵便在(zai)從陽方口(kou)南下敵人(ren)的(de)接應下,棄城(cheng)北竄,120師(shi)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)沉重打(da)擊(ji)(ji),終(zhong)于收(shou)復了(le)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。在(zai)1940年(nian)的(de)百(bai)團大(da)戰(zhan)中,八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師(shi)曾(ceng)以(yi)(yi)截斷同(tong)(tong)蒲路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)北段交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)為目的(de),以(yi)(yi)主力破(po)擊(ji)(ji)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)——軒崗段,在(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)、忻(xin)州展開破(po)擊(ji)(ji)戰(zhan),有(you)力地(di)打(da)擊(ji)(ji)了(le)日本(ben)侵略(lve)軍(jun)。現今(jin)山西(xi)南北交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大(da)動(dong)脈同(tong)(tong)蒲鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)從寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關穿過(guo),又(you)有(you)公路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)向四方。這(zhe)里仍為晉北的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)要地(di)。

清朝建(jian)(jian)立(li)以后,因為(wei)(wei)與蒙古的(de)和(he)睦關系,寧武關的(de)要沖、防御作用基本喪失,成了祥(xiang)和(he)的(de)聚居之(zhi)地(di),遂(sui)將(jiang)關城(cheng)(cheng)改為(wei)(wei)府城(cheng)(cheng)。其(qi)防御設施(shi)和(he)內長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)逐漸(jian)廢(fei)棄,成為(wei)(wei)了還(huan)尚可辨認的(de)遺跡。現存(cun)關城(cheng)(cheng)舊址范圍分(fen)西關和(he)東關兩部分(fen),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)依山(shan)勢(shi)而建(jian)(jian),十分(fen)壯觀。據史書記載,明弘治十一年(nian)(1498)擴城(cheng)(cheng)七里。萬(wan)歷(li)三(san)十四年(nian)(1606)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)砌磚,周長(chang)(chang)3567米。城(cheng)(cheng)中鼓(gu)樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)寧武關代表(biao)性建(jian)(jian)筑。周圍烽(feng)火臺峙(zhi)立(li),氣勢(shi)雄偉。寧武關城(cheng)(cheng)筑于(yu)呂梁山(shan)脈(mo)北部支脈(mo)的(de)山(shan)口,周長(chang)(chang)3.5公里余,襟山(shan)帶(dai)水,地(di)形(xing)險(xian)要,今已傾圮,兩側山(shan)上的(de)內長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)遺跡尚存(cun)。今除存(cun)極少的(de)零星夯(hang)土殘墻(qiang)外,基本上全(quan)已被拆毀,只剩下位于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)中心的(de)一座鼓(gu)樓(lou)在春(chun)風里笑傲紅塵,留下滄桑歷(li)史的(de)裊裊余音,至今尚保存(cun)良好。

寧武(wu)關鼓(gu)樓,位于今寧武(wu)縣城人民大(da)街,平面布局基(ji)本呈正(zheng)方形(xing),此樓下座(zuo)為(wei)磚砌券拱十字穿心(xin)洞,樓為(wei)三層三檐木結構歇山頂式建(jian)筑,通高30余米,氣(qi)勢宏偉(wei),為(wei)省(sheng)重點文物保護(hu)單位。鼓(gu)樓內(nei)的(de)文物陳列中,有寧武(wu)縣古寺出土,當年修(xiu)筑長城時用過的(de)大(da)水(shui)缸和戍守長城的(de)將士們使用過的(de)各種兵器。

陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口是(shi)明長城山(shan)西(xi)(xi)關(guan)隘。位于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省寧武縣北(bei)約(yue)13公里.陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鎮重要(yao)口舊為(wei)九(jiu)牛口。長城過恢河地段(duan),原建有(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)孔(kong)石橋一座(zuo),與(yu)兩(liang)側長城銜接(jie),每個(ge)橋孔(kong)內又有(you)(you)(you)一鐵(tie)牛鎮守(shou)。后鐵(tie)牛被水沖走,橋亦坍塌,更今名。陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口堡(bao)城,東(dong)靠長方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)山(shan),西(xi)(xi)傍恢河,為(wei)明嘉(jia)靖十八年(1539)巡撫陳(chen)講所(suo)筑,萬歷四年(1576)增修。堡(bao)城周1公里左右。有(you)(you)(you)“山(shan)西(xi)(xi)鎮中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)第一沖口”之稱。顧祖禹在《讀(du)史方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)輿紀要(yao)》中(zhong)論述陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口堡(bao)戰略地位時(shi)說:“大(da)(da)同(tong)有(you)(you)(you)事,以(yi)(yi)重兵駐(zhu)此,東(dong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)衛雁門,西(xi)(xi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)援偏關(guan),北(bei)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)應云朔(shuo),蓋地利(li)得也。’現陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口亦為(wei)晉(jin)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)、大(da)(da)同(tong)、大(da)(da)原的交(jiao)通(tong)樞紐。北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)同(tong)蒲、寧苛兩(liang)條鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu),還有(you)(you)(you)忻州至(zhi)(zhi)保德(de),崞陽(yang)(yang)至(zhi)(zhi)偏關(guan),水泉、陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口至(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)魯等三(san)(san)條公路(lu)(lu)干(gan)線(xian)通(tong)過。陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口長城今已殘毀,尚存(cun)城北(bei)磚券拱門,用橫木支(zhi)撐著,供行人來往。陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口西(xi)(xi)的長城存(cun)夯土殘墻和(he)土筑墩臺。陽(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口東(dong)長城尚存(cun)部分磚砌墻體,井(jing)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)座(zuo)磚砌空心敵(di)樓保存(cun)較好。

榮譽及其他

歷史古跡

概述

古長(chang)城:在(zai)樓(lou)子山上有(you)古長(chang)城遺(yi)跡(ji),明正德中,兵備張鳳(feng)羾立石山下,曰“紫塞長(chang)城”,或疑為(wei)六國趙時所筑(zhu)之舊。

古(gu)襄(xiang)陽城:《太原(yuan)志(zhi)》云:“在靜樂縣北(bei)九十里,古(gu)寧化軍(jun)南(nan)。”遺址微(wei)在。

林(lin)溪鎮城:在林(lin)溪山下,世傳隋(sui)煬帝避暑處,金(jin)天會間,即其地(di)改為圣壽寺。

隋汾陽宮:在(zai)縣西南六十里,即林(lin)溪鎮城處。

古樓煩關:在(zai)寧化南,靜樂界(jie)。

天池故(gu)城(cheng)、元池故(gu)城(cheng):并(bing)李克(ke)用(yong)表置者。

汾陽故縣(xian)、六度故縣(xian):上并唐(tang)筑。

用武池:高齊(qi)于此(ci)大(da)蒐,因名。《崞縣志(zhi)》稱:在寧武關(guan)。《魏志(zhi)》云:疑(yi)即天池是。

天池(chi)監(jian)牧(mu)(mu)、元池(chi)監(jian)牧(mu)(mu)、樓(lou)煩(fan)監(jian)牧(mu)(mu):并唐時置,使牧(mu)(mu)馬處。自樓(lou)煩(fan)關以下,今(jin)皆(jie)無跡。

橐蓮(lian)臺:在縣東(dong)北(bei)二十五里。《二鎮三關志(zhi)》云:“今(jin)陽方口河西高山(shan)謂之‘橐蓮(lian)臺’,世傳宋王侁望楊業兵處。”《朔(shuo)州志(zhi)》亦載之,唯(wei)《崞縣志(zhi)》但記臺名,不言王侁事。考元(yuan)魏滅赫連(lian)(lian)氏,遷其(qi)子孫散處雁門、代,北(bei)依(yi)山(shan)谷以居,故(gu)其(qi)地有赫連(lian)(lian)臺,所(suo)云橐蓮(lian)或是赫連(lian)(lian)之訛。

宋摩崖題(ti)名:在樓子山崖,題(ti)云:元佑缺年秋七月己卯,文思(si)。副使知(zhi)寧化軍(jun)事太原王(wang)余、應定山與前(qian)朝奉郎通(tong)判軍(jun)事汝南趙(zhao)審(shen)道同游(you)樓子山,飲于漏(lou)崖之足,以觀汾水之源。酒酣,公為安懿王(wang)泠(ling)(ling)(ling)瓏之琹,以撫秋思(si)之美,既闕,而(er)奏雪(xue)中松之曲(qu)。是行也,部吏劉喜(xi)、王(wang)錫(xi)、魏(wei)廓、陸思(si)誠、鞏裕、李昌言、秋球、榆次(ci)尉石伯倫預(yu)焉(yan),洛陽鞏裕書。右依《魏(wei)志(zhi)》書之“為安懿王(wang)泠(ling)(ling)(ling)”,五字疑筆跡稍泐,文有訛隱,若(ruo)“王(wang)”當為“玉”,“泠(ling)(ling)(ling)”當為“玲(ling)”,余三字則未(wei)詳也。

