富(fu)川古明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)是廣西保留(liu)較為完(wan)整的(de)古縣城(cheng)遺址之一。該城(cheng)建于明(ming)(ming)洪武二十九(jiu)年(1396年)。城(cheng)以“十”字架對(dui)稱,街道皆由(you)鵝卵石鋪(pu)成(cheng),鑲嵌有象征錢(qian)財、富(fu)貴的(de)金錢(qian)圖案(an),象征幸福、光明(ming)(ming)的(de)太(tai)陽圖案(an)。設有東南西北(bei)(bei)四(si)(si)門(men)(men)出入。東曰升平,南稱向日,西為泰(tai)定,北(bei)(bei)名(ming)迎恩。瀟(xiao)賀古道自北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)入而從(cong)南門(men)(men)出。四(si)(si)個城(cheng)門(men)(men)俱為大(da)(da)方(fang)青石構筑,每座(zuo)城(cheng)門(men)(men)由(you)831塊至896塊整齊(qi)平滑的(de)大(da)(da)青石塊砌(qi)成(cheng)。門(men)(men)墻內窄外寬,各門(men)(men)頂(ding)上均有城(cheng)樓,雕欄(lan)飛檐,堅固結實,雄偉壯觀。由(you)于歷史(shi)原因,人為損壞也比較嚴(yan)重,目前只剩東門(men)(men)、南門(men)(men)和北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)。
四個城門(men)(men)俱為大方青石構筑(zhu),每座(zuo)城門(men)(men)由831塊(kuai)至896塊(kuai)整(zheng)齊平滑(hua)的(de)大青石塊(kuai)砌成。各門(men)(men)頂上均(jun)有城樓,雕欄飛檐,堅固結實(shi),雄(xiong)偉壯觀(guan)。目(mu)前只剩東門(men)(men)、南門(men)(men)和北(bei)門(men)(men)。但多(duo)(duo)年來由于資(zi)金不足,加之諸多(duo)(duo)方面(mian)的(de)原(yuan)因,古明城很多(duo)(duo)建(jian)筑(zhu)得不到有效(xiao)的(de)維護,文物古跡(ji)不斷(duan)受(shou)到破(po)壞。
明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于富川瑤族自治縣(xian)都龐嶺余脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西屏(ping)山下(xia)(xia)、富江(jiang)上(shang)(shang)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞭高(gao)嶺旁。據舊縣(xian)志(zhi)載(zai),該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建于明洪武二(er)十九年(nian)(1396年(nian)),始為(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)墻(qiang),明萬歷年(nian)間(1573年(nian)~1620年(nian))改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)周長(chang)2113米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),垛口(kou)909個,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西距500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)距600米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3平方公里,外(wai)有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)七層古塔,塔下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)慈云寺,與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)蟠龍山和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)馬(ma)鞍山對峙,形成(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)然屏(ping)障。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)座進可(ke)(ke)攻、退(tui)可(ke)(ke)守的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也是(shi)廣西難得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保留較完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),幾百年(nian)來(lai)重(zhong)修過8次。明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原有(you)(you)4座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):東(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)升平門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),西為(wei)(wei)(wei)泰定門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)向日(ri)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),北(bei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)迎恩門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)高(gao)6.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周長(chang)51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),原為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)建,清乾(qian)隆八年(nian)(1743年(nian))易(yi)磚(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)方青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。每(mei)塊(kuai)(kuai)一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)0.58米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),厚1.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。每(mei)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)約(yue)由831塊(kuai)(kuai)至896塊(kuai)(kuai)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)砌筑而成(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)造型大(da)同(tong)小異(yi),都有(you)(you)中(zhong)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)高(gao)5.