石斑魚可分為很多種類：
海紅斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，東(dong)星(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，西星(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，泰星(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，豹星(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，老(lao)(lao)鼠斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，老(lao)(lao)虎斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，青斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，麻斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，金錢斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，杉斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，蘇鼠斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、紅瓜子斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。
（1）點(dian)帶石斑魚吻短鈍，背(bei)鰭8～11根棘，基底無黑斑，體(ti)(ti)側(ce)有(you)5條(tiao)不明顯橫帶，體(ti)(ti)側(ce)及(ji)各鰭上分散著斑點(dian)。為(wei)熱帶中、下(xia)層魚類(lei)，喜(xi)棲息于巖礁底質海(hai)區，為(wei)南(nan)海(hai)名貴(gui)魚類(lei)。性兇猛，肉食為(wei)主，喜(xi)食魚、蝦、蟹，饑餓時自相殘殺。可生活在(zai)鹽度(du)11～41‰水域，最適水溫22～28℃，18℃以下(xia)食欲減退，15℃以下(xia)魚體(ti)(ti)失去平衡(heng)。可進行網箱養(yang)殖。分布于我國東海(hai)、南(nan)海(hai)等(deng)海(hai)域。?
（2）赤點石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)背鰭Ⅺ，16條，背鰭基底具一黑斑(ban)(ban)，體棕(zong)褐色(se)，頭、體、奇(qi)鰭有(you)許多橙黃色(se)斑(ban)(ban)（浸(jin)制標本變白色(se)）。暖溫(wen)性中、下層(ceng)魚(yu)類(lei)。成(cheng)魚(yu)攝(she)食魚(yu)、蝦、蟹(xie)。雌(ci)雄(xiong)同體，雌(ci)性先成(cheng)熟，大部分(fen)3齡性成(cheng)熟，體長231～295毫米時，從雌(ci)性轉(zhuan)變為雄(xiong)性。大部分(fen)6齡魚(yu)（個別為5齡魚(yu)）體長340～400毫米，絕對(dui)生殖力(li)為10萬～25萬粒，產卵期為5～9月(yue)，盛期為5～6月(yue)。肉(rou)鮮美，可(ke)供出口，是(shi)名貴(gui)魚(yu)類(lei)，現已(yi)進行人工繁(fan)殖，是(shi)網箱及淺(qian)海養(yang)殖對(dui)象。分(fen)布于我國臺灣，東海、南海，以及印(yin)度和日本。
（3）青石斑(ban)魚(yu)體(ti)下部(bu)具(ju)若干橙(cheng)紅(hong)色(se)斑(ban)點，體(ti)側具(ju)6條(tiao)深褐色(se)垂直(zhi)條(tiao)紋，第3與第4帶間(jian)隔最寬；僅尾鰭具(ju)斑(ban)點。暖水性中(zhong)、下層魚(yu)類。仔(zi)稚(zhi)魚(yu)攝(she)食浮游生物，成(cheng)魚(yu)攝(she)食魚(yu)、蝦、蟹。雌(ci)、雄(xiong)同體(ti)，雌(ci)魚(yu)先性成(cheng)熟，體(ti)長250～400毫米時性逆轉，雄(xiong)魚(yu)6齡（個別5齡）全部(bu)性成(cheng)熟。絕(jue)對生殖力為8萬～25萬粒(li)，產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)期(qi)為5月下旬至7月，20℃開始產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)，22～24℃盛期(qi)，產(chan)(chan)浮性卵(luan)。水溫22～25℃，需(xu)23～30小時孵出(chu)仔(zi)魚(yu)。肉味鮮(xian)美(mei)，為名貴魚(yu)類，活魚(yu)大(da)量銷往香(xiang)港及澳門。為中(zhong)國及東南亞淺海(hai)養殖對象，可以(yi)用網箱養殖。分布于我國臺灣，東海(hai)、南海(hai)，以(yi)及日本。
（4）斜帶(dai)石斑(ban)魚身(shen)(shen)體(ti)延(yan)長，在(zai)頭和身(shen)(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背部(bu)呈棕褐(he)色(se)(se)，腹部(bu)底紋呈白色(se)(se)；無數橙褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)是紅(hong)褐(he)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小點分布于頭、身(shen)(shen)體(ti)和鰭(qi)條的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)；身(shen)(shen)體(ti)上有5大不規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、間斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、向腹部(bu)分叉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)斑(ban)；第一個黑(hei)(hei)斑(ban)在(zai)前背鰭(qi)棘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下方，最后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)斑(ban)在(zai)尾柄上；2個黑(hei)(hei)斑(ban)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)鰓蓋(gai)，而另外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1～2個在(zai)次鰓蓋(gai)和中(zhong)(zhong)鰓蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊接處。當暴露于空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)橙色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)點變(bian)為(wei)褐(he)色(se)(se)，而在(zai)防腐劑中(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)變(bian)得模(mo)糊。
石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)廣泛分(fen)(fen)布于大西洋(yang)(yang)、印度(du)洋(yang)(yang)和太平洋(yang)(yang)的熱帶和亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域。中(zhong)國沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)分(fen)(fen)布的石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)有(you)(you)11個(ge)屬65種(zhong)，包括光腭鱸屬、下美(mei)屬、駝(tuo)背鱸屬、石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)屬、鳶(yuan)屬、煙鱸屬、纖齒鱸屬、九棘(ji)(ji)鱸屬、側牙(ya)鱸屬、鰓棘(ji)(ji)鱸屬和貧鱸屬。主要分(fen)(fen)布于東海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、臺灣(wan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)峽(xia)(xia)和南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，其中(zhong)常見種(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)斜帶石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、豹紋鰓棘(ji)(ji)鱸、駝(tuo)背鱸、青石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)。臺灣(wan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)峽(xia)(xia)尤其是澎湖(hu)列島海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域，不僅有(you)(you)黑(hei)潮(chao)支流的加溫效應(ying)，且(qie)多有(you)(you)淺灘、峽(xia)(xia)谷、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島、礁(jiao)石(shi)，珊瑚礁(jiao)資源豐(feng)富，非常適合(he)石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)棲息，其石(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)類(lei)較東海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)更為豐(feng)富。