相關古跡

寧武府屬

在(zai)郡城中少東(dong)(dong)(dong)北七百戶街,負山臨逵,地勢高(gao)爽。雍正四(si)年(1726年),知(zhi)府(fu)郎(lang)瀚建,即(ji)故寧武道(dao)署之(zhi)舊,改創為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)府(fu)。經歷(li)謝廷恕(shu)董其(qi)事,署成規局,宏(hong)整門(men)(men)(men)(men)屏,東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩坊翼之(zhi),坊門(men)(men)(men)(men)高(gao)廣,太守車騎所出(chu)入(ru)也(ye);循坊列柵,以(yi)禁行者(zhe),柵周(zhou)方寬闊,中容吏士(shi)數百人。大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)楹,正南(nan)面啟(qi),入(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀門(men)(men)(men)(men),自儀門(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)堂(tang),堂(tang)前有抱廈堂(tang),左為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兵餉庫,右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庫軍房(fang)(fang);堂(tang)下東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)吏舍各(ge)六,東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)官廳(ting)在(zai)焉(yan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)則隸卒夜值者(zhe)居之(zhi)。儀門(men)(men)(men)(men)外,東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土神祠(ci),西(xi)(xi)(xi)庫神廟。由(you)大(da)堂(tang)而后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宅門(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)外,左、右班(ban)房(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi);門(men)(men)(men)(men)內,左、右各(ge)有房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),皆(jie)北向。其(qi)北為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)堂(tang),堂(tang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),堂(tang)下門(men)(men)(men)(men)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)啟(qi);自東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書室五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),皆(jie)南(nan)向,后有屋(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北與書室對(dui)門(men)(men)(men)(men);由(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru),書室二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、客(ke)廳(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),客(ke)廳(ting)南(nan)對(dui)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“琴鶴軒”,亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)射(she)廳(ting),凡三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);射(she)廳(ting)之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馬(ma)廄,有井(jing)以(yi)飲馬(ma),有祠(ci)屋(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)四(si)而庳,以(yi)祀馬(ma)祖(zu)。自二(er)(er)堂(tang)后入(ru)門(men)(men)(men)(men),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)知(zhi)府(fu)內宅,住房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)洞房(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er),廂房(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san),門(men)(men)(men)(men)外東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)偏房(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi),又東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廚,最后房(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),因山為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)趾,勢獨高(gao),見(jian)郭外諸峰(feng);房(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),又夾(jia)道(dao)中屋(wu)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)如之(zhi)。

清代(dai)寧武府(fu)(fu)疆(jiang)域:在山西(xi)布政司西(xi)北(bei)三(san)百(bai)四(si)(si)十里(li)(li)(li)(li)。東(dong)西(xi)廣三(san)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)袤(mao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)八十里(li)(li)(li)(li)。東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)(fu)朔州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)十七里(li)(li)(li)(li),又東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同府(fu)(fu)應州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十里(li)(li)(li)(li),山陰縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一百(bai)八十里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)太原(yuan)府(fu)(fu)岢嵐(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li),又西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)保德州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)三(san)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)崞縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)七里(li)(li)(li)(li);北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)水泉營(ying)邊墻(qiang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)七十里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)靜樂縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一百(bai)四(si)(si)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);東(dong)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)(fu)平魯縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)老(lao)營(ying)堡邊二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)朔平府(fu)(fu)治(zhi)三(san)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同府(fu)(fu)治(zhi)三(san)百(bai)四(si)(si)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)保德州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)河曲(qu)縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一百(bai)八十里(li)(li)(li)(li),至(zhi)(zhi)老(lao)牛(niu)灣蒙古界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)五(wu)十里(li)(li)(li)(li)。自府(fu)(fu)治(zhi)由山西(xi)大(da)同府(fu)(fu)經直隸(li)宣化府(fu)(fu),入居庸關至(zhi)(zhi)京(jing)師(shi)一千四(si)(si)十里(li)(li)(li)(li);由代(dai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)易州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),入紫荊關至(zhi)(zhi)京(jing)師(shi)九百(bai)十里(li)(li)(li)(li)。

乾(qian)隆年間寧武府(fu)屬四(si)縣(xian)人口:

