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基本介紹

瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀(guan)，舊稱蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)，宋徽宗(zong)趙佶賜金字匾額題為(wei)“蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)”，后稱“瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀(guan)，是一處(chu)始建于(yu)漢代的(de)中(zhong)國傳統建筑。位于(yu)江蘇揚州文昌(chang)中(zhong)路，是揚州市著名(ming)旅游景點之(zhi)一。曾屢次修(xiu)繕，今殿宇已圮(pi)，僅存瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)臺，“蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)”石匾，“玉鉤洞天”井等遺跡。石額乃(nai)清代名(ming)士劉(liu)大觀(guan)手書。

景點景觀

現觀(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有由淮南節度使高駢于唐僖宗(zong)中(zhong)和(he)二年（公(gong)元882年）所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)三清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、歐陽修所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)“無(wu)雙(shuang)亭(ting)(ting)”和(he)一(yi)(yi)座玉(yu)鉤古(gu)井。原有門(men)前牌(pai)坊(fang)、三清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、彌羅寶閣(ge)(ge)、文昌祠(ci)、深仁祠(ci)、竹軒(xuan)花(hua)亭(ting)(ting)、無(wu)雙(shuang)亭(ting)(ting)和(he)芍藥亭(ting)(ting)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，規模宏大，景色優(you)美。明朝揚州(zhou)知府吳秀在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)里(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)(ge)，閣(ge)(ge)為(wei)三層，既高大又壯麗，登閣(ge)(ge)就可以俯視全城。如今觀(guan)(guan)前的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang)系明代(dai)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)質呈糙米色，有左右(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱，上(shang)圓下方，柱端(duan)似華表，分別(bie)雕刻日(ri)月(yue)形狀，左為(wei)赤(chi)烏，象征著太(tai)陽，右(you)為(wei)玉(yu)兔，象征著月(yue)亮。門(men)樓三間(jian)，上(shang)嵌一(yi)(yi)方石(shi)(shi)(shi)額。其后(hou)為(wei)具有民族風格的(de)(de)三間(jian)單檐(yan)山門(men)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)(guan)內主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)座砌在(zai)(zai)高基平臺(tai)上(shang)的(de)(de)五(wu)楹(ying)重檐(yan)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，即“三清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”，平臺(tai)四周(zhou)圍是(shi)(shi)以白石(shi)(shi)(shi)欄桿(gan)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前種植有兩(liang)(liang)(liang)棵(ke)銀杏樹。平臺(tai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)梯兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)各(ge)種植一(yi)(yi)株龍爪槐(huai)與兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株瓊花(hua)。觀(guan)(guan)門(men)到大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)正中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)條甬(yong)道，甬(yong)道中(zhong)種植一(yi)(yi)棵(ke)老榆(yu)樹，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)各(ge)種植四株瓊花(hua)。甬(yong)道東西兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)各(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層樓結(jie)構的(de)(de)仿古(gu)廊(lang)(lang)房。而在(zai)(zai)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)方圍墻外的(de)(de)后(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)里(li)，小(xiao)橋流(liu)水、九曲(qu)碑(bei)廊(lang)(lang)，造(zao)型(xing)別(bie)致的(de)(de)瓊花(hua)臺(tai)與無(wu)雙(shuang)亭(ting)(ting)更是(shi)(shi)巧奪天工(gong)，整(zheng)個(ge)花(hua)園(yuan)濃縮江南園(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)美景之精華，令人(ren)流(liu)連(lian)忘返。

實用信息

旅游信息

地址：中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)江蘇省揚(yang)州(zhou)市文昌(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)路62號(hao)

