三十六行:是(shi)(shi)舊時對各行各業的通稱,也是(shi)(shi)中國唐代社會主要行業的統稱,反映(ying)當時社會行業的分工(gong)。
出(chu)自清·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三(san)十六行,行行相(xiang)妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉(rou)肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮(gong)粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文房用具(ju)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木(mu)(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯(tang)店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木(mu)(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗(sha)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩(cai)興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻(yu)不(bu)論干哪一行(xing),只要熱愛本(ben)職工作(zuo),都能做出(chu)優異的成績。
在(zai)宋朝的時候,有個(ge)叫(jiao)葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)的人被(bei)點為(wei)(wei)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)騎著(zhu)高(gao)頭(tou)大馬,得(de)意洋(yang)洋(yang)地在(zai)街上(shang)走著(zhu)。來(lai)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)路(lu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)時,只見(jian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)樵(qiao)(qiao)夫不(bu)避不(bu)讓,照舊往(wang)(wang)前走,衙役們高(gao)喊讓道(dao),樵(qiao)(qiao)夫才停(ting)在(zai)路(lu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)說:“新(xin)科狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有什么了(le)不(bu)起(qi)!如(ru)果我小時候能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠上(shang)學,現在(zai)也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)聞言大怒,喝道(dao):“山村匹夫,如(ru)此不(bu)自量力!還是(shi)老老實實砍(kan)你的柴去(qu)吧,樵(qiao)(qiao)夫不(bu)以為(wei)(wei)然(ran)地說:“天下學問多的是(shi),就說砍(kan)柴吧,我想怎么砍(kan)就怎么砍(kan),你能(neng)(neng)(neng)嗎?”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)信(xin)。椎夫拿過一(yi)(yi)塊方(fang)木,在(zai)上(shang)面畫了(le)一(yi)(yi)條線(xian),舉起(qi)斧頭(tou)往(wang)(wang)下一(yi)(yi)劈(pi),正巧沿(yan)線(xian)劈(pi)開了(le)木頭(tou),這(zhe)時,又走過來(lai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)賣油(you)翁,嚷著(zhu)說:“這(zhe)有什么了(le)不(bu)起(qi),如(ru)果我是(shi)樵(qiao)(qiao)夫,我也能(neng)(neng)(neng)這(zhe)樣!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)一(yi)(yi)聽,就說:“好!我買(mai)你一(yi)(yi)斤(jin)九兩油(you),但得(de)用(yong)手倒。”賣油(you)翁哈哈大笑,合出(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小瓶(ping),又在(zai)瓶(ping)口(kou)(kou)(kou)放了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)銅板,拿起(qi)油(you)桶便倒。只見(jian)油(you)如(ru)同一(yi)(yi)根(gen)線(xian)一(yi)(yi)樣落入(ru)錢眼中,稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)稱(cheng),一(yi)(yi)點不(bu)差。狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看了(le)兩人的表演,嘆了(le)口(kou)(kou)(kou)氣說:“真(zhen)是(shi)三(san)十六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來,人們又把三(san)十六行(xing)改為三(san)百六十行(xing),就成了(le)我們現在說的“三(san)百六十行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出(chu)狀元”了(le)。