富(fu)川(chuan)古明城(cheng)(cheng)是廣西保留較為完整的(de)古縣城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)之一。該城(cheng)(cheng)建于明洪(hong)武二(er)十(shi)九年(1396年)。城(cheng)(cheng)以“十(shi)”字架(jia)對稱,街道(dao)皆由(you)鵝卵石鋪成(cheng),鑲嵌有象征(zheng)(zheng)錢財、富(fu)貴(gui)的(de)金(jin)錢圖案,象征(zheng)(zheng)幸福、光(guang)明的(de)太陽圖案。設有東南(nan)西北(bei)四(si)門(men)(men)(men)(men)出入(ru)(ru)。東曰升平,南(nan)稱向日,西為泰定,北(bei)名迎恩。瀟賀古道(dao)自北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru)(ru)而從南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)出。四(si)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)俱為大方青(qing)(qing)石構筑,每(mei)座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)由(you)831塊(kuai)至896塊(kuai)整齊平滑(hua)的(de)大青(qing)(qing)石塊(kuai)砌成(cheng)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)墻內(nei)窄外寬,各門(men)(men)(men)(men)頂上均有城(cheng)(cheng)樓,雕欄飛檐(yan),堅固結實,雄偉壯觀。由(you)于歷史(shi)原因(yin),人為損壞也(ye)比較嚴(yan)重,目前只(zhi)剩東門(men)(men)(men)(men)、南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。
四個城(cheng)門(men)(men)俱為(wei)大方青石構筑(zhu),每座城(cheng)門(men)(men)由(you)831塊至896塊整齊平滑的(de)大青石塊砌成。各門(men)(men)頂上均有(you)城(cheng)樓,雕欄飛(fei)檐,堅固結(jie)實,雄偉(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。目前(qian)只(zhi)剩東門(men)(men)、南(nan)門(men)(men)和(he)北門(men)(men)。但多年來由(you)于資(zi)金(jin)不足,加之諸多方面(mian)的(de)原因,古(gu)明城(cheng)很多建筑(zhu)得(de)不到(dao)有(you)效的(de)維護,文物古(gu)跡不斷受到(dao)破壞。
明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)位于富(fu)(fu)川瑤(yao)族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)都龐嶺余(yu)脈(mo)的(de)(de)西(xi)屏山(shan)下、富(fu)(fu)江上游(you)的(de)(de)瞭高(gao)嶺旁。據舊縣(xian)(xian)志載,該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)建于明(ming)(ming)洪武二(er)十九年(1396年),始為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土墻(qiang),明(ming)(ming)萬歷年間(1573年~1620年)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚墻(qiang)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)周長2113米,高(gao)6米,寬2.7米,垛口909個,城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)距500米,南北距600米,總面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3平(ping)方公里,外(wai)有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)南有(you)(you)七(qi)層古塔,塔下有(you)(you)慈云寺,與成北蟠龍山(shan)和城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)馬鞍(an)山(shan)對峙,形成天然(ran)屏障。是一(yi)(yi)座進(jin)可攻(gong)、退可守(shou)的(de)(de)軍事古城(cheng)(cheng),也是廣西(xi)難得的(de)(de)保留較完(wan)整的(de)(de)古縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址之一(yi)(yi),幾(ji)百年來重(zhong)修過8次。明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)原有(you)(you)4座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men):東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)升(sheng)平(ping)門(men)(men)(men),西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰定門(men)(men)(men),南為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向日門(men)(men)(men),北為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)迎恩(en)門(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)高(gao)6.5米,周長51米,原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚建,清乾隆(long)八(ba)年(1743年)易磚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)方青(qing)(qing)石(shi)(shi)。每塊(kuai)(kuai)一(yi)(yi)般長1.8米,高(gao)0.58米,厚1.02米。每座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)約由831塊(kuai)(kuai)至896塊(kuai)(kuai)這樣的(de)(de)大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)砌筑而成。