三十六行:是舊(jiu)時對(dui)各行(xing)(xing)各業的(de)通稱(cheng),也是中國唐代社(she)會主(zhu)要行(xing)(xing)業的(de)統稱(cheng),反映當時社(she)會行(xing)(xing)業的(de)分工(gong)。
出自清·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三十(shi)六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)相(xiang)妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮(xian)魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)房用具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵(wu)作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮(pi)革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不論干哪一行,只要熱愛(ai)本職工作,都能做出優異(yi)的成績。
在(zai)宋朝的(de)(de)時(shi)候,有個(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清的(de)(de)人被點為狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清騎著高頭大馬(ma),得(de)(de)意洋洋地(di)在(zai)街上(shang)走著。來到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)路(lu)口(kou)時(shi),只(zhi)(zhi)見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)樵夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang),照舊往前走,衙役們高喊讓(rang)道(dao),樵夫(fu)(fu)(fu)才停在(zai)路(lu)口(kou)說(shuo):“新(xin)科狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有什么了(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起!如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)(wo)小時(shi)候能(neng)夠上(shang)學(xue),現在(zai)也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清聞言(yan)大怒,喝(he)道(dao):“山村匹夫(fu)(fu)(fu),如(ru)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)量力!還是(shi)老老實(shi)實(shi)砍你(ni)的(de)(de)柴(chai)去吧(ba),樵夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以為然地(di)說(shuo):“天下學(xue)問(wen)多的(de)(de)是(shi),就說(shuo)砍柴(chai)吧(ba),我(wo)(wo)想(xiang)怎么砍就怎么砍,你(ni)能(neng)嗎?”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)信。椎夫(fu)(fu)(fu)拿過一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)方木(mu),在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)畫(hua)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條線,舉起斧(fu)頭往下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劈,正(zheng)巧沿線劈開了(le)(le)(le)(le)木(mu)頭,這時(shi),又走過來一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)賣油翁,嚷著說(shuo):“這有什么了(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起,如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)(wo)是(shi)樵夫(fu)(fu)(fu),我(wo)(wo)也能(neng)這樣!”葉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽,就說(shuo):“好!我(wo)(wo)買你(ni)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤九(jiu)兩油,但得(de)(de)用手倒。”賣油翁哈(ha)哈(ha)大笑,合出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)小瓶,又在(zai)瓶口(kou)放(fang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)銅板(ban),拿起油桶(tong)便倒。只(zhi)(zhi)見油如(ru)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根線一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣落入錢眼中,稱一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稱,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點不(bu)(bu)(bu)差。狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看(kan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩人的(de)(de)表演,嘆(tan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)口(kou)氣說(shuo):“真是(shi)三十(shi)六行,行行出狀(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來,人們又把三十六行改為(wei)三百(bai)六十行,就成了我們現在(zai)說的“三百(bai)六十行,行行出狀元”了。