交通：18路、26路、32路、86路、88路、89路、99路到“瓊(qiong)花觀（銀河電子(zi)城(cheng)）”下車。

歷史沿革

始建于公元(yuan)前十一(yi)年，即西漢元(yuan)延二(er)年，原為供奉主管萬物生(sheng)長的后土(tu)女神的后土(tu)祠。唐時增(zeng)修(xiu)(xiu)，名”唐昌觀(guan)”。宋(song)徽宗(zong)取多福大(da)福之(zhi)意，賜名“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”。瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀(guan)和(he)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)有(you)著解(jie)不(bu)開(kai)的淵(yuan)源(yuan)。瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀(guan)觀(guan)名之(zhi)由來是宋(song)時觀(guan)內有(you)一(yi)株(zhu)天下(xia)無雙的瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)。明(ming)代(dai)曾(ceng)(ceng)屢次修(xiu)(xiu)繕，今殿宇已圮，僅存瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)臺和(he)“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)”石匾。相傳隋煬(yang)帝也曾(ceng)(ceng)專程(cheng)下(xia)揚(yang)州(zhou)觀(guan)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)。宋(song)朝歐陽修(xiu)(xiu)做揚(yang)州(zhou)太守時，又在花(hua)(hua)旁建“無雙亭”，以示天下(xia)無雙。時人有(you)詩云：”維揚(yang)一(yi)株(zhu)花(hua)(hua)，四海無同類(lei)。”又云：”天下(xia)無雙獨此花(hua)(hua)。”宋(song)仁宗(zong)、宋(song)孝宗(zong)都(dou)曾(ceng)(ceng)將(jiang)它(ta)移植都(dou)城皇庭內，均不(bu)得活，只能重遷回揚(yang)州(zhou)。整宋(song)一(yi)代(dai)，古瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)都(dou)于揚(yang)州(zhou)歷經(jing)劫難，長生(sheng)不(bu)死。直至宋(song)亡元(yuan)興，這(zhe)株(zhu)“舉世無雙”的瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)神秘凋零。

元代(dai)至正十三年(nian)(公元1353年(nian))瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)枯死，道士金丙瑞補植聚八(ba)仙(xian)，并筑瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)臺一座。每(mei)當暮春三月，瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀內瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)盛(sheng)開時節，朵之奇(qi)葩，若蝴蝶戲珠，似(si)八(ba)仙(xian)起舞，以其綽(chuo)約的(de)芳姿(zi)和那美麗(li)動人(ren)的(de)傳說，迎(ying)接中外(wai)游人(ren)。

蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀歷史(shi)悠(you)久(jiu)，其前身是(shi)(shi)西漢時代所(suo)(suo)建(jian)的(de)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)祠。古時稱(cheng)地神(shen)或土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)為后土(tu)(tu)(tu)，后土(tu)(tu)(tu)祠就是(shi)(shi)祭祀(si)地神(shen)或土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)的(de)廟(miao)宇(yu)。唐(tang)僖宗中和二(er)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)882年(nian)），經淮南節度副使高(gao)駢增(zeng)修，易名(ming)唐(tang)昌觀。北宋至道(dao)二(er)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)996年(nian)），揚(yang)州(zhou)太守(shou)因觀內(nei)的(de)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)樹(shu)葉茂花(hua)(hua)(hua)繁，潔白可(ke)愛，首詠《瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)詩(shi)》。自此，瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之名(ming)，遂名(ming)聞海內(nei)。歐陽修任(ren)郡守(shou)時，因揚(yang)州(zhou)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)"世無(wu)倫"，而在觀內(nei)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)樹(shu)旁筑亭(ting)，其匾額(e)上書(shu)"無(wu)雙(shuang)亭(ting)"，以作飲酒觀賞瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之所(suo)(suo)，并作詩(shi)曰："瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)芍(shao)藥世無(wu)倫，偶(ou)不(bu)題詩(shi)便怨(yuan)人。曾(ceng)向(xiang)無(wu)雙(shuang)亭(ting)下醉，自知不(bu)負廣陵春"。北宋政和年(nian)間(jian)（公(gong)元(yuan)1111～1118年(nian)），取(qu)《漢書(shu)·郊祀(si)歌辭》"唯(wei)泰元(yuan)尊(zun)，媼(ao)神(shen)蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)"義（蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)，即多福的(de)意思(si)），改廟(miao)名(ming)為"蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀"，宋徽宗欽(qin)賜(si)"蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀"匾額(e)。世人以此觀中有瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，故俗(su)稱(cheng)為"瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀"。