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),縱深14.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)居中(zhong)部分,有(you)(you)兩扇鐵(tie)木(mu)(mu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)厚大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)銅釘(ding)鐵(tie)葉,巨型門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)環。大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)扇上(shang)(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)廓(kuo)有(you)(you)暗(an)道(dao)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地道(dao)相通,可(ke)(ke)上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)下(xia)(xia),攻守齊備,進退(tui)自如(ru)。四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)現(xian)僅(jin)存東(dong)、南(nan)(nan)兩門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),已修葺一(yi)(yi)新。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓拱型,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)采用“木(mu)(mu)廓(kuo)結構(gou)”,由8根高(gao)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、直徑30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)柱支撐,不用一(yi)(yi)根鐵(tie)釘(ding),青(qing)磚(zhuan)青(qing)瓦,紅柱飛檐。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)下(xia)(xia)另有(you)(you)“鯉(li)魚(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”作(zuo)標記,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)鯉(li)魚(yu)圖案。南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)用較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卡條石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鑲砌,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)扇外(wai)用鐵(tie)皮作(zuo)保護層,在(zai)(zai)緊靠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內拱上(shang)(shang)留有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個長(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“箭(jian)洞”。南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以“芒鞋石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)標志(zhi),它是(shi)用一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)鞋底狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色(se)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭,鑲在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)。
城內(nei)街道共有4條(tiao),叫鎮升、仁義、鎮武、陽壽(shou)街,交(jiao)叉分成(cheng)12方陣(zhen),呈“井(jing)”字型布局。街道寬3米左右,路面全用鵝卵(luan)(luan)石鑲嵌成(cheng)金錢(qian)圖案,線條(tiao)粗獷(guang),古(gu)雅別致(zhi),俗稱(cheng)“花街”。各條(tiao)街道都(dou)有“子精樓”,也稱(cheng)“燈樓”,由眾人推(tui)舉的(de)“燈頭”輪流管(guan)理(li)。“明富川城”社會與經濟(ji)文化發展(zhan)的(de)鼎盛時期為明末(mo)清初。城內(nei),井(jing)巷交(jiao)錯、集(ji)市密布、居民(min)成(cheng)群。始設有衙署(shu)(shu)書院(yuan)、寺祠(ci)廟(miao)庵、商鋪客棧,文娛雜耍等功(gong)能(neng)設施,且具(ju)明清風格的(de)政治文化、宗教祭祀的(de)古(gu)建筑亦無(wu)所不全,其中典型的(de)有文武兩廟(miao)和(he)城隍廟(miao)、文昌閣、報恩寺、慈云(yun)寺、節孝祠(ci)、昭忠祠(ci)及(ji)養濟(ji)院(yuan)、坊(fang)表神樓與教諭(yu)署(shu)(shu)麥嶺同(tong)知署(shu)(shu)、訓導(dao)署(shu)(shu)等古(gu)代(dai)建筑。俗稱(cheng)“花街”的(de)城池步道中,井(jing)形構造,卵(luan)(luan)石鋪砌,圖案秀美,棱圓相接(jie),是堪稱(cheng)廣西一絕的(de)古(gu)城步道。
每年(nian)(nian)農歷正月初十至十五為(wei)元宵節(jie),不論貧富(fu),凡是生(sheng)男(nan)的(de)都要往“子精(jing)樓”送(song)一(yi)盞(zhan)精(jing)心制作并有(you)各(ge)式圖文、寫(xie)有(you)新生(sheng)兒(er)名字的(de)彩燈(deng)(deng)(deng)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,隨著人(ren)們生(sheng)育(yu)觀念的(de)改變,即使生(sheng)了(le)女孩,也(ye)要往燈(deng)(deng)(deng)樓送(song)一(yi)盞(zhan)蓮花燈(deng)(deng)(deng)。那段時間,各(ge)街的(de)龍獅,便在每天(tian)入夜后周游各(ge)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)樓。屆(jie)時龍獅薈(hui)萃,鞭炮震天(tian),人(ren)們匯集看燈(deng)(deng)(deng),笑(xiao)語歡聲(sheng),熱(re)鬧異(yi)常。
地址:廣(guang)西壯族自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)賀州(zhou)市富川瑤族自(zi)治(zhi)縣文教路18號(hao)