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)般(ban)呈橢(tuo)圓(yuan)或(huo)長橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形，側扁(bian)；頭長大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)體(ti)(ti)高；背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)棘(ji)(ji)部強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，與(yu)鰭(qi)(qi)條(tiao)部相連，背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)棘(ji)(ji)7~11根(gen)，鰭(qi)(qi)條(tiao)10~21根(gen)；臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)棘(ji)(ji)3根(gen)，一(yi)般(ban)第2根(gen)最為(wei)(wei)強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，臀(tun)鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)條(tiao)數(shu)7~13根(gen)；胸(xiong)(xiong)鰭(qi)(qi)寬大(da)(da)(da)(da)，位低，一(yi)般(ban)呈圓(yuan)形；腹鰭(qi)(qi)位于(yu)胸(xiong)(xiong)鰭(qi)(qi)下方(fang)；口大(da)(da)(da)(da)，兩頜齒內行齒傾倒(dao)；體(ti)(ti)被小(xiao)(xiao)櫛鱗；側線(xian)達(da)尾鰭(qi)(qi)基部；尾鰭(qi)(qi)圓(yuan)形、截形或(huo)凹型(xing)。不同種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)型(xing)差異較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，30%以上的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)體(ti)(ti)長可(ke)達(da)1m以上，超(chao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)體(ti)(ti)型(xing)者可(ke)超(chao)過2m，如鞍帶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(E.lanceolatus)、伊(yi)氏石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. itajara)、東太平洋(yang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. quinquefasciatus)等，而體(ti)(ti)型(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)者甚至小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)20cm，如紅鰭(qi)(qi)九(jiu)棘(ji)(ji)鱸(Cephalopholis aitha)、短身(shen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. trophis)、多(duo)斑(ban)九(jiu)棘(ji)(ji)鱸(C. polyspila)等。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)屬(shu)(Epinephelus)作為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科中(zhong)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最多(duo)的(de)屬(shu)，其體(ti)(ti)型(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)變化較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，從小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)到大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)均有分布；而另一(yi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)數(shu)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)九(jiu)棘(ji)(ji)鱸屬(shu)(Cephalopholis)除了紅九(jiu)棘(ji)(ji)鱸(C. sonnerati)外都(dou)是體(ti)(ti)長小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)50cm的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。此外，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)的(de)仔稚魚(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)育(yu)過程中(zhong)存在背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)棘(ji)(ji)和腹鰭(qi)(qi)鰭(qi)(qi)棘(ji)(ji)顯著(zhu)延長及收縮(suo)的(de)現象，這是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)育(yu)過程中(zhong)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)獨特的(de)一(yi)個特征(zheng)。
石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)底棲性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，其(qi)成(cheng)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主要棲息(xi)(xi)于珊瑚礁及近岸巖礁區域(yu)(yu)，也(ye)有部分(fen)棲息(xi)(xi)于底質(zhi)為(wei)沙質(zhi)、泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)或淤泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)的(de)海(hai)(hai)域(yu)(yu)，如青(qing)銅石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. aeneus)、褐石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. bruneus)及寶石(shi)石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(E. areolatus)等(deng)，其(qi)幼魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)則(ze)偏愛選擇海(hai)(hai)草床、紅樹林等(deng)生(sheng)境(jing)。石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)一般(ban)棲息(xi)(xi)于100m以淺的(de)水域(yu)(yu)，如白線光腭鱸(lu)(lu)(Anyperodon leucogrammicus)和橫(heng)帶九棘鱸(lu)(lu)(C. boenak)等(deng)，也(ye)有一些(xie)(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)棲息(xi)(xi)于100~200m的(de)水層中，如橙點九棘鱸(lu)(lu)(C. aurantia)。大多數石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)獨居(ju)性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，除(chu)了在繁殖(zhi)期集(ji)群外一般(ban)不成(cheng)群；但也(ye)有些(xie)(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)生(sheng)活方式為(wei)一尾(wei)雄(xiong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和若干(gan)尾(wei)雌魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)組成(cheng)的(de)小群體(ti)，如橫(heng)帶九棘鱸(lu)(lu)和青(qing)星(xing)九棘鱸(lu)(lu)(C. miniata)。一些(xie)(xie)研究表(biao)明石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)通常可在特定的(de)礁區定居(ju)較長的(de)一段時間，這種(zhong)(zhong)定居(ju)習性(xing)及較長的(de)生(sheng)活史等(deng)特征(zheng)使(shi)得(de)石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)易受到過(guo)度捕(bu)撈的(de)影(ying)響。
大(da)部分石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)雌(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)先熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)同(tong)(tong)體魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)，即初(chu)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟時為(wei)雌(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，作為(wei)雌(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)參(can)與(yu)繁殖后的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)年至(zhi)數年后，雌(ci)魚(yu)開始性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)逆轉成(cheng)為(wei)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)魚(yu)。然而(er)也存在著少量可(ke)(ke)由幼魚(yu)直接發(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)體(primary males)，其比(bi)例(li)隨不同(tong)(tong)物種(zhong)而(er)異，如養殖條件下(xia)斜(xie)帶石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(E.coioides)和駝背鱸僅有(you)1%~3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)體，而(er)赤(chi)點石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(E.akaara)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)體可(ke)(ke)達15%左右。