寧(ning)武(wu)府屬四(si)縣,乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)分(fen)至十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian),審定戶口(kou)(kou)共(gong):土著民二萬(wan)二千五百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)戶,男女共(gong)十(shi)(shi)二萬(wan)六(liu)千四(si)百(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)口(kou)(kou);大口(kou)(kou)六(liu)萬(wan)五千六(liu)百(bai)(bai)三(san)十(shi)(shi)九,小口(kou)(kou)六(liu)萬(wan)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)。

縣倚郭

筑(zhu)于成化二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1466年(nian)(nian)),初(chu)為(wei)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),巡撫(fu)(fu)都(dou)御史李(li)侃請即古寧(ning)(ning)化軍口置關(guan)(guan),設都(dou)指揮領軍守備。乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是年(nian)(nian)丁亥(1467年(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue)始事,明’年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)訖(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)總兵鎮之,遂為(wei)鎮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)踞華(hua)蓋山,因其(qi)(qi)高而俯(fu)其(qi)(qi)東(dong)、南(nan)、西三(san)面,周四(si)(si)(si)里許,基(ji)五丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),面廣半之,高三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有奇,門(men)(men)(men)其(qi)(qi)東(dong)、西、南(nan)三(san)面而閉其(qi)(qi)北(bei)。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)“仁勝”,西門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)“人和(he)”,南(nan)曰(yue)“迎熏”,上(shang)建(jian)(jian)重(zhong)樓。(宏)治十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1498年(nian)(nian)),巡撫(fu)(fu)魏紳拓(tuo)廣之,周七里一百二(er)十(shi)步(bu),增(zeng)埤五尺(chi),加開北(bei)門(men)(men)(men),亦建(jian)(jian)飛樓于上(shang),名之曰(yue)“鎮朔(shuo)”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)狹于南(nan)北(bei),長于東(dong)西,其(qi)(qi)形科橢,望(wang)之若(ruo)敷巾幅然(ran),然(ran)皆(jie)土筑(zhu)。萬(歷)元年(nian)(nian)(1573年(nian)(nian)),巡撫(fu)(fu)趙(zhao)某(mou)議包(bao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石,益加增(zeng)高,連女墻四(si)(si)(si)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺(chi),然(ran)未果(guo)。行(xing)至三(san)十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(1606年(nian)(nian)),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)道郭光復始甃(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磚,又(you)筑(zhu)東(dong)、西關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),皆(jie)磚甃(zhou),共長一千七十(shi)余丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高三(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五尺(chi)。西關(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)“永寧(ning)(ning)”,其(qi)(qi)南(nan)出者曰(yue)“阜財”;東(dong)關(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)“久安”,其(qi)(qi)南(nan)出者曰(yue)“解(jie)慍(yun)”,下有塹(qian)。先(xian)是萬(歷)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1574年(nian)(nian)),寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)守備某(mou)筑(zhu)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)山上(shang),方二(er)十(shi)八丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高二(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)基(ji),基(ji)上(shang)為(wei)臺,臺上(shang)為(wei)樓三(san)重(zhong),樓外列堞二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)(si),登之可眺百里;臺下周以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磚墻,直一丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),環廣四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),墻上(shang)列垛四(si)(si)(si)十(shi),屹然(ran)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)表里,巡撫(fu)(fu)魏允貞(zhen)所(suo)使也,今(jin)樓垛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)廢(fei)。國(guo)朝置府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),因其(qi)(qi)舊寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)營在焉(yan)。乾隆六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1741年(nian)(nian)),東(dong)關(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)(men)樓圮,知府魏元樞重(zhong)葺之顏,曰(yue)“望(wang)華(hua)”,并修南(nan)、北(bei)二(er)角(jiao)樓。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)接鳳凰山,寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)人又(you)呼為(wei)“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。

社稷壇(tan):在(zai)南(nan)關河外,雍正三年(1725年)建。壇(tan)廣二(er)丈五(wu)尺(chi),高(gao)二(er)尺(chi)一寸(cun),陛,東、南(nan)、西各(ge)三級,無封樹。

風云(yun)雷雨山(shan)(shan)川壇(tan):在北關山(shan)(shan)坳(ao),雍正三年(nian)建。壇(tan)基(ji)、高、廣與社稷(ji)壇(tan)同,無封(feng)樹。

