據《史記(ji).卷一(yi)(yi)二二.酷(ku)吏(li)列傳(chuan).義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)》載,義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)是西漢武帝時的一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)官(guan)吏(li),他執法嚴厲,殺人(ren)(ren)無數,被司(si)馬遷列為(wei)(wei)酷(ku)吏(li)。義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)的姊姊是個(ge)(ge)醫(yi)生,她治好(hao)(hao)了(le)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)的病,得(de)到(dao)(dao)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)的寵幸,義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)從(cong)此踏上仕途。因為(wei)(wei)義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)執法不(bu)講情面,替朝(chao)廷鏟除了(le)不(bu)少地方勢力,所以獲(huo)得(de)賞識,官(guan)運一(yi)(yi)帆風(feng)順。義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)擔任(ren)南陽太(tai)(tai)守時,都尉寧成(cheng)掌握關稅大(da)權(quan),所以為(wei)(wei)所欲(yu)為(wei)(wei),沒(mei)人(ren)(ren)敢得(de)罪(zui)他。義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)知道寧成(cheng)的惡行后(hou)(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)決定從(cong)此人(ren)(ren)開始好(hao)(hao)好(hao)(hao)整治南陽。寧成(cheng)也(ye)知道義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)的手段強硬,不(bu)想(xiang)得(de)罪(zui)他,于(yu)是在(zai)義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)上任(ren)之(zhi)時,帶領眾人(ren)(ren)在(zai)路旁恭敬地迎接。義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)知道寧成(cheng)只是想(xiang)要拉攏自己,就(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)他不(bu)理(li)不(bu)睬。上任(ren)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)著手收(shou)集寧成(cheng)犯罪(zui)的證據,逮捕(bu)寧成(cheng),將他家的人(ren)(ren)全部(bu)殺掉,財產也(ye)充公,致使(shi)當地的兩大(da)富(fu)豪孔(kong)氏和暴氏,害怕自己的罪(zui)行也(ye)被義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)揭發,嚇(xia)得(de)搬離了(le)南陽。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)又升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)定襄太(tai)(tai)守。該地治安不(bu)好(hao)(hao),所以義(yi)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)一(yi)(yi)到(dao)(dao)定襄,先將牢(lao)中(zhong)兩百多(duo)名(ming)囚(qiu)犯改判死(si)刑,又將曾前往探監的親友也(ye)抓起(qi)來(lai),說這些(xie)人(ren)(ren)企圖為(wei)(wei)犯人(ren)(ren)開脫(tuo),全部(bu)處死(si),一(yi)(yi)天之(zhi)內(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)處死(si)了(le)四百多(duo)人(ren)(ren)。定襄的人(ren)(ren)民聽(ting)到(dao)(dao)了(le)這個(ge)(ge)消(xiao)息后(hou)(hou),即使(shi)天氣并不(bu)冷(leng),竟都害怕得(de)發抖起(qi)來(lai)。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)不(bu)寒而栗(li)這句(ju)成(cheng)語就(jiu)(jiu)從(cong)這里(li)演變而出。
不寒而栗:指天氣并不(bu)寒(han)冷,卻一直(zhi)發抖,形容內(nei)心極為恐懼。成語用作謂(wei)語、定(ding)語;用于想到(dao)、聽到(dao)或見(jian)到(dao)令人恐懼不(bu)安的事(shi)。
成語出自《史(shi)記(ji)·酷吏(li)列傳》:“是日皆報(bao)殺四百余人(ren),其后郡中不寒而栗,滑(hua)民佐吏(li)為(wei)治(zhi)。”
近義詞:毛骨悚然、提心(xin)(xin)吊膽、膽戰心(xin)(xin)驚。
反義詞:無(wu)所畏(wei)懼、臨危不懼。