這種(zhong)差異也可(ke)(ke)能與(yu)生長(chang)環境(jing)(jing)相關，目前尚未有(you)野生天然初(chu)級(ji)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)報道。此外，在人工養殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)中也發(fa)現(xian)了雙向性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)逆轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)同(tong)(tong)體橫帶九棘鱸。甚(shen)至(zhi)還有(you)個(ge)(ge)別種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)為(wei)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)異體，如豹紋(wen)喙鱸(Mycteroperca rosacea)和拿騷石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(E. striatus)。對于石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)逆轉機制,一(yi)(yi)些研究者認(ren)為(wei)可(ke)(ke)能是環境(jing)(jing)與(yu)遺傳因素(su)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果，并(bing)證實了外源性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)固醇激素(su)可(ke)(ke)成(cheng)功誘導多種(zhong)石(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雌(ci)魚(yu)發(fa)生性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)逆轉。
大多石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)多批產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)巢內同時(shi)具有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同時(shi)相的(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)母細(xi)胞。雌魚(yu)(yu)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)繁(fan)殖(zhi)期內。卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)子分(fen)批成熟。如(ru)青石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(E.awoara)、點帶石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(E.malabaricus)和云紋石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(E.moara)等。一(yi)(yi)些石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)著較為(wei)固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)場(chang)。因此(ci)需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)洄(hui)游。部分(fen)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)洄(hui)游的(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)較短。如(ru)大堡礁區的(de)(de)豹紋鰓棘鱸的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)洄(hui)游距(ju)離(li)通(tong)(tong)常為(wei)數(shu)百(bai)米(mi)至(zhi)數(shu)千米(mi)；有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)則需(xu)要(yao)洄(hui)游上百(bai)千米(mi)往返(fan)于產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)場(chang)，如(ru)佛羅里(li)達(da)沿(yan)岸的(de)(de)拿騷石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(E.striatus)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)場(chang)距(ju)離(li)定(ding)(ding)居地距(ju)離(li)可(ke)(ke)達(da)240km。一(yi)(yi)些石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)在(zai)繁(fan)殖(zhi)期間會配對產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)，如(ru)赤點石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)，其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)時(shi)間一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)傍(bang)晚，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)開始(shi)時(shi)，雄(xiong)魚(yu)(yu)追逐雌魚(yu)(yu)后并游，通(tong)(tong)過尾(wei)柄激烈顫動完(wan)成產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)、排精動作(zuo)，這一(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)行(xing)為(wei)需(xu)1~2min，隨后不(bu)(bu)久可(ke)(ke)重復類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似(si)行(xing)為(wei)并持續2h左右。另一(yi)(yi)些種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)如(ru)拿騷石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)則具有(you)(you)(you)集群產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)，Smith報道了拿騷石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)在(zai)巴哈馬附近海(hai)域水(shui)深29~38m的(de)(de)巖礁珊瑚(hu)礁海(hai)域集群產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)的(de)(de)現(xian)象，數(shu)量(liang)有(you)(you)(you)30000~100000尾(wei)之多。石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)期一(yi)(yi)般(ban)從每年的(de)(de)春末延續至(zhi)初秋，主要(yao)受水(shui)溫影響(xiang)，因而(er)沿(yan)海(hai)各地石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)時(shi)間隨緯度不(bu)(bu)同而(er)變化。如(ru)福建沿(yan)海(hai)的(de)(de)赤點石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)生殖(zhi)季(ji)節為(wei)5—9月(yue)，5—6月(yue)為(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)盛期，香港和臺(tai)灣(wan)則為(wei)4—7月(yue)。石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)個(ge)體懷卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)數(shu)因體型(xing)而(er)異，產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)總量(liang)在(zai)7萬~100萬粒不(bu)(bu)等，大型(xing)石(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)可(ke)(ke)達(da)1000萬粒。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，比(bi)大黃魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)都高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，其次是棕點石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，珍珠(zhu)龍(long)膽石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)點帶(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，七帶(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)赤點石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國花鱸、大菱(ling)鲆(ping)(ping)相近(jin)(jin)，而(er)鞍(an)帶(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)美洲黑石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與真(zhen)鯛的(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)接近(jin)(jin)，相對比(bi)較(jiao)低(di)，約為(wei)(wei)66%(干重計(ji))，但(dan)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)卻比(bi)大菱(ling)鲆(ping)(ping)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)10多倍。