先農壇(tan)(tan):在郡東門外,教場東北。雍正五(wu)年(1727年),署寧(ning)武令(ling)、太原府西糧同知董泗儒奉文建。壇(tan)(tan)制與(yu)山川(chuan)、社稷(ji)同。大(da)殿(dian)五(wu)間,門樓(lou)一座(zuo),左右角門二,農器庫二間,官廳二間,壇(tan)(tan)旁(pang)地四(si)畝九分以為(wei)田,季春亥日,郡、縣官九,推行事如(ru)制。

八蠟廟:在府東關外(wai)。

厲壇:在(zai)郡西關。

城隍廟:在(zai)府治(zhi)西北,華蓋山之陽。

寧武府學

在(zai)(zai)府治西北城之(zhi)陽,繚以周(zhou)垣(yuan),外(wai)為大門(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)樹以屏壁,夾以兩(liang)坊。自大門(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru),為泮池,池上有橋,橋南為欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men),凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。入(ru)欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)為戟門(men)(men)(men)(men),入(ru)自戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)為大成(cheng)(cheng)殿,殿五(wu)(wu)楹,左右為東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)廡,廡各(ge)(ge)五(wu)(wu)楹;其(qi)(qi)戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)傍東(dong)(dong)西角(jiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。名宦祠(ci)在(zai)(zai)戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)左,鄉賢祠(ci)在(zai)(zai)戟門(men)(men)(men)(men)右,各(ge)(ge)凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)楹。齋(zhai)宿房(fang)在(zai)(zai)欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)內左,省牲所在(zai)(zai)欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)內右,各(ge)(ge)凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)楹。明(ming)倫堂(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)大成(cheng)(cheng)殿后,堂(tang)(tang)左右齋(zhai)房(fang)各(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);崇圣祠(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)楹,在(zai)(zai)明(ming)倫堂(tang)(tang)東(dong)(dong);其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)崇圣祠(ci)南,欞星門(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)者(zhe),為魁星樓。學建于雍正五(wu)(wu)年(1757年)三(san)(san)(san)(san)月,唯尊(zun)經(jing)堂(tang)(tang)未及(ji)構(gou)云。寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)府儒(ru)學教授(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren),訓導(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren),署在(zai)(zai)文(wen)廟(miao)西偏(pian)。講堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西門(men)(men)(men)(men)斗、班房(fang)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。教授(shou)宅門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座,住房(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西配房(fang)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。訓導(dao)宅如之(zhi),其(qi)(qi)外(wai)為大門(men)(men)(men)(men)。學中所貯書(shu):《十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)經(jing)注(zhu)疏(shu)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu),通(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)本,為函(han)(han)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er);《二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)史(shi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu),通(tong)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)本,為函(han)(han)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi);《明(ming)史(shi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu),通(tong)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)本,為函(han)(han)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。先是經(jing)史(shi)皆(jie)買于布政司,而使郡縣學領焉。獨(du)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)府學,以無(wu)尊(zun)經(jing)閣,與(yu)禮部(bu)例不相比,且不得(de)領。時永平魏侯元樞知郡事,乃與(yu)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)令施作楫、神池令李識蒙(meng)、五(wu)(wu)寨令劉(liu)耀珪,共捐俸銀輸官(guan)以當書(shu)值,遂得(de)領歸。郡學與(yu)舊所有:《周(zhou)易折中》、《書(shu)》、《詩》、《春(chun)秋(qiu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)經(jing)傳》;說(shuo)若《朱子全書(shu)》、《康(kang)熙字典(dian)》、《康(kang)濟錄》、《急(ji)公自愛書(shu)》、《四書(shu)講義》、《學政全書(shu)》等,凡(fan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu),使學廣(guang)文(wen)掌藏之(zhi)。

寧(ning)化(hua)城:宋嘉祐六(liu)年(nian)(1061年(nian)),以河(he)西西夏人往來隘口,乃立寧(ning)化(hua)軍,因(yin)隋汾陽宮城之(zhi)舊址,廓而(er)筑之(zhi),金、元(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)。明洪武二(er)年(nian)(1369年(nian))設寧(ning)化(hua)巡(xun)檢司,山西都指揮(hui)使常守道帥官(guan)軍來屯,將舊城六(liu)里(li)二(er)百七十步、南(nan)邊關廂裁去,于城東山坡上,隨地形勢(shi)筑城二(er)里(li)一百九十七步,未完調去。五年(nian)(1372年(nian)),延安侯唐宗勝、千戶唐成(cheng)繼成(cheng)其功,城高三丈(zhang)(zhang)一尺,壕深(shen)一丈(zhang)(zhang),城樓六(liu)座。十一年(nian)(1378年(nian)),改(gai)巡(xun)檢為(wei)(wei)寧(ning)化(hua)守御千戶所(suo),隸山西都司。嘉靖中,改(gai)隸寧(ning)武。至萬(歷)十四年(nian)(1586年(nian)),甃土城以磚(zhuan),當改(gai)寧(ning)化(hua)所(suo),時設掌印千戶、巡(xun)捕、城操吏目各一。中有靜樂倉,今仍為(wei)(wei)寧(ning)化(hua)巡(xun)檢司。