城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)造型大(da)(da)同(tong)小異,都有(you)(you)中道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)高(gao)5.1米,寬4米,縱深14.7米。城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)中道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)居中部分(fen),有(you)(you)兩扇鐵(tie)木(mu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)嚴厚大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)。上有(you)(you)銅釘(ding)鐵(tie)葉(xie),巨型門(men)(men)(men)環。大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)扇上方的(de)(de)樓(lou)廓(kuo)有(you)(you)暗道(dao)(dao)與城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)15米長的(de)(de)地(di)道(dao)(dao)相通,可上可下,攻(gong)守(shou)齊備,進(jin)退自如。四(si)座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)現僅存東(dong)(dong)、南兩門(men)(men)(men),已修葺一(yi)(yi)新。東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓拱型,城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)上的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)采(cai)用“木(mu)廓(kuo)結構(gou)”,由8根高(gao)6米、直徑30厘米的(de)(de)木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)支撐(cheng),不(bu)用一(yi)(yi)根鐵(tie)釘(ding),青(qing)(qing)磚青(qing)(qing)瓦,紅(hong)柱(zhu)(zhu)飛檐。城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)下另有(you)(you)“鯉魚石(shi)(shi)”作標記,石(shi)(shi)上有(you)(you)鯉魚圖案。南門(men)(men)(men)用較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)卡(ka)條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)鑲砌,門(men)(men)(men)扇外(wai)用鐵(tie)皮作保護層,在緊靠城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)內拱上留有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個長4米,寬3米的(de)(de)“箭洞”。南門(men)(men)(men)以(yi)“芒(mang)鞋石(shi)(shi)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)標志,它是用一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)鞋底狀的(de)(de)黑色石(shi)(shi)頭,鑲在一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)青(qing)(qing)石(shi)(shi)上。
城(cheng)(cheng)內街道共(gong)有(you)4條,叫鎮升、仁(ren)義(yi)、鎮武(wu)、陽壽街,交叉分成(cheng)12方陣,呈“井(jing)”字型布局(ju)。街道寬3米左右,路(lu)面全(quan)用(yong)鵝卵石鑲(xiang)嵌成(cheng)金錢(qian)圖(tu)案,線條粗獷,古(gu)雅(ya)別(bie)致,俗(su)稱(cheng)“花街”。各條街道都有(you)“子(zi)精樓”,也稱(cheng)“燈樓”,由眾人推(tui)舉的(de)“燈頭”輪流管理。“明(ming)富川城(cheng)(cheng)”社(she)會與經濟文化(hua)發展的(de)鼎盛時期為明(ming)末清初(chu)。城(cheng)(cheng)內,井(jing)巷交錯、集市密布、居民成(cheng)群。始(shi)設有(you)衙署書院(yuan)、寺祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)庵、商鋪客(ke)棧,文娛雜耍等功能(neng)設施,且具明(ming)清風格的(de)政治文化(hua)、宗(zong)教(jiao)祭祀的(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑亦無(wu)所不全(quan),其中(zhong)典型的(de)有(you)文武(wu)兩廟(miao)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)、文昌閣、報恩寺、慈云寺、節(jie)孝(xiao)祠(ci)(ci)、昭忠祠(ci)(ci)及養濟院(yuan)、坊表神樓與教(jiao)諭署麥嶺同知署、訓導署等古(gu)代建(jian)筑。俗(su)稱(cheng)“花街”的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)池步道中(zhong),井(jing)形構造,卵石鋪砌,圖(tu)案秀美,棱圓相接,是堪稱(cheng)廣(guang)西一(yi)絕的(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)步道。
每年(nian)農(nong)歷正(zheng)月初十至十五為(wei)元(yuan)宵節,不(bu)論貧富,凡是生(sheng)(sheng)男的(de)都要往“子精樓”送一盞(zhan)精心制作并(bing)有各式圖文、寫(xie)有新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)兒名字的(de)彩燈(deng)。近年(nian)來,隨著(zhu)人們生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)觀念的(de)改變,即使(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)女孩(hai),也要往燈(deng)樓送一盞(zhan)蓮(lian)花燈(deng)。那(nei)段時間(jian),各街的(de)龍(long)獅(shi),便在每天入夜(ye)后周游各燈(deng)樓。屆時龍(long)獅(shi)薈(hui)萃,鞭(bian)炮震天,人們匯(hui)集看(kan)燈(deng),笑(xiao)語歡聲,熱鬧異常。
地址:廣西壯(zhuang)族自治區賀州市富川瑤族自治縣(xian)文教路18號