除鞍(an)帶(dai)和(he)(he)美洲黑石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)明(ming)顯較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)外，其他幾種(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與真(zhen)鯛相近(jin)(jin)，略高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于大黃魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)大菱(ling)鲆(ping)(ping)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)需氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)占(zhan)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)超過37%，跟FAO/WTO所(suo)建議的(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)蛋(dan)(dan)白模式(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)必(bi)需氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)指數(EAAI)均(jun)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。通常產品的(de)(de)EAAI越高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)營(ying)(ying)養價(jia)值(zhi)也越高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，點帶(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)EAAI為(wei)(wei)103，棕點石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)EAAI為(wei)(wei)90.19，鞍(an)帶(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)EAAI為(wei)(wei)95.87，說(shuo)明(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)源。另外，石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)鮮(xian)味氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(谷氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)Glu、天冬氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)Asp、甘氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)Gly、丙氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)Ala)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也十(shi)(shi)分豐富(fu)，這說(shuo)明(ming)了石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)味道比(bi)較(jiao)鮮(xian)美。石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)其他海水(shui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類略高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)脂(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富(fu)，二十(shi)(shi)碳(tan)五烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(EPA)和(he)(he)二十(shi)(shi)二碳(tan)六烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(DHA)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)多不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)58%～88%，其對人體的(de)(de)健康有重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。所(suo)以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是味道鮮(xian)美、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)蛋(dan)(dan)白、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)均(jun)衡的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)營(ying)(ying)養價(jia)值(zhi)極高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)海水(shui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類。
礦物元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)健康(kang)密切相關，參(can)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新陳代謝、各種(zhong)生物和(he)化學反應等(deng)。點帶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)均(jun)略高(gao)于其(qi)(qi)他幾(ji)(ji)種(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)鉀(K)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)，其(qi)(qi)次為(wei)鈉(Na)、鎂(mei)(Mg)、鈣(Ca)、磷(P)；微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)，棕點石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(Zn)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)，其(qi)(qi)次為(wei)美(mei)洲黑(hei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)。鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)“生命的(de)(de)(de)(de)火花(hua)塞”之稱(cheng)，能(neng)促(cu)進大腦蛋(dan)白合成，幫助神經(jing)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)發育(yu)和(he)完善，同時(shi)也是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)內(nei)數十(shi)種(zhong)酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)成分，動物性(xing)食品中(zhong)富(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)在人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)內(nei)較(jiao)易消化吸(xi)收，因此其(qi)(qi)被(bei)視為(wei)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好來源。點帶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)美(mei)洲黑(hei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Fe含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)幾(ji)(ji)種(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)主要(yao)(yao)來源于食物，與其(qi)(qi)他養殖魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)相比，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)營養種(zhong)類(lei)更為(wei)全面且含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)豐富(fu)(fu)，特別(bie)是(shi)鐵和(he)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)。研究(jiu)顯示，營養性(xing)鐵缺乏和(he)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)缺乏是(shi)嚴(yan)重影(ying)響(xiang)兒童健康(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)見營養素(su)(su)(su)缺乏問題，因此含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)豐富(fu)(fu)磷、鈉、鎂(mei)、鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)鐵等(deng)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斑(ban)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)肌肉能(neng)夠很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)特別(bie)是(shi)孩童對微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。
巧笑倩兮 