本路(lu)參將設于嘉靖二(er)(er)十(shi)七(qi)年,駐扎利民,所轄寧武、盤道(dao)梁(liang)、神池、利民、八(ba)角、寧化、長(chang)林、陽方八(ba)城堡,凡屬(shu)守備五(wu),防守二(er)(er),千(qian)(qian)戶所者三,分(fen)管內邊(bian)東(dong)起廣武界神樹梁(liang),西(xi)盡老(lao)營(ying)界地椒峁,沿長(chang)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)里(li)零(ling)四十(shi)丈,邊(bian)墩(dun)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)四座,火路(lu)墩(dun)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)座。邊(bian)之內外續設小(xiao)(xiao)蓮花、夾(jia)柳樹、燕兒(er)水、雕窩梁(liang)、玄岡口、朔寧、狗(gou)兒(er)澗、圪(土老(lao))罐、石湖嶺、西(xi)溝口、得勝、勒馬(ma)溝、蔣家(jia)峪(yu)、乾柴溝、野豬溝一(yi)(yi)十(shi)五(wu)堡以為犄角。兵(bing)(bing)馬(ma)除(chu)軍門標下(xia)兩掖(ye)營(ying)散兵(bing)(bing)及標正(zheng)二(er)(er)營(ying)外,闔路(lu)見在官(guan)軍九(jiu)千(qian)(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)八(ba)十(shi)七(qi)員(yuan)名,馬(ma)騾(luo)三千(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)匹頭,內援兵(bing)(bing)官(guan)軍二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)六百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)五(wu)員(yuan)名,馬(ma)騾(luo)二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)三百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)匹頭。本路(lu)東(dong)西(xi)援雁(yan)、平、偏老(lao),北控三云(yun),南藩全(quan)晉,蓋山(shan)西(xi)鎮之要害也(ye)。嘉隆(long)間(jian)頻遭(zao)虜患,故(gu)于沖(chong)緊各處續添前項小(xiao)(xiao)堡,分(fen)兵(bing)(bing)據守以扼(e)虜沖(chong)。款(kuan)后烽火不警,干戈載戢,軍民幸帖枕席之安。顧款(kuan)久(jiu)則弛,兵(bing)(bing)驕則玩(wan),乘此閃暇之時,正(zheng)當(dang)圖綢繆之計,一(yi)(yi)切(qie)詰兵(bing)(bing)儲(chu)餉,未(wei)可以款(kuan)事而遽忽之也(ye)。

