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地理環境

位置

山(shan)東(dong)南(nan)四湖省級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區位于山(shan)東(dong)省濟寧(ning)市微山(shan)縣、任(ren)城區、魚臺縣境內。地理坐標：34°27′一35°20'N，116°34'一117°E。

氣候

山東南(nan)四(si)(si)湖(hu)省級自然保護區屬暖溫帶(dai)季(ji)風大陸性氣(qi)候，四(si)(si)季(ji)分明。年(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)雨且為773.6mm，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照2515.5h，陸地(di)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫為13.8C，湖(hu)內年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫為14.3C。

水文

南四湖平均水深1.46m，歷史最高水位36.48m，最大蓄水面(mian)積(ji)12.66平方千米，最大蓄水量(liang)為53億立(li)方米，流(liu)域跨越(yue)山(shan)東、江蘇、河南、安徽4個省32個縣 (市)，總流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)317萬公(gong)頃，入湖河道共有53條，出湖水道主要有3條。  

南(nan)四(si)湖(hu)屬中國準河以北地區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大，結構完整，保存較好的(de)內陸大型淡(dan)水(shui)草型湖(hu)泊，占山東省淡(dan)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)47%，是中國十大淡(dan)水(shui)湖(hu)泊之一。

歷史沿革

1982年，微山縣政府(fu)批準成(cheng)立(li)為縣級(ji)南四(si)湖保護(hu)區。

1996年，濟寧市政府又(you)將南四湖確(que)立為市級自然(ran)保護(hu)區。

2003年，山東(dong)省政府批準成為省級自然保護區(qu)。

榮譽及其他

保護目標

植物資源

山東南(nan)四湖省級自(zi)然(ran)保護區自(zi)然(ran)環境獨特、生(sheng)(sheng)物資源(yuan)多樣，有(you)各種植(zhi)物195種，其中楊、柳、泡桐等(deng)48種，蘆葦、簏草等(deng)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物147種，國家級保護植(zhi)物5種，在《瀕危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物國際貿易公約》中受保護的有(you)30種。

動物資源

山東(dong)南(nan)四湖省級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區有各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物321種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中：魚(yu)類80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲類7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、獸(shou)類18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物中有國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物有大鴇、東(dong)方白鸛2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物有大天鵝(e)、鴛鴦、長耳鸮等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山東(dong)省重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》中受保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物有31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。另外，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)無脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物中有浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物248種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、底棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、昆蟲(chong)415種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。豐富的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物資(zi)源是(shi)南(nan)四湖濕地生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性、典型性的(de)(de)重(zhong)要體現(xian)。

山(shan)東(dong)(dong)南四湖省級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)，分別(bie)隸屬于9目16科(ke)53屬。其中(zhong)，鯉科(ke)魚類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最多，達(da)55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)68.7 %；其次是鲿科(ke)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)6.2 %；鰍科(ke)、鮨科(ke)各3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)3.8%；其它各類(lei)(lei)共14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)17.5%。兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)1目4科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)蟾(chan)蜍科(ke)的(de)中(zhong)華大蟾(chan)蜍、花背蟾(chan)蜍以(yi)及蛙(wa)(wa)科(ke)的(de)黑斑(ban)蛙(wa)(wa)。爬行類(lei)(lei)有3目5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)烏龜為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)，無蹼壁虎為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國特有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其中(zhong)水(shui)禽81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)隸屬于17目、53科(ke)。其中(zhong)留鳥(niao)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)17.1%；夏候(hou)鳥(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)23.9%；冬候(hou)鳥(niao)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)12.2%；旅鳥(niao)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)46.8%；廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)87.8%；古(gu)北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)6.8%；東(dong)(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)5.4%。獸類(lei)(lei)有5目9科(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其黃鼬、艾鼬、狗獾(huan)、豹貓、赤(chi)狐為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)。

以(yi)上(shang)數據截至2013年(nian)

管理措施

①1982年建(jian)立縣級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)。]996年建(jian)立市級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)，2003年建(jian)立省級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu);。

②2004年成(cheng)立“濟(ji)寧市南四湖自(zi)然保護區(qu)管(guan)理局”。

③2005年(nian)濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)(shi)政府出臺了《濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)(shi)南(nan)四湖自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)管理(li)辦法》、成立了以市(shi)(shi)長為主任(ren)委(wei)員的“濟(ji)寧(ning)市(shi)(shi)南(nan)四湖自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)管理(li)委(wei)員會(hui)。

④2005年一2006年在(zai)自然保護區(qu)實驗區(qu)和(he)核(he)心區(qu)分界處(chu)安裝了570多個界樁，界牌(pai)和(he)浮標(biao)。

⑤2010年(nian)，市(shi)編委核定管理(li)局編制15名(ming)，并加掛“濟(ji)寧市(shi)濕地保護管理(li)中(zhong)心牌子(zi)”。

⑥積極開展國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區申報(bao)晉升工作。編(bian)制完(wan)成了(le)山東南四湖自然保護(hu)(hu)區綜合科(ke)學考察報(bao)告(gao)、總體規(gui)劃。

⑦積極申(shen)報(bao)濕(shi)(shi)地恢復工程(cheng)項目。經過積極努力，我們申(shen)報(bao)的“山東南四湖濕(shi)(shi)地保護與恢復示范工程(cheng)項目可行性研究報(bao)告(gao)”已經國(guo)家林(lin)業局批復，總投資(zi)1433萬元，項目第(di)一期投資(zi)資(zi)金已撥付到位；大力開(kai)展退耕、退池還(huan)林(lin)、還(huan)濕(shi)(shi)、還(huan)湖工程(cheng)。

⑧微山縣成立(li)湖上執法隊伍(wu)，負責保護(hu)區巡護(hu)工作和檢查。

⑨開展宣傳(chuan)教育活動，設置(zhi)宣傳(chuan)牌(pai)并(bing)經常利(li)用當地廣播、報刊(kan)、電視(shi)等宣傳(chuan)保護(hu)水禽和濕(shi)地的(de)重要性。

生態價值

南四湖濕地生態系統典型，生物多(duo)樣性豐富，自(zi)然景觀獨特(te)，具有很(hen)高的(de)保護價值和科研價值；南四湖是重要的(de)水(shui)資源調(diao)蓄(xu)地，是鳥類(lei)重要的(de)棲息地和遷徙驛站(zhan)，同時也是國家南水(shui)北調(diao)東線工程的(de)重要調(diao)水(shui)區。