《佘山游(you)境(jing)圖》是明代畫(hua)家董(dong)其昌(chang)創(chuang)作的紙本(ben)水(shui)墨畫(hua),現藏于北京故宮博物院。
圖繪峻嶺平溪,蒼松雜(za)樹。圖中山(shan)石以淡墨勾皴(cun),兼臥(wo)筆(bi)橫鋒點(dian)苔,圓(yuan)渾秀潤,畫(hua)山(shan)有凹凸之形。遠樹以橫筆(bi)點(dian)葉,概括取像(xiang),初看(kan)似(si)隨心所(suo)欲(yu),草(cao)草(cao)而成(cheng),細看(kan)章法(fa)俱備。
該(gai)圖描繪江(jiang)南佘山(shan)間的蒼翠(cui)景色。山(shan)石(shi)(shi)連(lian)綿,群峰疊(die)嶂,樹木蔥蘢(long),山(shan)石(shi)(shi)圓渾秀潤,呈雨(yu)后苔滑之狀。遠山(shan)坡石(shi)(shi)上雜木叢(cong)生,為山(shan)石(shi)(shi)增添(tian)了生氣(qi)。山(shan)腰間層(ceng)林迭翠(cui),近處山(shan)石(shi)(shi)岸坡,其間幾棵(ke)穿天大樹,有(you)的枝干(gan)(gan)挺拔,直沖(chong)云霄(xiao),有(you)的枝干(gan)(gan)彎(wan)斜,但枝葉(xie)均十分茂(mao)密,形成一(yi)片(pian)濃蔭,使烈日當頭的崇山(shan)峻嶺之中有(you)歇息之地,使觀(guan)者領略到林木垂蔭之趣。兩山(shan)間的空曠之地為寬闊江(jiang)河(he),江(jiang)水如鏡。
款識(shi):“丙寅四(si)月,舟行龍華(hua)道中,寫佘(she)山游境。先一日宿頑仙廬,十(shi)有四(si)日識(shi)。思翁。”
此畫作(zuo)于明(ming)(ming)天啟六年(nian)(1626),時年(nian)董(dong)其昌72歲,值此明(ming)(ming)末時期,官府腐(fu)敗,冉(ran)加(jia)(jia)上黨禍酷烈,使搖搖欲墜的明(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝,更是雪(xue)上加(jia)(jia)霜。董(dong)氏面對紛爭不已的政壇(tan),為明(ming)(ming)哲保身,深自(zi)引(yin)退,向明(ming)(ming)熹宗朱由校呈《引(yin)年(nian)乞(qi)休(xiu)疏》,以歸鄉里隱居,待有時機再出山(shan)(shan)(shan)。此圖是他在(zai)引(yin)退后游覽(lan)佘(she)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(今江蘇青浦)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)水(shui)時創作(zuo)的游記性(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)畫,亦可以說,是一幅寫實(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)畫作(zuo)品。
該圖在筆(bi)(bi)(bi)墨(mo)技(ji)法上。充分施(shi)展董(dong)(dong)氏(shi)墨(mo)法多變的(de)特點(dian)(dian)(dian),用(yong)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)上柔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶(dai)剛,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鋒直皴,大筆(bi)(bi)(bi)橫點(dian)(dian)(dian),頗有(you)北(bei)宋(song)董(dong)(dong)、巨的(de)氣(qi)勢。山水樹(shu)(shu)(shu)石的(de)運筆(bi)(bi)(bi),轉折靈變,墨(mo)色干(gan)濕濃(nong)淡得宜,層(ceng)次分明,拙中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帶(dai)秀,清雋雅逸,一派平淡天(tian)真。畫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)山石以(yi)淡筆(bi)(bi)(bi)勾(gou)皴。兼施(shi)臥筆(bi)(bi)(bi)橫鋒墨(mo)點(dian)(dian)(dian),圓渾秀潤,呈雨后苔(tai)滑狀,近景松木等樹(shu)(shu)(shu)葉,枝干(gan)圈點(dian)(dian)(dian)分明,遠景樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木以(yi)橫筆(bi)(bi)(bi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)葉,似(si)不經意揮灑(sa)而(er)成,但不失章(zhang)法,從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可看到董(dong)(dong)氏(shi)以(yi)書(shu)入畫的(de)痕跡。
2018年12月7日—2019年3月10日,上海博(bo)物館舉辦“丹青寶筏:董(dong)其(qi)昌書畫(hua)藝術大展(zhan)”,《佘山(shan)游境圖(tu)》在其(qi)中展(zhan)出。
董其昌(1555~1637年),明代書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)家、鑒(jian)賞家。字(zi)玄宰,號思白(bai)、香光居士(shi),華(hua)亭(今上海(hai)松江)人。官至(zhi)禮部尚書(shu)(shu)。才華(hua)俊(jun)逸,善鑒(jian)別書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)。書(shu)(shu)法初(chu)學顏(yan)真卿,后改學虞世(shi)南,轉學魏、晉、宋諸名家,長(chang)于楷(kai)、行(xing)、草(cao)書(shu)(shu),自然秀雅,列“明末四大書(shu)(shu)家”。傳世(shi)書(shu)(shu)跡較多(duo),畫(hua)作有(you)《云(yun)山(shan)小(xiao)隱圖》、《煙江疊(die)嶂(zhang)圖》、《瀟湘白(bai)云(yun)圖》、《遙山(shan)潑翠圖》等。著作有(you)《容(rong)臺集(ji)》、《容(rong)臺別集(ji)》、《畫(hua)禪室隨筆》、《畫(hua)旨》、《畫(hua)眼》等。