寧文堡

本(ben)城(cheng)舊筑(zhu)小土堡(bao)于今城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西,是為(wei)寧(ning)文堡(bao)。景(jing)泰元(yuan)年(nian)筑(zhu)寧(ning)武(wu)土城(cheng),成化間展修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),隆慶(qing)四(si)年(nian)始議(yi)磚(zhuan)石包砌焉(yan)(yan),周七(qi)(qi)里零二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)步,高連女墻四(si)丈二(er)(er)(er)尺。萬(wan)歷二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)添筑(zhu)西關土堡(bao)一(yi)座,周四(si)百六(liu)丈三(san)(san)尺,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)又建東關土堡(bao)一(yi)座,周五(wu)百八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)丈九(jiu)尺,俱(ju)高三(san)(san)丈五(wu)尺。初(chu)設(she)(she)守(shou)(shou)備(bei)一(yi)員,弘治十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)添設(she)(she)守(shou)(shou)御千戶所(suo),嘉靖二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)移偏頭(tou)關,副(fu)總兵(bing)(bing)改為(wei)總兵(bing)(bing)鎮(zhen)守(shou)(shou)于此,添正兵(bing)(bing),坐(zuo)營標兵(bing)(bing),守(shou)(shou)備(bei)各一(yi)員,三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)設(she)(she)寧(ning)武(wu)兵(bing)(bing)備(bei)道及管糧(liang)通判,建學(xue)立倉,規制大(da)備(bei),屹然稱(cheng)雄鎮(zhen)矣。見在(zai)官軍標,正營六(liu)千一(yi)百三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)員名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)五(wu)千九(jiu)百三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)匹頭(tou),守(shou)(shou)備(bei)所(suo)領(ling)并(bing)寧(ning)武(wu)所(suo)二(er)(er)(er)千二(er)(er)(er)百五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)員名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)三(san)(san)百五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)匹頭(tou)。分管內(nei)邊沿長四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里零四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)丈,邊墩五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)座,火路墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)座,與所(suo)轄朔(shuo)寧(ning),陽方(fang),狗兒三(san)(san)堡(bao)防(fang)守(shou)(shou)把總畫地(di)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。內(nei)陽方(fang)并(bing)西溝口,苦參窊(yu)等處皆(jie)(jie)虜馬(ma)經涉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處,嘉靖十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)大(da)舉二(er)(er)(er)次,皆(jie)(jie)由此入搶至忻州,崞(guo)縣,地(di)方(fang)大(da)遭(zao)荼毒。故設(she)(she)總兵(bing)(bing)據險扼(e)吭,統(tong)重兵(bing)(bing)以彈壓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。無事則居中調(diao)度,有虎豹在(zai)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi),遇警則隨(sui)在(zai)策應(ying),無豺(chai)狼嗥野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虞。三(san)(san)關保障胥(xu)有賴(lai)焉(yan)(yan),非止寧(ning)武(wu)一(yi)隅已也。惟(wei)是地(di)當(dang)孤懸,兵(bing)(bing)鮮土著(zhu),總兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)統(tong)標、正各兵(bing)(bing)雖多(duo)驍健,然半系(xi)四(si)方(fang)烏(wu)(wu)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾,驕悍素號難(nan)(nan)制,駕馭頗費調(diao)停。惟(wei)在(zai)大(da)將平日威愛并(bing)濟,鼓舞(wu)有方(fang),使烏(wu)(wu)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人心(xin)樂為(wei)我用,臨時調(diao)發應(ying)敵,以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)克捷(jie)不難(nan)(nan)矣。至一(yi)切(qie)兵(bing)(bing)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計,鎮(zhen)道同心(xin),謀必萬(wan)全(quan)云。

陽方堡

本堡于(yu)嘉靖于(yu)十八(ba)年土筑,萬歷四年磚包,周二里(li)零八(ba)十步,高三(san)(san)丈五(wu)(wu)尺(chi).設防守一(yi)(yi)員分領守備(bei)營及改撥見在旗軍三(san)(san)百(bai)四十九名,管邊一(yi)(yi)十三(san)(san)里(li)零一(yi)(yi)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十步,邊墩三(san)(san)十座,內西(xi)水口,苦參窊二處極沖(chong)(chong),通大(da)虜(lu)(lu).本堡雖離虜(lu)(lu)巢稍遠,實為三(san)(san)關屏翰,寧武要沖(chong)(chong).議者(zhe)謂虜(lu)(lu)犯(fan)大(da)同,大(da)將當(dang)提兵移駐(zhu)于(yu)此,一(yi)(yi)以(yi)擁護雁(yan)門(men)而虜(lu)(lu)不敢東視(shi),一(yi)(yi)以(yi)策應偏(pian),利而虜(lu)(lu)不敢西(xi)下(xia),朔,云(yun)且藉以(yi)聲援而虜(lu)(lu)不敢外(wai)住(zhu)蹂躪(lin)矣.蓋門(men)戶鞏固,則(ze)堂奧自安,此最得(de)肯綮云(yun).

寧化城

本(ben)城洪武十二(er)年土筑,萬歷(li)十年磚包,周三(san)里(li)零二(er)百一十二(er)步,高三(san)丈三(san)尺.設守御千戶(hu)所(suo)(suo),掌印巡捕,城操各一員,所(suo)(suo)領見在官軍七百四十員名,火路墩九(jiu)座.本(ben)城地(di)近腹里(li),雖非沖(chong)劇,然支鍋石(shi),小嶺兒虜騎可通,亦屬要害,嘉靖間曾兩經(jing)入犯,地(di)方頗遭花毒(du).必須防守嚴密,庶可保障無(wu)恐,甚勿以近腹而(er)少(shao)忽之(zhi).