明(ming)代(dai)揚(yang)州知(zhi)府吳秀在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)里(li)建玉(yu)皇閣，閣高三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)，高大(da)(da)壯麗，登閣可以(yi)(yi)俯視全城(cheng)。時(shi)至(zhi)清(qing)代(dai)，瓊花觀(guan)已逐漸衰敗，到(dao)了民國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)，蕃釐觀(guan)內(nei)的建筑物已基(ji)本毀于大(da)(da)火(huo)。現今(jin)的蕃釐觀(guan)是(shi)(shi)由(you)揚(yang)州市政府出資(zi)于1993年(nian)開始重修，歷時(shi)三(san)年(nian)，耗資(zi)1800萬元，重建后(hou)(hou)的蕃釐觀(guan)，觀(guan)門(men)仍(reng)朝南(nan)(nan)。觀(guan)前(qian)的石(shi)(shi)牌坊系明(ming)代(dai)所建，石(shi)(shi)質呈糙米(mi)色(se)，有左(zuo)右兩根石(shi)(shi)柱，上圓下方(fang)(fang)，柱端(duan)似華(hua)表，分別(bie)雕刻(ke)日月形(xing)狀，左(zuo)為赤烏，象(xiang)征(zheng)著太陽，右為玉(yu)免，象(xiang)征(zheng)著月亮。門(men)樓三(san)間，上嵌一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)石(shi)(shi)額，"蕃釐觀(guan)"三(san)個大(da)(da)字為清(qing)人(ren)劉大(da)(da)觀(guan)所題。其后(hou)(hou)是(shi)(shi)具(ju)有民族風格的三(san)間單檐(yan)山門(men)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)內(nei)的主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)座砌(qi)在(zai)(zai)高基(ji)平臺上的五楹重檐(yan)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，即"三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)"，平臺四(si)周圍(wei)以(yi)(yi)白石(shi)(shi)欄桿(gan)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)植(zhi)有兩棵(ke)銀杏樹。平臺石(shi)(shi)梯兩側各(ge)植(zhi)一(yi)(yi)株龍爪槐、兩株瓊花。觀(guan)門(men)至(zhi)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的正中一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)甬(yong)道，甬(yong)道中有一(yi)(yi)棵(ke)老榆(yu)樹，兩側各(ge)植(zhi)四(si)株瓊花。甬(yong)道東西側各(ge)建兩層(ceng)(ceng)樓結構(gou)的仿古(gu)廊房。而在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)圍(wei)墻外(wai)的后(hou)(hou)花園(yuan)內(nei)，小橋流水，九曲碑廊，造型別(bie)致的瓊花臺、無雙亭更(geng)是(shi)(shi)巧奪(duo)天(tian)工，整個花園(yuan)濃縮了江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)園(yuan)林美景之精華(hua)，令人(ren)流連忘返。

據史料記載，在(zai)清順(shun)治(zhi)、康熙年間，先后有兩代(dai)張天(tian)師羽(yu)化在(zai)蕃釐觀(guan)內，故(gu)為道家正一派(pai)視為圣地。而在(zai)古代(dai)許(xu)多(duo)小說里，瓊(qiong)花觀(guan)都被描寫成神仙(xian)出(chu)沒或高人隱居之地。在(zai)明人寫的(de)(de)《隋(sui)煬帝艷史》、《隋(sui)唐演義》一類小說里，都大(da)肆渲染(ran)隋(sui)煬帝和瓊(qiong)花的(de)(de)神奇(qi)故(gu)事。在(zai)清代(dai)的(de)(de)一些筆記中(zhong)，又常(chang)常(chang)記載江湖隱士或山野奇(qi)人寓居在(zai)瓊(qiong)花觀(guan)里。《儒林外史》的(de)(de)作(zuo)者吳敬梓在(zai)落魄(po)的(de)(de)晚年常(chang)常(chang)流連于瓊(qiong)花臺畔，悲(bei)悼自己的(de)(de)坎坷身世也像瓊(qiong)花一般。他(ta)的(de)(de)侄兒金兆燕有詩(shi)云(yun)："峨(e)峨(e)瓊(qiong)花臺，郁郁冬青枝。與(yu)君(jun)攀(pan)寒條，淚下如連絲。"描寫了吳敬梓在(zai)瓊(qiong)花觀(guan)里愴然涕下，淚濕衣衫(shan)的(de)(de)情景。

瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)，舊(jiu)稱“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)”。宋徽宗趙佶賜金字匾(bian)額(e)題(ti)為“蕃釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)”，后稱“瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)”。

位于揚州(zhou)市區文(wen)昌中路（原瓊花(hua)路）的北側(ce)，是揚州(zhou)市著名旅(lv)游景(jing)點之一，原為供奉主管(guan)萬物生長的后土女神(shen)的后土祠，始建于公元前十一年(nian)，至今已有兩千多(duo)年(nian)的歷史。宋徽(hui)宗(zong)趙佶賜金字匾額題為“蕃(fan)釐觀(guan)”。“蕃(fan)釐”出自《漢(han)書·禮樂(le)志》“惟(wei)泰元尊(zun)，媼神(shen)蕃(fan)釐”，蕃(fan)指(zhi)多(duo)、大(da)，釐代(dai)表福(fu)氣，蕃(fan)釐即多(duo)福(fu)大(da)福(fu)。舉(ju)世無雙的揚州(zhou)古瓊花(hua)就生長在蕃(fan)釐觀(guan)，因此(ci)俗稱瓊花(hua)觀(guan)。

瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀建于西漢成帝元延二年，宋(song)代歐陽修任揚州知州時(shi)，于觀內筑“無雙亭”，以供養花(hua)。一(yi)到暮春三月(yue)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀中的瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)盛開時(shi)節，朵之奇葩，倘若蝴(hu)蝶戲珠(zhu)，好似(si)八仙起舞，以其綽約的芳姿與(yu)那美麗動人的傳(chuan)說(shuo)，迎接著中外游(you)人。

榮譽及其他

相關傳說

傳說一

傳說瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀(guan)和瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)有(you)著解不開的(de)淵(yuan)源。漢(han)代(dai)揚州(zhou)城東曾有(you)一株(zhu)瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)，當時(shi)有(you)人特為(wei)之(zhi)建“瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)觀(guan)”。相傳隋煬帝下揚州(zhou)也(ye)是為(wei)了觀(guan)賞瓊(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)。

宋(song)朝歐(ou)陽(yang)修做揚州太守時，又在(zai)花(hua)旁建“無(wu)雙(shuang)亭”，以示(shi)天(tian)下無(wu)雙(shuang)。宋(song)仁(ren)宗、宋(song)孝宗都(dou)曾移植瓊花(hua)于皇宮內，均不得(de)活。宋(song)亡元(yuan)興，這株瓊花(hua)神(shen)秘(mi)凋零而死。

瓊花(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)一種具(ju)有傳奇色彩(cai)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉。瓊花(hua)(hua)(hua)原物(wu)現今(jin)雖(sui)已(yi)不(bu)存，但長期以(yi)來，揚州(zhou)人民約(yue)定(ding)俗成，已(yi)把聚(ju)八仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)視為(wei)瓊花(hua)(hua)(hua)。瓊花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀作為(wei)千年古道觀，歷經興衰滄桑，作為(wei)揚州(zhou)著(zhu)名道觀和著(zhu)名的(de)(de)歷史文化(hua)遺跡(ji)，始終享有崇高的(de)(de)地位。

傳說二

“明月三分州(zhou)有二，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樹世無(wu)雙”。在(zai)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)關于瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)很多。有一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)法是，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)原生(sheng)于天上，一(yi)(yi)(yi)日有仙人(ren)(ren)降(jiang)至(zhi)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)，夸說(shuo)(shuo)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，世人(ren)(ren)不(bu)信，仙人(ren)(ren)便取出一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊白玉(yu)種(zhong)在(zai)土里，頃刻間發芽、長高、開花(hua)(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)色如(ru)玉(yu)，人(ren)(ren)們遂稱之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)”。相(xiang)傳(chuan)隋煬帝要賞(shang)此花(hua)(hua)(hua)，專門開鑿運河(he)前(qian)往揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)觀賞(shang)。因為(wei)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)有冰肌(ji)玉(yu)骨之(zhi)(zhi)質，它(ta)又(you)與宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)興俱(ju)興，與宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)亡俱(ju)亡，故曾被人(ren)(ren)視為(wei)吉祥的(de)象征。據說(shuo)(shuo)，北宋(song)時(shi)宋(song)仁宗(zong)曾把瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)從揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)移植到(dao)汴京(jing)御花(hua)(hua)(hua)園里，但(dan)(dan)第二年(nian)就枯萎了，只好又(you)送還(huan)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)又(you)復茂如(ru)故。金國的(de)海陵王攻占揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)后，又(you)把瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)連根(gen)拔(ba)起掠(lve)去(qu)，幸而有道之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)太守對殘根(gen)辛勤培育(yu)，才(cai)使(shi)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)絕處逢(feng)生(sheng)。南(nan)宋(song)的(de)孝(xiao)宗(zong)聽說(shuo)(shuo)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)美(mei)，又(you)把它(ta)移往臨安宮中，但(dan)(dan)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了臨安便憔悴無(wu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，只得又(you)遣還(huan)揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)。到(dao)元(yuan)世祖時(shi)，蒙(meng)古大將阿木以十萬(wan)兵馬(ma)攻破揚(yang)(yang)(yang)州(zhou)，燒殺搶掠(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)下，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)終于死(si)去(qu)。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列神奇(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)，都使(shi)得瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蒙(meng)上了神秘的(de)色彩(cai)，也使(shi)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀成為(wei)江淮(huai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶著名的(de)道觀，以至(zhi)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)般老(lao)百姓只知道瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀的(de)名字，卻不(bu)知道有蕃釐觀的(de)名字。