《佘山游境圖》是明代畫家董其昌創作(zuo)的(de)紙本水(shui)墨畫,現藏于北京故(gu)宮博物院。
圖繪(hui)峻(jun)嶺平溪,蒼松雜樹。圖中山石以淡(dan)墨勾皴,兼臥筆(bi)橫鋒(feng)點苔,圓渾秀潤,畫山有凹凸之形。遠樹以橫筆(bi)點葉,概括取像,初看(kan)似隨心所欲,草草而成,細(xi)看(kan)章法俱備。
該圖描繪(hui)江南佘山(shan)(shan)間(jian)(jian)的蒼翠景色。山(shan)(shan)石(shi)連綿,群峰疊(die)嶂,樹木(mu)蔥(cong)蘢,山(shan)(shan)石(shi)圓渾(hun)秀(xiu)潤(run),呈雨后苔滑之(zhi)(zhi)狀。遠山(shan)(shan)坡石(shi)上雜(za)木(mu)叢生(sheng),為山(shan)(shan)石(shi)增添了生(sheng)氣(qi)。山(shan)(shan)腰(yao)間(jian)(jian)層林迭翠,近處山(shan)(shan)石(shi)岸坡,其間(jian)(jian)幾(ji)棵穿天(tian)大樹,有(you)的枝干挺拔(ba),直沖云霄,有(you)的枝干彎斜,但枝葉均十分(fen)茂密,形(xing)成一片濃蔭(yin),使(shi)烈日(ri)當頭的崇山(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺之(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)歇息之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),使(shi)觀者領略到林木(mu)垂蔭(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)趣。兩山(shan)(shan)間(jian)(jian)的空曠之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)為寬闊(kuo)江河,江水如(ru)鏡(jing)。
款識:“丙寅四月,舟行龍華道中,寫佘山游境(jing)。先一日宿頑(wan)仙廬,十(shi)有(you)四日識。思翁。”
此畫作于明(ming)天啟六年(nian)(1626),時(shi)年(nian)董其昌72歲,值此明(ming)末(mo)時(shi)期,官府腐敗,冉加(jia)上黨(dang)禍(huo)酷(ku)烈,使(shi)搖(yao)搖(yao)欲墜的(de)(de)明(ming)王(wang)朝,更是(shi)雪上加(jia)霜(shuang)。董氏面對紛爭不已的(de)(de)政壇,為明(ming)哲保身,深自(zi)引退(tui),向(xiang)明(ming)熹宗朱由校(xiao)呈(cheng)《引年(nian)乞休(xiu)疏》,以歸鄉里隱居,待(dai)有時(shi)機再出山(shan)(shan)(shan)。此圖是(shi)他(ta)在引退(tui)后游(you)覽(lan)佘山(shan)(shan)(shan)(今江蘇青浦)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)水(shui)時(shi)創作的(de)(de)游(you)記性(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)畫,亦(yi)可以說,是(shi)一(yi)幅寫實(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)畫作品。
該圖在筆(bi)墨技(ji)法(fa)上。充分(fen)施展董氏墨法(fa)多變(bian)的(de)特點(dian)(dian),用筆(bi)上柔(rou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶剛,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鋒(feng)直皴(cun),大筆(bi)橫點(dian)(dian),頗有北(bei)宋董、巨的(de)氣勢。山水樹(shu)(shu)石的(de)運筆(bi),轉折靈(ling)變(bian),墨色干濕濃淡得宜,層次分(fen)明,拙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶秀(xiu),清雋雅逸,一派平淡天(tian)真(zhen)。畫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)山石以(yi)淡筆(bi)勾(gou)皴(cun)。兼(jian)施臥筆(bi)橫鋒(feng)墨點(dian)(dian),圓渾(hun)秀(xiu)潤,呈雨后(hou)苔滑(hua)狀,近景松木(mu)等樹(shu)(shu)葉(xie),枝干圈點(dian)(dian)分(fen)明,遠景樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)以(yi)橫筆(bi)點(dian)(dian)葉(xie),似(si)不(bu)(bu)經意揮灑而成(cheng),但(dan)不(bu)(bu)失章法(fa),從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)看(kan)到董氏以(yi)書入畫的(de)痕跡。
2018年12月7日(ri)—2019年3月10日(ri),上海博物館舉辦“丹青寶筏:董(dong)其昌書(shu)畫(hua)藝術大(da)展”,《佘(she)山游境圖》在其中(zhong)展出。
董其昌(1555~1637年),明代書(shu)(shu)(shu)畫家、鑒賞家。字玄宰,號思白、香光居士,華亭(ting)(今上海松江)人(ren)。官至禮(li)部尚書(shu)(shu)(shu)。才華俊(jun)逸,善鑒別書(shu)(shu)(shu)畫。書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)初學(xue)(xue)顏真卿,后改學(xue)(xue)虞世南,轉學(xue)(xue)魏、晉(jin)、宋諸名家,長于楷(kai)、行(xing)、草書(shu)(shu)(shu),自(zi)然(ran)秀雅,列“明末四大書(shu)(shu)(shu)家”。傳世書(shu)(shu)(shu)跡較多,畫作有《云(yun)山(shan)小隱(yin)圖(tu)(tu)》、《煙(yan)江疊嶂(zhang)圖(tu)(tu)》、《瀟湘白云(yun)圖(tu)(tu)》、《遙山(shan)潑翠圖(tu)(tu)》等。著作有《容(rong)臺集(ji)》、《容(rong)臺別集(ji)》、《畫禪室隨筆(bi)》、《畫旨》、《畫眼》等。