盤道梁堡

本(ben)堡(bao)新舊磚城二(er)(er)(er)座,一(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)建于嘉(jia)靖(jing)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年,萬歷十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年磚包,今(jin)在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)外,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年因(yin)地勢低洼,改(gai)(gai)移新城于邊(bian)(bian)內(nei)(nei),周一(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)零(ling)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四步,高三(san)(san)丈(zhang)五尺.初設(she)防(fang)守(shou),繼改(gai)(gai)操守(shou),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年始設(she)守(shou)備(bei),先屬雁平,后(hou)改(gai)(gai)寧武,所(suo)領見在(zai)(zai)官軍七百(bai)三(san)(san)員名,馬騾(luo)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四十(shi)(shi)匹(pi)頭.分管內(nei)(nei)邊(bian)(bian)沿長(chang)四十(shi)(shi)八(ba)里(li)(li)零(ling)四十(shi)(shi)丈(zhang),內(nei)(nei)磚石包砌三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li),靠(kao)山鏟削一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)里(li)(li)零(ling)四十(shi)(shi)丈(zhang),邊(bian)(bian)墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)六座,火路墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四座,與(yu)所(suo)轄小(xiao)蓮花,惡(e)化(hua)柳樹,燕(yan)兒水,雕窩梁(liang),玄岡(gang)口五堡(bao)防(fang)守(shou)畫地守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi).本(ben)堡(bao)坐落山巔(dian),汲(ji)水外溝,土(tu)(tu)脈砂松,墻垣(yuan)易圯.且邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)兵寡,分布為難,極沖凡一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)處(chu),嘉(jia)靖(jing)間大虜(lu)兩次內(nei)(nei)犯忻(xin)州等處(chu),俱由此(ci)出(chu)入.內(nei)(nei)火燒(shao)梁(liang)駱駝梁(liang),金(jin)家嘴舊有邊(bian)(bian)壕,今(jin)宜(yi)挑浚,雕窩梁(liang)山徑可(ke)通虜(lu)馬,今(jin)宜(yi)阻塞.其(qi)(qi)燕(yan)兒水之(zhi)(zhi)臥(wo)羊坡尤虜(lu)屯(tun)牧之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu),相連漫(man)坡,易于馳突(tu).若(ruo)修墻臺,浚壕塹(qian)以遏其(qi)(qi)入,庶(shu)可(ke)免侵軼之(zhi)(zhi)患,此(ci)在(zai)(zai)守(shou)土(tu)(tu)者所(suo)當(dang)加之(zhi)(zhi)意耳.

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《寧武(wu)關》,傳(chuan)(chuan)統戲曲(qu)曲(qu)目,事見《鐵冠圖》傳(chuan)(chuan)奇。

《寧(ning)武關》,京劇又(you)名(ming)《別母亂箭》、《一(yi)門(men)忠(zhong)烈》,該劇早(zao)年曾(ceng)為余叔(shu)巖、言菊朋的代表(biao)劇目,因(yin)世(shi)人(ren)對該劇主(zhu)題及人(ren)物褒貶各異,故不常(chang)演以至今已失傳。

故事大意:明末,李(li)自成(cheng)率部攻打(da)寧武關(guan)(guan),守(shou)將周遇吉固守(shou),終難抵擋(dang)。周遇吉突圍(wei)探母,欲保(bao)護(hu)老母及妻兒等逃離(li),周母誓與城(cheng)池共存(cun),令(ling)其(qi)再戰。李(li)自成(cheng)兵(bing)逼城(cheng)關(guan)(guan),周母令(ling)媳、孫自殺,然后(hou)放火自焚。周遇吉力抗義軍(jun),被(bei)亂箭(jian)射(she)傷,后(hou)自刎(wen)身亡。

此(ci)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)為京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、昆曲文(wen)武(wu)(wu)老(lao)生傳統(tong)戲之(zhi)一,全劇(ju)(ju)(ju)通唱曲牌(pai),亦(yi)(yi)文(wen)亦(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu),在別母、中(zhong)(zhong)箭、殉城等(deng)場次中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)繁難(nan)的身段表(biao)演及曲牌(pai)演唱。川(chuan)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、湘劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、桂(gui)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、秦腔、同州梆子、河北梆子均有(you)(you)此(ci)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目,徽劇(ju)(ju)(ju)名《別母亂箭》。

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